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Petkov S, Kilpeläinen A, Bayurova E, Latanova A, Mezale D, Fridrihsone I, Starodubova E, Jansons J, Dudorova A, Gordeychuk I, Wahren B, Isaguliants M. HIV-1 Protease as DNA Immunogen against Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Infection: DNA Immunization with Drug Resistant HIV-1 Protease Protects Mice from Challenge with Protease-Expressing Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010238. [PMID: 36612231 PMCID: PMC9818955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA immunization with HIV-1 protease (PR) is advanced for immunotherapy of HIV-1 infection to reduce the number of infected cells producing drug-resistant virus. A consensus PR of the HIV-1 FSU_A strain was designed, expression-optimized, inactivated (D25N), and supplemented with drug resistance (DR) mutations M46I, I54V, and V82A common for FSU_A. PR variants with D25N/M46I/I54V (PR_Ai2mut) and with D25N/M46I/I54V/V82A (PR_Ai3mut) were cloned into the DNA vaccine vector pVAX1, and PR_Ai3mut, into a lentiviral vector for the transduction of murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells expressing luciferase 4T1luc2. BALB/c mice were DNA-immunized by intradermal injections of PR_Ai, PR_Ai2mut, PR_Ai3mut, vector pVAX1, or PBS with electroporation. All PR variants induced specific CD8+ T-cell responses revealed after splenocyte stimulation with PR-derived peptides. Splenocytes of mice DNA-immunized with PR_Ai and PR_Ai2mut were not activated by peptides carrying V82A, whereas splenocytes of PR_Ai3mut-immunized mice recognized both peptides with and without V82A mutation. Mutations M46I and I54V were immunologically silent. In the challenge study, DNA immunization with PR_Ai3mut protected mice from the outgrowth of subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma 4T1luc2 cells expressing PR_Ai3mut; a tumor was formed only in 1/10 implantation sites and no metastases were detected. Immunizations with other PR variants were not protective; all mice formed tumors and multiple metastasis in the lungs, liver, and spleen. CD8+ cells of PR_Ai3mut DNA-immunized mice exhibited strong IFN-γ/IL-2 responses against PR peptides, while the splenocytes of mice in other groups were nonresponsive. Thus, immunization with a DNA plasmid encoding inactive HIV-1 protease with DR mutations suppressed the growth and metastatic activity of tumor cells expressing PR identical to the one encoded by the immunogen. This demonstrates the capacity of T-cell response induced by DNA immunization to recognize single DR mutations, and supports the concept of the development of immunotherapies against drug resistance in HIV-1 infection. It also suggests that HIV-1-infected patients developing drug resistance may have a reduced natural immune response against DR HIV-1 mutations causing an immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Athina Kilpeläinen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Latanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzeina Mezale
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilse Fridrihsone
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Juris Jansons
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alesja Dudorova
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Paul Stradins University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
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Isaguliants M, Krotova O, Petkov S, Jansons J, Bayurova E, Mezale D, Fridrihsone I, Kilpelainen A, Podschwadt P, Agapkina Y, Smirnova O, Kostic L, Saleem M, Latyshev O, Eliseeva O, Malkova A, Gorodnicheva T, Wahren B, Gordeychuk I, Starodubova E, Latanova A. Cellular Immune Response Induced by DNA Immunization of Mice with Drug Resistant Integrases of HIV-1 Clade A Offers Partial Protection against Growth and Metastatic Activity of Integrase-Expressing Adenocarcinoma Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1219. [PMID: 34199989 PMCID: PMC8226624 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic DNA-vaccination against drug-resistant HIV-1 may hinder emergence and spread of drug-resistant HIV-1, allowing for longer successful antiretroviral treatment (ART) up-to relief of ART. We designed DNA-vaccines against drug-resistant HIV-1 based on consensus clade A integrase (IN) resistant to raltegravir: IN_in_r1 (L74M/E92Q/V151I/N155H/G163R) or IN_in_r2 (E138K/G140S/Q148K) carrying D64V abrogating IN activity. INs, overexpressed in mammalian cells from synthetic genes, were assessed for stability, route of proteolytic degradation, and ability to induce oxidative stress. Both were found safe in immunotoxicity tests in mice, with no inherent carcinogenicity: their expression did not enhance tumorigenic or metastatic potential of adenocarcinoma 4T1 cells. DNA-immunization of mice with INs induced potent multicytokine T-cell response mainly against aa 209-239, and moderate IgG response cross-recognizing diverse IN variants. DNA-immunization with IN_in_r1 protected 60% of mice from challenge with 4Tlluc2 cells expressing non-mutated IN, while DNA-immunization with IN_in_r2 protected only 20% of mice, although tumor cells expressed IN matching the immunogen. Tumor size inversely correlated with IN-specific IFN-γ/IL-2 T-cell response. IN-expressing tumors displayed compromised metastatic activity restricted to lungs with reduced metastases size. Protective potential of IN immunogens relied on their immunogenicity for CD8+ T-cells, dependent on proteasomal processing and low level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (D.M.); (I.F.)
