Bone morphogenetic proteins in total hip arthroplasty, osteonecrosis and trauma surgery

Inverted femoral head graft versus standard core decompression in nontraumatic hip osteonecrosis at minimum 3 years follow-up

PURPOSE

Numerous salvage surgeries were popularised to halt the progression of hip osteonecrosis (ON). We aimed to compare the clinico-radiological outcomes of inverted femoral head graft (IFHG) versus standard core decompression (SCD) in treatment of nontraumatic hip ON at pre-arthritic stage.

METHODS

A case review was performed at a minimum 3 years follow-up of 61 patients (71 hips; mean age 32.96 (19-50) years; mean follow-up 7.86 (3-14) years; mean body mass index 28.58 (19-46); 32 males, 29 females) suffering nontraumatic hip ON at pre-arthritic stage. 38 hips underwent SCD and 33 IFHG. The outcome was assessed by changes in modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), need for revision surgery and progression of modified Ficat-Arlet staging. Data were analysed including logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis.

RESULTS

13/34 (38.2%) hips in SCD group were revised at 4.61 ± 2.61 years, while 7/33 (21.2%) in IFHG group at 8.43 ± 4.32 years (p = 0.023). MHHS was significantly higher in IFHG group at 1 and 3 years as well as at last follow-up (p = 0.014, 0.001 and 0.023 respectively). Clinical and radiological significant differences were found in survivorship analysis between both groups, in favor of IFHG. A higher clinical failure was noted among obese patients.

CONCLUSIONS

An IFHG technique offers a better alternative regarding postoperative clinico-radiological outcomes in nontraumatic hip ON at the pre-arthritic stage. A cautious prognosis is recommended in obese patients.

A current review of non-vascularized bone grafting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Over the past three decades, non-vascularized bone grafts have been demonstrated to be viable treatments for pre- and early post-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head; however, there are limited reviews on this topic. Therefore, the purposes of this review are to (1) provide a summary of the different surgical techniques and their respective clinical outcomes and (2) evaluate new adjunct therapies. Originally, non-vascularized bone grafting was performed using the Phemister technique with varying results. More recently, newer techniques such as the lightbulb and trapdoor are used to place non-vascularized bone grafts with excellent results. The addition of various biological agents has demonstrated positive results; however, further studies are needed to confirm the best appropriate indications and to elucidate long-term results.

Steroid-associated osteonecrosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, animal model, prevention, and potential treatments (an overview)

Steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) is a common orthopaedic problem caused by administration of corticosteroids prescribed for many nonorthopaedic medical conditions. We summarised different pathophysiologies of SAON which have adverse effects on multiple systems such as bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) pool, bone matrix, cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and angiogenesis. Different animal models were introduced to mimic the pathophysiology of SAON and for testing the efficacy of both prevention and treatment effects of various chemical drugs, biological, and physical therapies. According to the classification of SAON, several prevention and treatment methods are applied at the different stages of SAON. For the current period, Chinese herbs may also have the potential to prevent the occurrence of SAON. In the future, genetic analysis might also be helpful to effectively predict the development of ON and provide information for personalised prevention and treatment of patients with SAON.