1
|
Amin HAA, Kobaisi MH, Samir RM. Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer in Egypt: Truths and Myths. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4023-4029. [PMID: 32165946 PMCID: PMC7061397 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gathered archeopathological evidence has confirmed that Schistosomiasis has been endemic in Ancient Egypt for over 500 decades. The association between Schistosoma hematobium and increase bladder cancer risk is also well acknowledged. However, over the years, there is a proved changing pattern of bladder cancer that needs to be investigated. AIM We aim to discuss the truths and myths about bladder cancer and its association with Schistosomiasis in Egypt. METHODS A cross-sectional, case-control study was performed to collect recent data on the topic. RESULTS Of the reported cancer cases, 79.3% were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), an additional 6% showed associated squamous features. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted only 13.8% of cancer cases. Schistosomiasis was histologically confirmed in 19 cancer cases, only one was SCC. The relative frequency of TCC is increasing, while SCC is decreasing. There is no evidence that this pattern is related to smoking or environmental factors, as the incidence of lung cancer, is not proportionately increasing. CONCLUSION The old concept that Schistosomiasis is associated with SCC should be revaluated as most cases are associated with TCC. Relying on the histopathology for confirmation of Schistosomiasis in our research studies appears to be non-accurate and leads to irrelevant results.
Collapse
|
2
|
Arora N, Kaur R, Anjum F, Tripathi S, Mishra A, Kumar R, Prasad A. Neglected Agent Eminent Disease: Linking Human Helminthic Infection, Inflammation, and Malignancy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:402. [PMID: 31867284 PMCID: PMC6909818 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthic parasitic infection is grossly prevalent across the globe and is considered a significant factor in human cancer occurrence induced by biological agents. Although only three helminths (Schistosoma haematobium, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini) so far have been directly associated with carcinogenesis; there are evidence suggesting the involvement of other species too. Broadly, human helminthiasis can cause chronic inflammation, genetic instability, and host immune modulation by affecting inter- and intracellular communications, disruption of proliferation-anti-proliferation pathways, and stimulation of malignant stem cell progeny. These changes ultimately lead to tumor development through the secretion of soluble factors that interact with host cells. However, the detailed mechanisms by which helminths introduce and promote malignant transformation of host cells are still not clear. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of immune-pathogenesis of helminth parasites, which have been associated with carcinogenesis, and how these infections initiate carcinogenesis in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Arora
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Rimanpreet Kaur
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Farhan Anjum
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comparative study of excretory-secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:452. [PMID: 31521183 PMCID: PMC6744689 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a harmful neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp., such as Schistosoma mansoni. Schistosoma must transition within a molluscan host to survive. Chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that host identification involves chemosensation, including naïve host preference. Proteomic technique advances enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata snail-conditioned water (SCW) to identify potential attractants and deterrents. METHODS Behavioural bioassays were performed on S. mansoni miracidia to compare the effects of susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve B. glabrata SCW. The F1 resistant and susceptible B. glabrata SCW excretory-secretory proteins (ESPs) were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, identified with LC-MS/MS and compared to naïve snail ESPs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses based on published studies (including experiments, co-expression, text-mining and gene fusion) identified S. mansoni and B. glabrata protein interaction. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015129. RESULTS A total of 291, 410 and 597 ESPs were detected in the susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve SCW, respectively. Less overlap in ESPs was identified between susceptible and naïve snails than F1 resistant and naïve snails. F1 resistant B. glabrata ESPs were predominately associated with anti-pathogen activity and detoxification, such as leukocyte elastase and peroxiredoxin. Susceptible B. glabrata several proteins correlated with immunity and anti-inflammation, such as glutathione S-transferase and zinc metalloproteinase, and S. mansoni sporocyst presence. PPI analyses found that uncharacterised S. mansoni protein Smp_142140.1 potentially interacts with numerous B. glabrata proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study identified ESPs released by F1 resistant, susceptible and naïve B. glabrata to explain S. mansoni miracidia interplay. Susceptible B. glabrata ESPs shed light on potential S. mansoni miracidia deterrents. Further targeted research on specific ESPs identified in this study could help inhibit B. glabrata and S. mansoni interactions and stop human schistosomiasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosny K, Luk A. Urinary schistosomiasis presented as bladder malignancy with pulmonary metastases: a case report. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:e145-e146. [PMID: 29962297 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium is the species primarily responsible for the manifestation of schistosomiasis in the genitourinary tract. It is a parasitic disease caused by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma, which can result in acute and chronic manifestation. We report a case of urinary schistosomiasis that initially presented as advanced bladder cancer with pulmonary metastasis on initial computed tomography scan. Further investigations revealed no cancer and pulmonary changes resolved with treatment. The involvement of bladder is the hallmark of S. haematobium infection and it is unusual to have pulmonary manifestation without concurrent hepatosplenic disease. Within the lungs, deposition of Schistosoma eggs causes a granulomatous reaction, typically producing miliary nodules on chest radiographs. In our case, this was interpreted initially as lung metastases. However, given the cystoscopic findings and subsequent resolution with praziquantel, this was proved otherwise. This case highlights the importance of urinary cytology in the initial investigation of haematuria. Clinicians should be aware of such a potential differential diagnosis, especially in patients with prior travel history to endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hosny
- Urology Department, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust , Blackburn , UK
| | - A Luk
- Urology Department, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust , Blackburn , UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, He W, Wang B, Xu K, Han J, Zheng J, Ren J, Shao L, Bo S, Lu S, Lin T, Huang J. MALBAC-based chromosomal imbalance analysis: a novel technique enabling effective non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:659. [PMID: 29907142 PMCID: PMC6003132 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gold standard for bladder cancer detection is cystoscopy, which is an invasive procedure that causes discomfort in patients. The currently available non-invasive approaches either show limited sensitivity in low-grade tumours or possess unsatisfying specificity. The aim of the present study is to develop a new non-invasive strategy based on chromosomal imbalance levels to detect bladder cancer effectively. Methods We enrolled 74 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC), 51 healthy participants and 27 patients who were diagnosed with non-malignant urinary disease (UD). The Chromosomal Imbalance Analysis (CIA) was conducted in the tumours and urine of participants via the multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles-next-generation sequencing (MALBAC-NGS) strategy. The threshold of the CIA was determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The comparison of the CIA with voided urine cytology was also performed in a subgroup of 55 BC patients. The consistency and discrepancy of the different assays were studied with the Kappa analysis and the McNemar test, respectively. The performance of the urinary CIA was also validated in an additional group of 120 BC patients, 15 UD and 45 healthy participants. Results Good concordance (87.0%) in the assessments of patient tumour tissues and urine was observed. The urine-based evaluation also demonstrated a good performance (accuracy = 89.0%, sensitivity = 83.1%, specificity = 94.5%, NPV = 85.4% and PPV = 93.7%; AUC = 0.917, 95%CI =0.868–0.966, P < 0.001) in the training group, particularly in the patients with CIA-positive tumours (accuracy = 92.7%, sensitivity = 89.8%). The sensitivity and specificity in the validation group were 89.2 and 90.0%, respectively. Even in Ta/T1 and low-grade tumour patients, the sensitivity was 85–90%. The CIA also exhibited a significantly improved sensitivity compared to voided urine cytology. Conclusions This is the first study employing the concept of whole genome imbalance combined with the MALBAC technique to detect bladder cancer in urine. MALBAC-CIA yielded significant diagnostic power, even in early-stage/low-grade tumour patients, and it may be used as a non-invasive approach for diagnosis and recurrence surveillance in bladder cancer prior to the use of cystoscopy, which would largely reduce the burden on patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4571-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building #26, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building #26, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Shiping Bo
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building #26, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics, 1698 Wangyuan Road, Building #26, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201400, China.
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scholte LLS, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Nahum LA. Helminths and Cancers From the Evolutionary Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 29713629 PMCID: PMC5911458 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths include free-living and parasitic Platyhelminthes and Nematoda which infect millions of people worldwide. Some Platyhelminthes species of blood flukes (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni) and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini) are known to be involved in human cancers. Other helminths are likely to be carcinogenic. Our main goals are to summarize the current knowledge of human cancers caused by Platyhelminthes, point out some helminth and human biomarkers identified so far, and highlight the potential contributions of phylogenetics and molecular evolution to cancer research. Human cancers caused by helminth infection include cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and urinary bladder cancer. Chronic inflammation is proposed as a common pathway for cancer initiation and development. Furthermore, different bacteria present in gastric, colorectal, and urogenital microbiomes might be responsible for enlarging inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cancers. Studies have suggested that different biomarkers are involved in helminth infection and human cancer development; although, the detailed mechanisms remain under debate. Different helminth proteins have been studied by different approaches. However, their evolutionary relationships remain unsolved. Here, we illustrate the strengths of homology identification and function prediction of uncharacterized proteins from genome sequencing projects based on an evolutionary framework. Together, these approaches may help identifying new biomarkers for disease diagnostics and intervention measures. This work has potential applications in the field of phylomedicine (evolutionary medicine) and may contribute to parasite and cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L. S. Scholte
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Pascoal-Xavier
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila A. Nahum
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade Promove de Tecnologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|