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Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the presence of wheals, angioedema, or both for at least 6 weeks. It may persist for a long time-up to 50% of the patients have been reported to be symptomatic 5 years after the onset. Some patients can suffer more than one episode of CSU during their lifetime. Considering the recurrences, disabling symptoms, and significant impact on quality of life, proper and effective treatment of CSU is critical. The use of antihistamines (AHs) is still the mainstay of treatment. However, given the low rates of response to AHs (38.6% and 63.2% to standard doses and higher doses, respectively), the complete control of symptoms seems difficult to attain. The use of omalizumab for CSU has been a major breakthrough in the care of patients with CSU. However, the partial response and lack of response to omalizumab in a subgroup of patients, as high as 70% in some studies, make the development of alternative treatments desirable. Ever-increasing knowledge on the pathogenesis is making new target molecules available and enabling drug development for CSU. In addition to drug repurposing as in anti-IL-4/13, IL-5, and IL-17 antibodies, novel targeted therapy options such as ligelizumab and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials and will be available in the near future. This article reviews the current challenges in the treatment of CSU, the pathogenesis and potential target molecules, and the rationale for novel treatments and their rapidly developing status.
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Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Ther 2020; 27:e455-e467. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Asero R, Ferrucci S, Casazza G, Marzano AV, Cugno M. Total IgE and atopic status in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria unresponsive to omalizumab treatment. Allergy 2019; 74:1561-1563. [PMID: 30801715 DOI: 10.1111/all.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia; Clinica San Carlo; Paderno Dugnano (MI) Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrucci
- UOC Dermatologia; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | - Giovanni Casazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Angelo V. Marzano
- UOC Dermatologia; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo Cugno
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- UO Medicina Interna; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
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Uysal P, Erge D. Effective treatment of different H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria phenotypes with omalizumab. Turk Arch Pediatr 2018; 53:250-254. [PMID: 30872928 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2016.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Until now, the efficiency of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria has been demonstrated in several studies. However in the literature, data showing the efficiency of omalizumab in different phenotypes of H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria are limited. In this report, the success of treatment with omalizumab from the first dose is presented in three patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, chronic autoimmune urticaria, and idiopathic angioedema, who were unresponsive to high-dose H1-antihistamine. The symptoms of all patients resolved with the first dose of omalizumab and no symptom recurrence developed during the follow-up period. In this case presentation, the effective treatment of different phenotypes of H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria is discussed with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Uysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
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Bérard F, Ferrier Le Bouedec M, Bouillet L, Reguiai Z, Barbaud A, Cambazard F, Milpied B, Pelvet B, Kasujee I, Gharbi H, Lacour J. Omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria nonresponsive to H1‐antihistamine treatment: results of the phase
IV
open‐label
SUNRISE
study. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:56-66. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Bérard
- Clinical Immunology and Allergology CH Lyon‐Sud Claude Bernard University Lyon I France
| | | | - L. Bouillet
- Department of Internal Medicine Grenoble Alpes University La Tronche France
| | - Z. Reguiai
- Dermatology Department Clinique Courlancy Reims France
| | - A. Barbaud
- Dermatology Department Hospital Tenon Paris France
| | - F. Cambazard
- Dermatology Department CHU Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - B. Milpied
- Dermatology Department St. Andre Hospital Bordeaux France
| | - B. Pelvet
- Novartis Pharma SAS Rueil‐Malmaison France
| | | | - H. Gharbi
- Novartis Pharma SAS Rueil‐Malmaison France
| | - J.P. Lacour
- Dermatology Department University Hospital of Nice France
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He GY, Tsai TF, Lin CL, Shih HM, Hsu TY. Association between sleep disorders and subsequent chronic spontaneous urticaria development: A population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11992. [PMID: 30142836 PMCID: PMC6112928 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) often have sleep disorders (SDs) because of pruritus. However, SDs might also contribute to the development of CSU. Here, we present the first population-based cohort study on the association between SDs and subsequent CSU development.This study investigated whether SDs increase the risk of CSU by using a population-based database in Taiwan.This retrospective matched-cohort study included 105,892 patients with new-onset SDs (SD cohort) and 105,892 randomly selected controls (control cohort). Each patient was monitored for 10 years to individually identify patients who were subsequently diagnosed as having CSU during the follow-up period. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk of CSU in patients with SDs compared with the controls.All relevant comorbidities were more prevalent in the SD cohort than in the control cohort (P < .001). During the follow-up period, the incidence rates of CSU among the patients with SDs and controls were 53.4 and 28.3 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities, the adjusted hazard ratio for CSU in the SD cohort was 1.83 (95% confidence interval = 1.73-1.93, P < .001).The risk of CSU was higher in the patients with SDs than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yi He
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Hong-Mo Shih
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yi Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cherrez Ojeda I, Vanegas E, Felix M, Mata V, Cherrez S, Simancas-Racines D, Greiding L, Cano J, Cherrez A, Calderon JC. Etiology of chronic urticaria: the Ecuadorian experience. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:1. [PMID: 29308115 PMCID: PMC5753451 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to identify chronic urticaria (CU) etiologies and treatment modalities in Ecuador. We propose that the sample distribution fits the expected one, and that there is an association between the etiology and its treatment. Methods We performed a retrospective study involving 112 patients diagnosed with CU using a Checklist for a complete chronic urticaria medical history. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. The etiology of CU was classified using the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline. Descriptive analyses were performed for demographical and clinical variables. Chi square tests were applied to analyze the fit of distribution and the independence of variables. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Among all the patients, 76.8% were diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), of which 22.3% had a known etiology or possible exacerbating condition. Food allergy was identified as the most common accompanying condition in patients with CSU (10.7%) (p < 0.01).. On the other hand, 23.2% inducible urticarias (CIndU) were indentified; dermographism was the most common (10.7%) (p < 0.01). Regarding treatment regimens, sg-H1-antihistamines alone represented the highest proportion (44.6%). The combination of any H1-antihistamine plus other drug was a close second (42.0%) (p < 0.01). Almost 48% of CSUs of unknown etiology were treated with any antihistamine plus another drug. In patients with known etiology, sg-antihistamines alone (44.0%) was the most common management. In addition, 53.8% of CIndUs were treated with sg-antihistamines alone. Though, these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion CSU is the most frequent subtype of CU. Modern non-sedating antihistamines in licensed doses are the drug of choice. Nevertheless, a great proportion of patients require the addition of another type of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cherrez Ojeda
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km. 2.5 vía La Puntilla, Código postal: 0901-952 Samborondón, Ecuador.,Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - E Vanegas
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km. 2.5 vía La Puntilla, Código postal: 0901-952 Samborondón, Ecuador.,Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - M Felix
- Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - V Mata
- Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - S Cherrez
- School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L Greiding
- Instituto Argentino de Alergia e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Cano
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km. 2.5 vía La Puntilla, Código postal: 0901-952 Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - A Cherrez
- Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Calderon
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km. 2.5 vía La Puntilla, Código postal: 0901-952 Samborondón, Ecuador.,Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Asero R. Serial D-dimer plasma levels in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria developing resistance to omalizumab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:667-669. [PMID: 28691309 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition presenting as the spontaneous occurrence of itchy weals with or without angio-oedema for > 6 weeks. A patient with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria who developed resistance to omalizumab is described. The patient's D-dimer plasma levels strictly paralleled the disease activity despite the administration of anti-IgE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asero
- Allergy Department, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), Milan, Italy
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Tang N, Mao MY, Zhai R, Chen X, Zhang JL, Zhu W, Li J. [Clinical characteristics of urticaria in children versus adults]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:790-795. [PMID: 28697833 PMCID: PMC7389927 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of urticaria in children versus adults, and to provide reference for the etiological analysis, disease evaluation, and treatment of urticaria in children. METHODS The clinical data of 2 411 patients with urticaria who visited the Department of Dermatology at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2013 to May 2017 were collected to study their socio-demographic characteristics. The clinical characteristics of urticaria were compared between the 68 children and 672 adults of the 740 patients with complete follow-up data. RESULTS Among the 411 pediatric patients, 314 (76.4%) had acute urticaria; among the 2 000 adult patients, 896 (44.8%) had chronic spontaneous urticaria. The causes of acute urticaria in children included infection (41%, 16/39). The accompanying symptoms of acute urticaria in children mainly included abdominal pain and diarrhea (44%, 17/39), while those in adults mainly included chest distress and shortness of breath (32%, 11/34). Compared with the adult patients, the pediatric patients had significantly lower chronic urticaria activity scores before and after treatment (P<0.05), a significantly higher rate of response to second-generation antihistamines (82.1% vs 62.2%; P<0.05), and a significantly higher proportion of individuals with a personal and family history of urticaria (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute urticaria is more commonly seen than chronic urticaria in children with urticaria, and the main accompanying symptoms are abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are different from adults with urticaria. Chronic urticaria has a better treatment outcome in children than in adults. The most frequently seen cause of acute urticaria is infection in children. Atopic children may be susceptible to urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Increased cis-to-trans urocanic acid ratio in the skin of chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1318. [PMID: 28465560 PMCID: PMC5431012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased filaggrin expression was found to be correlated with severity scores in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU); however, the role of filaggrin breakdown products (FBPs) in CSU has not been studied. We collected stratum corneum (SC) specimens from the volar forearms of 10 CSU patients, 10 AD patients, and 10 healthy normal controls (NCs) and measured contents of FBPs (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid [PCA] and urocanic acid [UCA]) using UPLC-MS/MS, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal pH. Compared to NCs, cis-UCA level was increased in CSU lesions (P < 0.05) and decreased in AD lesions (P < 0.01). The cis-to-trans-UCA ratio in SC specimens from CSU patients was significantly greater than those from AD and NC subjects. AD lesions had lower FBP and PCA contents compared to NC skin (both P < 0.001), and higher TEWL and pH compared to CSU lesions. Moreover, cis-UCA, but not trans-UCA, enhanced the IgE-mediated basophil activation, as well as IgE- and calcium-mediated degranulation of LAD-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that increased cis-to-trans UCA ratio in the epidermis is a distinct feature of CSU, which could enhance mast cell degranulation. Modulation of cis-UCA may be a potential target for skin diseases associated with IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
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Kasperska-Zajac A, Jarząb J, Żerdzińska A, Bąk K, Grzanka A. Effective treatment of different phenotypes of chronic urticaria with omalizumab: Case reports and review of literature. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:320-8. [PMID: 26729404 PMCID: PMC5806710 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015623795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the excellent efficacy and safety profile of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), there are scarce data concerning its role in the treatment of refractory cases with different phenotypes of urticaria. We describe our experience with the therapy of nine patients with CSU co-existing with delayed pressure urticaria (DPU) or angioedema or both and refractory to treatment with high-dose antihistamines. The first patient, with severe CSU and recurrent angioedema, did not respond well to cyclosporine A or corticosteroids and suffered from numerous side effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy. The second patient presented with severe symptoms of DPU, which first of all prevented any daily activities of the professional routines. Both patients showed a complete remission of urticaria after the first injection of omalizumab. The third patient with CSU and severe DPU had been ineffectively treated for more than 20 years with various medications. Following the administration of omalizumab, the symptoms of CSU subsided but those of DPU intensified, and the drug was withdrawn after two cycles. In another four patients with refractory CSU and angioedema, the symptoms subsided after the first administration of omalizumab, and the patients have been in remission for about 5 weeks. In the remaining two patients, the symptoms did not resolve despite four 300 mg doses of omalizumab. It is important to establish a therapeutic regimen with omalizumab (150-300 mg; every 4-8 weeks) tailored to individual patient's needs and dependent on the type of urticaria; this may minimize unnecessary the medication exposure, adverse drug effects, and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kasperska-Zajac
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - J Jarząb
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - A Żerdzińska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - K Bąk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - A Grzanka
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1742-1750.e4. [PMID: 27040372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined by itchy hives, angioedema, or both for at least 6 weeks. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody that affects mast cell and basophil function, is a promising new treatment option. As of now, however, the efficacy and safety of different doses of omalizumab used in clinical trials for CSU have not been systematically analyzed and summarized. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of different doses of omalizumab for the treatment of CSU in a meta-analysis of clinical trial results. METHODS Suitable trials were identified by searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases and with the help of omalizumab's manufacturers. Only double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies with omalizumab-treated versus placebo-treated patients with CSU were included in this analysis. RESULTS We identified 7 randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 1312 patients with CSU. Patients treated with omalizumab (75-600 mg every 4 weeks) had significantly reduced weekly itch and weekly wheal scores compared with the placebo group. Omalizumab's effects were dose dependent, with the strongest reduction in weekly itch and weekly wheal scores observed with 300 mg. Rates of complete response were significantly higher in the omalizumab group (relative risk, 4.55; P < .00001) and dose dependent, with the highest rates in the 300-mg group. Rates of patients with adverse events were similar in the omalizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with CSU and for treating these patients with 300 mg of omalizumab every 4 weeks.
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