Lenalidomide for mantle cell lymphoma

Application of a double-colour upconversion nanofluorescent probe for targeted imaging of mantle cell lymphoma

Upconversion nanoparticles are a new type of fluorescent marker in biomedical imaging that can convert a longer wavelength (such as near-infrared fluorescence) into a shorter wavelength (such as visible light). Mantle cell lymphoma, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype (CD20+, CD5+). To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates. These antibody-UCNP conjugates were used as fluorescent probes to detect the CD20 or CD5 antigen. Due to the excessive expression of these antigens on the surface of MCL cells and successful strong connection between the antibody and UCNPs, the latter could specifically combine with mantle cell lymphoma cells. Upon near-infrared excitation at 980 nm, cells labelled with UCNPs emitted bright upconversion fluorescence.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Lenalidomide in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Hematologic Malignancies

A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of lenalidomide was developed using data pooled from 13 clinical studies (dose range, 5-400 mg) in participants who were considered to have adequate capability for renal excretion of lenalidomide (creatinine clearance [CrCl] > 50 mL/min). The analysis population included 305 healthy volunteers and 83 patients with multiple myeloma or myelodysplastic syndromes. A 1-compartment model with linear absorption and elimination described well the observed data for both healthy volunteers and patients. Covariate analysis suggested lenalidomide apparent clearance was positively correlated with CrCl, and lenalidomide volume of distribution was positively correlated with body weight. