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Luczo JM, Bousse T, Johnson SK, Jones CA, Pearce N, Neiswanger CA, Wang MX, Miller EA, Petrovsky N, Wentworth DE, Bronshtein V, Papania M, Tompkins SM. Intranasal powder live attenuated influenza vaccine is thermostable, immunogenic, and protective against homologous challenge in ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:59. [PMID: 33883559 PMCID: PMC8060263 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics; vaccination is the most effective countermeasure. Intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are needle-free, mimic the natural route of infection, and elicit robust immunity. However, some LAIVs require reconstitution and cold-chain requirements restrict storage and distribution of all influenza vaccines. We generated a dry-powder, thermostable LAIV (T-LAIV) using Preservation by Vaporization technology and assessed the stability, immunogenicity, and efficacy of T-LAIV alone or combined with delta inulin adjuvant (Advax™) in ferrets. Stability assays demonstrated minimal loss of T-LAIV titer when stored at 25 °C for 1 year. Vaccination of ferrets with T-LAIV alone or with delta inulin adjuvant elicited mucosal antibody and robust serum HI responses in ferrets, and was protective against homologous challenge. These results suggest that the Preservation by Vaporization-generated dry-powder vaccines could be distributed without refrigeration and administered without reconstitution or injection. Given these significant advantages for vaccine distribution and delivery, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina M Luczo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Tatiana Bousse
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott K Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheryl A Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas Pearce
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlie A Neiswanger
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Min-Xuan Wang
- Universal Stabilization Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erin A Miller
- Universal Stabilization Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, South Australia, Australia
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victor Bronshtein
- Universal Stabilization Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Papania
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen M Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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Milewska A, Ner‐Kluza J, Dabrowska A, Bodzon‐Kulakowska A, Pyrc K, Suder P. MASS SPECTROMETRY IN VIROLOGICAL SCIENCES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:499-522. [PMID: 31876329 PMCID: PMC7228374 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Virology, as a branch of the life sciences, discovered mass spectrometry (MS) to be the pivotal tool around two decades ago. The technique unveiled the complex network of interactions between the living world of pro- and eukaryotes and viruses, which delivered "a piece of bad news wrapped in protein" as defined by Peter Medawar, Nobel Prize Laureate, in 1960. However, MS is constantly evolving, and novel approaches allow for a better understanding of interactions in this micro- and nanoworld. Currently, we can investigate the interplay between the virus and the cell by analyzing proteomes, interactomes, virus-cell interactions, and search for the compounds that build viral structures. In addition, by using MS, it is possible to look at the cell from the broader perspective and determine the role of viral infection on the scale of the organism, for example, monitoring the crosstalk between infected tissues and the immune system. In such a way, MS became one of the major tools for the modern virology, allowing us to see the infection in the context of the whole cell or the organism. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Milewska
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Joanna Ner‐Kluza
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabrowska
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 730‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Anna Bodzon‐Kulakowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
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Duong TN, Thiem VD, Anh DD, Cuong NP, Thang TC, Huong VM, Chien VC, Phuong NTL, Montomoli E, Holt R, Scorza FB, Flores J, Tewari T. A Phase 2/3 double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy adult participants in Vietnam to examine the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole virion, alum adjuvanted, A(H5N1) influenza vaccine (IVACFLU-A/H5N1). Vaccine 2019; 38:1541-1550. [PMID: 31812464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A global shortfall of vaccines for avian influenza A(H5N1) would occur, especially in low- and-middle income countries, if a pandemic were to occur. To address this issue, development of a pre-pandemic influenza vaccine was initiated in 2012, leveraging a recently established influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity in Vietnam. METHODS This was a Phase 2/3, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to test the safety and immunogenicity of IVACFLU-A/H5N1 vaccine in healthy adults. Phase 2 was a dose selection study, in which 300 participants were randomized to one of the three groups (15 mcg, 30 mcg, or placebo). Safety and immunogenicity were assessed in all participants. In Phase 3, 630 participants were randomized to receive the IVACFLU-A/H5N1 vaccine dose selected in Phase 2 (15 mcg, n = 525) or placebo (n = 105). Safety was assessed in all Phase 3 participants and immunogenicity was measured in a subset of participants. RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated and most of the adverse events were mild and of short duration. Mild pain at the injection site was the most common adverse event seen in 60 percent of participants in the vaccine group in Phase 3. In Phase 2, both 15 mcg and 30 mcg doses were immunogenic, so the lower dose was selected for further testing in Phase 3. In Phase 3 overall seroconversion rates were 68 percent for hemagglutination inhibition (HI), 51 percent for microneutralization (MN) and 56 percent for single radial hemolysis (SRH). The seroprotection rates were 44 percent for HI, 41 percent for MN and 55 percent for SRH. The GMT ratio was 5.31 and 3.7 for HI and MN respectively; GMA was 4.75 for the SRH. CONCLUSION The IVACFLU A/H5N1 was safe and immunogenic. Development of this pandemic avian influenza vaccine is a welcome addition to the limited global pool of these vaccines. ClinicalTrials.gov register NCT02612909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhu Duong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Dinh Thiem
