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Fainstein N, Dori D, Frid K, Fritz AT, Shapiro I, Gabizon R, Ben-Hur T. Chronic Progressive Neurodegeneration in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Prion Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:510. [PMID: 27891071 PMCID: PMC5104746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present pathologically with progressive structural destruction of neurons and accumulation of mis-folded proteins specific for each condition leading to brain atrophy and functional disability. Many animal models exert deposition of pathogenic proteins without an accompanying neurodegeneration pattern. The lack of a comprehensive model hinders efforts to develop treatment. We performed longitudinal quantification of cellular, neuronal and synaptic density, as well as of neurogenesis in brains of mice mimicking for genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease as compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Mice exhibited a neurodegenerative process of progressive reduction in cortical neurons and synapses starting at age of 4-6 months, in accord with neurologic disability. This was accompanied by significant decrease in subventricular/subependymal zone neurogenesis. Although increased hippocampal neurogenesis was detected in mice, a neurodegenerative process of CA1 and CA3 regions associated with impaired hippocampal-dependent memory function was observed. In conclusion, mice exhibit pathological neurodegeneration concomitant with neurological disease progression, indicating these mice can serve as a model for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexa T Fritz
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilona Shapiro
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
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Pomegranate seed oil nanoemulsions for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: the case of genetic CJD. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hamacher M, Stephan C, Eisenacher M, Hardt T, Marcus K, Meyer HE. Maintaining standardization: an update of the HUPO Brain Proteome Project. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:165-73. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cohen E, Avrahami D, Frid K, Canello T, Levy Lahad E, Zeligson S, Perlberg S, Chapman J, Cohen OS, Kahana E, Lavon I, Gabizon R. Snord 3A: a molecular marker and modulator of prion disease progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54433. [PMID: 23349890 PMCID: PMC3549992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since preventive treatments for prion disease require early identification of subjects at risk, we searched for surrogate peripheral markers characterizing the asymptomatic phases of such conditions. To this effect, we subjected blood mRNA from E200K PrP CJD patients and corresponding family members to global arrays and found that the expression of Snord3A, a non-coding RNA transcript, was elevated several times in CJD patients as compared to controls, while asymptomatic carriers presented intermediate Snord3A levels. In the brains of TgMHu2ME199K mice, a mouse model mimicking for E200K CJD, Snord 3A levels were elevated in an age and disease severity dependent manner, as was the case for brains of these mice in which disease was exacerbated by copper administration. Snord3A expression was also elevated in scrapie infected mice, but not in PrP0/0 mice, indicating that while the expression levels of this transcript may reflect diverse prion etiologies, they are not related to the loss of PrPC’s function. Elevation of Snord3A was consistent with the activation of ATF6, representing one of the arms of the unfolded protein response system. Indeed, SnoRNAs were associated with reduced resistance to oxidative stress, and with ER stress in general, factors playing a significant role in this and other neurodegenerative conditions. We hypothesize that in addition to its function as a disease marker, Snord3A may play an important role in the mechanism of prion disease manifestation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Canello
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Perlberg
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Oren S. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Esther Kahana
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Luque FA, Jaffe SL. The molecular and cellular pathogenesis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type an overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 84:151-65. [PMID: 19501717 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) remains elusive. The neurodegeneration occurring in this disease has been traditionally believed to be the result of toxicity caused by the accumulation of insoluble amyloid-beta 42 (AB) aggregates, however recent research questions this thesis and has suggested other more convincing cellular and molecular mechanisms. Dysfunction of amyloid precursor protein metabolism, AB generation/aggregation and/or degredation/clearance, tau metabolism, protein trafficking, signal transduction, heavy metal homeostasis, acetylcholine and cholesterol metabolism, have all been implicated etiologically especially as to production of neurotoxic by-products occurring as a result of a specific process derangement. In this paper, these and other research directions are discussed as well as their implications for future therapies. The relationship of the proposed abnormal molecular and cellular processes to underlying genetic mutations is also scrutinized, all in an attempt to stimulate further insight into the pathogenesis of, and thus therapeutics for this increasingly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Luque
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA
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