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krotova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Juris Jansons
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (D.M.); (I.F.)
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzeina Mezale
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (D.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Ilze Fridrihsone
- Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.J.); (D.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Athina Kilpelainen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Philip Podschwadt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Yulia Agapkina
- Department of Chemistry and Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga Smirnova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Linda Kostic
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Mina Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Oleg Latyshev
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
| | - Olesja Eliseeva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
| | - Anastasia Malkova
- Institute of Medical Biological Research and Technologies, 143090 Krasnoznamensk, Russia;
| | | | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.P.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (L.K.); (M.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 127994 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Latanova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.K.); (E.B.); (O.S.); (O.L.); (O.E.); (I.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Codon optimization and improved delivery/immunization regimen enhance the immune response against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, preserving its Th2-polarity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8078. [PMID: 29799015 PMCID: PMC5967322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines require a considerable enhancement of immunogenicity. Here, we optimized a prototype DNA vaccine against drug-resistant HIV-1 based on a weak Th2-immunogen, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). We designed expression-optimized genes encoding inactivated wild-type and drug-resistant RTs (RT-DNAs) and introduced them into mice by intradermal injections followed by electroporation. RT-DNAs were administered as single or double primes with or without cyclic-di-GMP, or as a prime followed by boost with RT-DNA mixed with a luciferase-encoding plasmid (“surrogate challenge”). Repeated primes improved cellular responses and broadened epitope specificity. Addition of cyclic-di-GMP induced a transient increase in IFN-γ production. The strongest anti-RT immune response was achieved in a prime-boost protocol with electroporation by short 100V pulses done using penetrating electrodes. The RT-specific response, dominated by CD4+ T-cells, targeted epitopes at aa 199–220 and aa 528–543. Drug-resistance mutations disrupted the epitope at aa 205–220, while the CTL epitope at aa 202–210 was not affected. Overall, multiparametric optimization of RT strengthened its Th2- performance. A rapid loss of RT/luciferase-expressing cells in the surrogate challenge experiment revealed a lytic potential of anti-RT response. Such lytic CD4+ response would be beneficial for an HIV vaccine due to its comparative insensitivity to immune escape.
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Fusion to Flaviviral Leader Peptide Targets HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase for Secretion and Reduces Its Enzymatic Activity and Ability to Induce Oxidative Stress but Has No Major Effects on Its Immunogenic Performance in DNA-Immunized Mice. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7407136. [PMID: 28717654 PMCID: PMC5498913 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7407136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a key enzyme in viral replication and susceptibility to ART and a crucial target of immunotherapy against drug-resistant HIV-1. RT induces oxidative stress which undermines the attempts to make it immunogenic. We hypothesized that artificial secretion may reduce the stress and make RT more immunogenic. Inactivated multidrug-resistant RT (RT1.14opt-in) was N-terminally fused to the signal providing secretion of NS1 protein of TBEV (Ld) generating optimized inactivated Ld-carrying enzyme RT1.14oil. Promotion of secretion prohibited proteasomal degradation increasing the half-life and content of RT1.14oil in cells and cell culture medium, drastically reduced the residual polymerase activity, and downmodulated oxidative stress. BALB/c mice were DNA-immunized with RT1.14opt-in or parental RT1.14oil by intradermal injections with electroporation. Fluorospot and ELISA tests revealed that RT1.14opt-in and RT1.14oil induced IFN-γ/IL-2, RT1.14opt-in induced granzyme B, and RT1.14oil induced perforin production. Perforin secretion correlated with coproduction of IFN-γ and IL-2 (R = 0,97). Both DNA immunogens induced strong anti-RT antibody response. Ld peptide was not immunogenic. Thus, Ld-driven secretion inferred little change to RT performance in DNA immunization. Positive outcome was the abrogation of polymerase activity increasing safety of RT-based DNA vaccines. Identification of the molecular determinants of low cellular immunogenicity of RT requires further studies.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious healthcare concern affecting millions of people around the world. Antiviral resistance has been viewed as a lesser threat than antibiotic resistance, but it is important to consider approaches to address this growing issue. While vaccination is a logical strategy, and has been shown to be successful many times over, next generation viral vaccines with a specific goal of curbing antiviral resistance will need to clear several hurdles including vaccine design, evaluation and implementation. This article suggests that a new model of vaccination may need to be considered: rather than focusing on public health, this model would primarily target sectors of the population who are at high risk for complications from certain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Laughlin
- Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Amanda Schleif
- Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Carole A Heilman
- Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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Dong Y, Shen X, Guo R, Liu B, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang L, Sun J, Zhang X, Xu J. Willingness to participate in HIV therapeutic vaccine trials among HIV-infected patients on ART in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111321. [PMID: 25372044 PMCID: PMC4221013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More and more HIV therapeutic vaccines will enter clinical trials; however, little is known about the willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV therapeutic vaccine trials among HIV-positive individuals. Objective To investigate the WTP in HIV therapeutic vaccine trials among Chinese HIV-infected patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey on HIV-positive inpatients and outpatients at Shanghai Public Health Center. A total of 447 participants were recruited into this study. Following an introduction with general information on HIV therapeutic vaccine and its potential effectiveness and side effects, each participant completed a questionnaire in a self-administered form. The questionnaires covered demographics, high-risk behaviors, clinical characteristics and willingness to participate in HIV therapeutic vaccine trial. Results The overall willingness to participate in HIV therapeutic vaccine trials was 91.5%. Interestingly, multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the willingness was higher for those sexually infected by HIV (odds ratio [OR]: 4.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53–12.41), diagnosed as HIV-1 infection for greater than 5 years (OR: 7.12, 95% CI: 1.83–27.76), and with the presence of infectious complications (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.02–7.45). The primary reason for participation was to delay or reduce antiretroviral treatment (ART) and to avoid ART side effects (76.6%), and then followed by delaying disease progression (74.9%), increasing immune response to suppress opportunistic infections (57.7%) and preventing the development of drug resistance (37.1%). Reasons for unwillingness to participate mainly included concern for safety (37.0%), lack of knowledge on therapeutic vaccine (33.3%), and satisfaction with ART effectiveness (22.2%). Conclusions The WTP in HIV therapeutic vaccine trials was high among HIV-infected Chinese patients. HIV+ subjects who acquired infection through sexual contact and who were diagnosed for more than 5 years may represent a good candidate population for enrollment in therapeutic vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxing Shen
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruizhang Guo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baochi Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China CDC, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (XZ)
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China CDC, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (XZ)
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Krotova O, Starodubova E, Petkov S, Kostic L, Agapkina J, Hallengärd D, Viklund A, Latyshev O, Gelius E, Dillenbeck T, Karpov V, Gottikh M, Belyakov IM, Lukashov V, Isaguliants MG. Consensus HIV-1 FSU-A integrase gene variants electroporated into mice induce polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62720. [PMID: 23667513 PMCID: PMC3648577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to create gene immunogens targeted against drug-resistant HIV-1, focusing on HIV-1 enzymes as critical components in viral replication and drug resistance. Consensus-based gene vaccines are specifically fit for variable pathogens such as HIV-1 and have many advantages over viral genes and their expression-optimized variants. With this in mind, we designed the consensus integrase (IN) of the HIV-1 clade A strain predominant in the territory of the former Soviet Union and its inactivated derivative with and without mutations conferring resistance to elvitegravir. Humanized IN gene was synthesized; and inactivated derivatives (with 64D in the active site mutated to V) with and without elvitegravir-resistance mutations were generated by site-mutagenesis. Activity tests of IN variants expressed in E coli showed the consensus IN to be active, while both D64V-variants were devoid of specific activities. IN genes cloned in the DNA-immunization vector pVax1 (pVaxIN plasmids) were highly expressed in human and murine cell lines (>0.7 ng/cell). Injection of BALB/c mice with pVaxIN plasmids followed by electroporation generated potent IFN-γ and IL-2 responses registered in PBMC by day 15 and in splenocytes by day 23 after immunization. Multiparametric FACS demonstrated that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of gene-immunized mice stimulated with IN-derived peptides secreted IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. The multi-cytokine responses of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells correlated with the loss of in vivo activity of the luciferase reporter gene co-delivered with pVaxIN plasmids. This indicated the capacity of IN-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to clear IN/reporter co-expressing cells from the injection sites. Thus, the synthetic HIV-1 clade A integrase genes acted as potent immunogens generating polyfunctional Th1-type CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Generation of such response is highly desirable for an effective HIV-1 vaccine as it offers a possibility to attack virus-infected cells via both MHC class I and II pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krotova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Starodubova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Kostic
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Agapkina
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Hallengärd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alecia Viklund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Vadim Karpov
- WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Gottikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor M. Belyakov
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Lukashov
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G. Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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8
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Starodubova E, Krotova O, Hallengärd D, Kuzmenko Y, Engström G, Legzdina D, Latyshev O, Eliseeva O, Maltais AK, Tunitskaya V, Karpov V, Bråve A, Isaguliants M. Cellular Immunogenicity of Novel Gene Immunogens in Mice Monitored by in Vivo Imaging. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Starodubova