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Vien Chinh Chien
- Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
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Badar N, Salman M, Aamir UB, Ansari J, Ranjha MA, Khan MA, Ikram A, Nisar N, Mushtaq N, Mirza HA. Evolutionary analysis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the pandemic and post-pandemic period in Pakistan. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:407-413. [PMID: 31000492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first case of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected in Pakistan in June 2009. Since then, it has continued to circulate causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evolutionary changes in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from 2009 to 2016 and their relevance to the current vaccine viruses. METHODS Respiratory specimens (throat or nasopharyngeal swabs) were collected from patients with influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory illness. Samples were processed following the protocol of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes were carried out on representative isolates of Pakistan viruses. RESULTS Between January 2009 and February 2016, out of 16,024 samples analysed, 1950 (12%) were positive for influenza A. During the pandemic period (2009-2010), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant strain with 366 out of 808 (45%) total influenza positive cases. In the post-pandemic period (2011-2016), a total of 1078 out of 1911 (56%) cases were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with co-circulation of different influenza A subtypes. The Pakistan A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to two genetic clades: clade 7 in the pandemic period, and clade 7 (2011) and clade 6B (2015) in the post-pandemic period. Sequence analysis of genes coding for surface glycoprotein's of Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase had a high degree of sequence similarity with corresponding genes of regional viruses circulating in South-East Asia. CONCLUSION Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from Pakistan clustered into two genetic clades, with co-circulation of some variants. Key substitutions in the receptor binding site and a few changes indicative of virulence were also detected in the post-pandemic strains. Continued monitoring of the viruses is essential for early identification of potential variants of high virulence and their relevance to current vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Badar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma B Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ansari
- Department of Field Epidemiology & Disease Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muazam A Ranjha
- Department of Field Epidemiology & Disease Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz A Khan
- Department of Field Epidemiology & Disease Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Executive Director, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Nisar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Mushtaq
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza A Mirza
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Murray J, Todd KV, Bakre A, Orr-Burks N, Jones L, Wu W, Tripp RA. A universal mammalian vaccine cell line substrate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188333. [PMID: 29176782 PMCID: PMC5703543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens for poliovirus, influenza A virus and rotavirus, we validated the top 6 gene hits PV, RV or IAV to search for host genes that when knocked-down (KD) enhanced virus permissiveness and replication over wild type Vero cells or HEp-2 cells. The enhanced virus replication was tested for 12 viruses and ranged from 2-fold to >1000-fold. There were variations in virus-specific replication (strain differences) across the cell lines examined. Some host genes (CNTD2, COQ9, GCGR, NDUFA9, NEU2, PYCR1, SEC16G, SVOPL, ZFYVE9, and ZNF205) showed that KD resulted in enhanced virus replication. These findings advance platform-enabling vaccine technology, the creation of diagnostic cells substrates, and are informative about the host mechanisms that affect virus replication in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Kyle V. Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nichole Orr-Burks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Les Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Weilin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Cruz E, Cain J, Crossett B, Kayser V. Site-specific glycosylation profile of influenza A (H1N1) hemagglutinin through tandem mass spectrometry. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:508-517. [PMID: 29048990 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1377871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of influenza virus evolution in humans has revealed a significant role of glycosylation profile alterations in the viral glycoproteins - hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), in the emergence of both seasonal and pandemic strains. Viral antigenic drift can modify the number and location of glycosylation sites, altering a wide range of biological activities and the antigenic properties of the strain. In view of the key role of glycans in determining antigenicity, elucidating the glycosylation profiles of influenza strains is a requirement towards the development of improved vaccines. Sequence-based analysis of viral RNA has provided great insight into the role of glycosite modifications in altering virulence and pathogenicity. Nonetheless, this sequence-based approach can only predict potential