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Jagasia S, Tasci E, Zhuge Y, Camphausen K, Krauze AV. Identifying patients suitable for targeted adjuvant therapy: advances in the field of developing biomarkers for tumor recurrence following irradiation. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2023; 8:33-42. [PMID: 37982134 PMCID: PMC10655913 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2023.2276927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat cancer in conjunction with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Despite the effectiveness of RT, tumor recurrence due to treatment resistance still lead to treatment failure. RT-specific biomarkers are currently lacking and remain challenging to investigate with existing data since, for many common malignancies, standard of care (SOC) paradigms involve the administration of RT in conjunction with other agents. Areas Covered Established clinically relevant biomarkers are used in surveillance, as prognostic indicators, and sometimes for treatment planning; however, the inability to intercept early recurrence or predict upfront resistance to treatment remains a significant challenge that limits the selection of patients for adjuvant therapy. We discuss attempts at intercepting early failure. We examine biomarkers that have made it into the clinic where they are used for treatment monitoring and management alteration, and novel biomarkers that lead the field with targeted adjuvant therapy seeking to harness these. Expert Opinion Given the growth of data correlating interventions with omic analysis toward identifying biomarkers of radiation resistance, more robust markers of recurrence that link to biology will increasingly be leveraged toward targeted adjuvant therapy to make a successful transition to the clinic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jagasia
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying Zhuge
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A V Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Lewis JE, Forshaw TE, Boothman DA, Furdui CM, Kemp ML. Personalized Genome-Scale Metabolic Models Identify Targets of Redox Metabolism in Radiation-Resistant Tumors. Cell Syst 2021; 12:68-81.e11. [PMID: 33476554 PMCID: PMC7905848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Redox cofactor production is integral toward antioxidant generation, clearance of reactive oxygen species, and overall tumor response to ionizing radiation treatment. To identify systems-level alterations in redox metabolism that confer resistance to radiation therapy, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline for integrating multi-omics data into personalized genome-scale flux balance analysis models of 716 radiation-sensitive and 199 radiation-resistant tumors. These models collectively predicted that radiation-resistant tumors reroute metabolic flux to increase mitochondrial NADPH stores and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Simulated genome-wide knockout screens agreed with experimental siRNA gene knockdowns in matched radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant cancer cell lines, revealing gene targets involved in mitochondrial NADPH production, central carbon metabolism, and folate metabolism that allow for selective inhibition of glutathione production and H2O2 clearance in radiation-resistant cancers. This systems approach represents a significant advancement in developing quantitative genome-scale models of redox metabolism and identifying personalized metabolic targets for improving radiation sensitivity in individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Lewis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tom E. Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - David A. Boothman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA,Corresponding Author: Correspondence:
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3
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Zeng RJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1245-1262. [PMID: 32772212 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite treatment advances, radioresistance and metastasis markedly impair the benefits of radiotherapy to patients with malignancies. Functioning as molecular switches, Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have well-recognized roles in regulating various downstream signaling pathways in a wide range of cancers. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy and metastasis, as well as radiation-induced metastasis. The functions of Rho GTPases in radiotherapeutic efficacy are divergent and context-dependent; thereby, a comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms is urgently needed. This review integrates current evidence supporting the roles of Rho GTPases in mediating radiotherapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, their correlations with metastasis and radiation-induced metastasis are discussed. Under the prudent application of Rho GTPase inhibitors based on critical evaluations of biological contexts, targeting Rho GTPases can be a promising strategy in overcoming radioresistance and simultaneously reducing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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4
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Xu J, Patel NH, Saleh T, Cudjoe EK, Alotaibi M, Wu Y, Lima S, Hawkridge AM, Gewirtz DA. Differential Radiation Sensitivity in p53 Wild-Type and p53-Deficient Tumor Cells Associated with Senescence but not Apoptosis or (Nonprotective) Autophagy. Radiat Res 2018; 190:538-557. [PMID: 30132722 DOI: 10.1667/rr15099.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of radiation interaction with tumor cells often focus on apoptosis as an end point; however, clinically relevant doses of radiation also promote autophagy and senescence. Moreover, functional p53 has frequently been implicated in contributing to radiation sensitivity through the facilitation of apoptosis. To address the involvement of apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and p53 status in the response to radiation, the current studies utilized isogenic H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells that were either p53-wild type (H460wt) or null (H460crp53). As anticipated, radiosensitivity was higher in the H460wt cells than in the H460crp53 cell line; however, this differential radiation sensitivity did not appear to be a consequence of apoptosis. Furthermore, radiosensitivity did not appear to be reduced in association with the promotion of autophagy, as autophagy was markedly higher in the H460wt cells. Despite radiosensitization by chloroquine in the H460wt cells, the radiation-induced autophagy proved to be essentially nonprotective, as inhibition of autophagy via 3-methyl adenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 silencing failed to alter radiation sensitivity or promote apoptosis in either the H460wt or H460crp53 cells. Radiosensitivity appeared to be most closely associated with senescence, which occurred earlier and to a greater extent in the H460wt cells. This finding is consistent with the in-depth proteomics analysis on the secretomes from the H460wt and H460crp53 cells (with or without radiation exposure) that showed no significant association with radioresistance-related proteins, whereas several senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were upregulated in H460wt cells relative to H460crp53 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that senescence, rather than apoptosis, plays a central role in determination of radiosensitivity; furthermore, autophagy is likely to have minimal influence on radiosensitivity under conditions where autophagy takes the nonprotective form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Nipa H Patel
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tareq Saleh
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emmanuel K Cudjoe
- c Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yingliang Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Santiago Lima
- d Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adam M Hawkridge
- c Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,e Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Balestrieri E, Argaw-Denboba A, Gambacurta A, Cipriani C, Bei R, Serafino A, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Matteucci C. Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in the Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells Microenvironment and Plasticity: A New Perspective for Combination Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1448. [PMID: 30013542 PMCID: PMC6036167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) has been associated with several diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurological disorders. In particular, in cancer HERV activity and expression have been specifically associated with tumor aggressiveness and patient outcomes. Cancer cell aggressiveness is intimately linked to the acquisition of peculiar plasticity and heterogeneity based on cell stemness features, as well as on the crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment. The latter is a driving factor in the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes, associated with metastasis and resistance to conventional cancer therapies. Remarkably, in different cell types and stages of development, HERV expression is mainly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and is subjected to a very precise temporal and spatial regulation according to the surrounding microenvironment. Focusing on our research experience with HERV-K involvement in the aggressiveness and plasticity of melanoma cells, this perspective aims to highlight the role of HERV-K in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The implications for a combination therapy targeted at HERVs with standard approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ayele Argaw-Denboba
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Proteomics discovery of radioresistant cancer biomarkers for radiotherapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Skvortsova I, Debbage P, Kumar V, Skvortsov S. Radiation resistance: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their enigmatic pro-survival signaling. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:39-44. [PMID: 26392376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that radiation therapy is a highly effective therapeutic approach, a small intratumoral cell subpopulation known as "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) is radiation-resistant and possesses specific molecular properties protecting it against radiation-induced damage. The exact mechanisms of this radioresistance are still not fully elucidated, but they relate to these cells' enhanced DNA repair capacities and their low intracellular ROS concentrations, resulting from their up-regulation of ROS scavengers. The low ROS content is accompanied by disturbances in cell cycle regulation, so it can be assumed that either CSCs are quiescent or dormant themselves, or that this cell population consists of at least two cell subpopulations: the normally and the slowly proliferating cells (quiescent or dormant cells). Slowly dividing CSCs show concomitant dysregulation of the signaling molecules mediating both cell cycle progression and maintenance of cell stemness. Despite a massive accumulation of data concerning the mechanisms underlying DNA damage response in CSCs, it represents a challenge to researchers in the era of personalized medicine to elucidate the role of intracellular ROS and of signaling pathways associated with the radiation resistance of these cells; there is a clear need to understand the molecular mechanisms helping CSCs to survive radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Debbage
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Skvortsov S, Arnold CR, Debbage P, Lukas P, Skvortsova I. Proteomic approach to understand metastatic spread. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:1069-77. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab); Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christoph R. Arnold
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab); Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Paul Debbage
- Department of Anatomy; Histology and Embryology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Peter Lukas
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab); Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ira Skvortsova
- Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab); Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
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9
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Cho WCS. Proteomics in translational cancer research: biomarker discovery for clinical applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 11:131-3. [PMID: 24646121 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.899908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This special focus issue of Expert Review of Proteomics invites key opinion leaders to report their recent findings and views on the important topic of translating potential proteomic biomarkers to clinically useful, regulator-approved biomarkers: a challenging journey. The issue also highlights the difficulties associated with and the way forward in the discovery of proteomic cancer biomarkers for clinical applications, as well as presenting recent original research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Health Authority, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Dubrovska A. Report on the International Workshop 'Cancer stem cells: the mechanisms of radioresistance and biomarker discovery'. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:607-14. [PMID: 24844377 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.920968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the Workshop "Cancer stem cells: The mechanisms of radioresistance and biomarker discovery", which was held on 23-24 September 2013 at OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology in Dresden, Germany, was to bring together the most recent viewpoints and insights about: (i) the molecular characterization and regulation of CSC, (ii) the mechanisms of CSC radioresistance, and (iii) the discovery of new CSC targeting therapeutics and biomarkers. In this report some research aspects presented in these three topics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden , German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg , Germany
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Skvortsov S, Debbage P, Lukas P, Skvortsova I. Crosstalk between DNA repair and cancer stem cell (CSC) associated intracellular pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:36-42. [PMID: 24954010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA damaging agents (ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutics) are considered as most effective in cancer treatment. However, there is a subpopulation of carcinoma cells within the tumour demonstrating resistance to DNA damaging treatment approaches. It is suggested that limited tumour response to this kind of therapy can be associated with specific molecular properties of carcinoma stem cells (CSCs) representing the most refractory cell subpopulation. This review article presents novel data about molecular features of CSCs underlying DNA damage response and related intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Debbage
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Lukas
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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