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Krotova
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Hallengärd
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yulia Kuzmenko
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Engström
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Legzdina
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Latyshev
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Eliseeva
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Maltais
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Tunitskaya
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vadim Karpov
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bråve
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- From the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; WA Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia; Center of Medical Research, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russia; DI Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia; and Cytopulse AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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Recent advances in antiretroviral treatment and prevention in HIV-infected patients. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2012; 6 Suppl 1:S21-30. [PMID: 22156776 DOI: 10.1097/01.coh.0000410238.80894.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss new antiretroviral agents (ARVs) and alternative ARV treatment strategies that are currently being evaluated, and to provide an overview of the most recent advances in HIV vaccine development. RECENT FINDINGS There is a continuous need for improvements in ARV therapy (ART) and several new ARVs are currently undergoing clinical investigation, including the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine, the integrase inhibitor elvitegravir, the chemokine receptor 5 co-receptor antagonist vicriviroc and the maturation inhibitor bevirimat. Strategies to optimize ART, such as treatment interruption, induction-maintenance and class-sparing regimens, are also being evaluated and have had varying success to date. However, vaccination still remains the optimal solution, and one second-generation preventative HIV vaccine has produced encouraging results in a recent phase III trial. SUMMARY Global prevention and treatment with ARVs that are effective, well tolerated and have high barriers to the development of HIV resistance are the main strategies to fight HIV/AIDS while we await the development of an effective vaccine.
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Kinetic model of HIV infection including hematopoietic progenitor cells. Math Biosci 2012; 236:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Boberg A, Stålnacke A, Bråve A, Hinkula J, Wahren B, Carlin N. Receptor Binding by Cholera Toxin B-Subunit and Amino Acid Modification Improves Minimal Peptide Immunogenicity. ISRN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 2012:170676. [PMID: 27335661 PMCID: PMC4890861 DOI: 10.5402/2012/170676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We increase our understanding of augmenting a cellular immune response, by using an HIV-1 protease-derived epitope (PR75–84), and variants thereof, coupled to the C-terminal, of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). Fusion proteins were used for immunizations of HLA-A0201 transgenic C57BL/6 mice. We observed different capacities to elicit a cellular immune response by peptides with additions of five to ten amino acids to the PR epitope. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the elicited cellular immune response and the capacity of the fusion protein to bind GM-1. This binding capacity is affected by its ability to form natural pentamers of CTB. Our results suggest that functional CTB pentamers containing a foreign amino acid-modified epitope is a novel way to overcome the limited cellular immunogenicity of minimal peptide antigens. This way of using a functional assay as readout for improved cellular immunogenicity might become highly valuable for difficult immunogens such as short peptides (epitopes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Boberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 82 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Education and Research administration, Mälardalen University, P.O. Box 883, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Bråve
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britta Wahren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Carlin
- Etvax AB, Gunnar Asplunds Alle 16, 171 63 Solna, Sweden
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Starodubova E, Boberg A, Ivanov A, Latyshev O, Petrakova N, Kuzmenko Y, Litvina M, Chernousov A, Kochetkov S, Karpov V, Wahren B, Isaguliants MG. Potent cross-reactive immune response against the wild-type and drug-resistant forms of HIV reverse transcriptase after the chimeric gene immunization. Vaccine 2010; 28:1975-86. [PMID: 20188253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) can be considered as a target and an instrument of immunotherapy aimed at limiting the emergence and spread of drug-resistant HIV. The chimeric genes coding for the wild-type and multi-drug-resistant RT (RT1.14) fused to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) were injected intramuscularly into BALB/c mice. The immune response was assessed by ELISpot, cytokine ELISA intracellular IFN-gamma staining, and antibody ELISA. The genes for RT- and RT1.14-LAMP fusions (RT-LAMP and RT1.14-LAMP) were immunogenic generating a mixed Th1/Th2-profile of immune response, while the wild-type RT gene induced only weak immune response. Specific secretion of Th1-cytokines increased with increasing level of RT modification: RT
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Starodubova
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Nobelsvägen 18, 17182 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Boberg A, Gaunitz S, Bråve A, Wahren B, Carlin N. Enhancement of epitope-specific cellular immune responses by immunization with HIV-1 peptides genetically conjugated to the B-subunit of recombinant cholera toxin. Vaccine 2008; 26:5079-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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