glycosylation sites. Due to experimental challenges, experimental confirmation of the occupation of predicted glycosylation sites has only been carried out for a few strains. Herein, we utilized HCD/CID-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the site-specific profile of HA of an egg-grown H1N1 reference strain (A/New Caledonia/20/1999). We confirmed experimentally the occupancy of glycosylation sites identified by primary sequence analysis and determined the heterogeneity of glycan structures. Four glycosylation sequons on the stalk region (N28, N40, N304 and N498) and four on the globular head (N71, N104, N142 and N177) of the protein are occupied. Our results revealed a broad glycan microheterogeneity, i.e., a great diversity of glycan compositions present on each glycosite. The present methodology can be applied to characterize other viruses, particularly different influenza strains, to better understand the impact of glycosylation on biological activities and aid the improvement of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Cruz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | - Joel Cain
- b School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- c Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | - Veysel Kayser
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW , Australia
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Woods PS, Doolittle LM, Hickman-Davis JM, Davis IC. ATP catabolism by tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase contributes to development of ARDS in influenza-infected mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L83-L92. [PMID: 28982733 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are highly contagious respiratory pathogens that are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide on an annual basis. We have shown previously that influenza infection of mice leads to increased ATP and adenosine accumulation in the airway lumen. Moreover, we demonstrated that A1-adenosine receptor activation contributes significantly to influenza-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, we found that development of ARDS in influenza-infected mice does not require catabolism of ATP to adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Hence, we hypothesized that increased adenosine generation in response to infection is mediated by tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which is a low-affinity, high-capacity enzyme that catabolizes nucleotides in a nonspecific manner. In the current study, we found that whole lung and BALF TNAP expression and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity increased as early as 2 days postinfection (dpi) of C57BL/6 mice with 10,000 pfu/mouse of influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Treatment at 2 and 4 dpi with a highly specific quinolinyl-benzenesulfonamide TNAP inhibitor (TNAPi) significantly reduced whole lung alkaline phosphatase activity at 6 dpi but did not alter TNAP gene or protein expression. TNAPi treatment attenuated hypoxemia, lung dysfunction, histopathology, and pulmonary edema at 6 dpi without impacting viral replication or BALF adenosine. Treatment also improved epithelial barrier function and attenuated cellular and humoral immune responses to influenza infection. These data indicate that TNAP inhibition can attenuate influenza-induced ARDS by reducing inflammation and fluid accumulation within the lung. They also further emphasize the importance of adenosine generation for development of ARDS in influenza-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker S Woods
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lauren M Doolittle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Gerlier L, Roy D, Reid G. The Clinical and Economic Impact of Probiotics Consumption on Respiratory Tract Infections: Projections for Canada. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166232. [PMID: 27832195 PMCID: PMC5104466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is accumulating evidence supporting the use of probiotics, which are defined as "live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host", as a preventive measure against respiratory tract infections (RTI). Two recent meta-analyses showed probiotic consumption (daily intake of 107 to 1010 CFU in any form for up to 3 months) significantly reduced RTI duration, frequency, antibiotic use and work absenteeism. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of probiotic use in terms of number of RTI episodes and days averted, and the number of antibiotic prescriptions and missed workdays averted, in the general population of Canada. In addition, the corresponding economic impact from both a healthcare payer and a productivity perspective was estimated. METHODS A microsimulation model was developed to reproduce the Canadian population (sample rate of 1/1000 = 35 540 individuals) employing age and gender. RTI incidence was taken from FluWatch consultation rates for influenza-like illness (2013-14) and StatCan all-cause consultations statistics. The model was calibrated on a 2.1% RTI annual incidence in the general population (5.2 million RTI days) and included known risk factors (smoking status, shared living conditions and vaccination status). RTI-related antibiotic prescriptions and work absenteeism were obtained from the literature. RESULTS The results indicate that probiotic use saved 573 000-2.3 million RTI-days, according to the YHEC-Cochrane scenarios respectively. These reductions were associated with an avoidance of 52 000-84 000 antibiotic courses and 330 000-500 000 sick-leave days. A projection of corresponding costs reductions amounted to Can$1.3-8.9 million from the healthcare payer perspective and Can$61.2-99.7 million when adding productivity losses. CONCLUSION The analysis shows that the potential of probiotics to reduce RTI-related events may have a substantial clinical and economic impact in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lenoir-Wijnkoop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Director Public Health &Scientific Relations, Danone Company, Paris, France
| | | | - Denis Roy
- Department of Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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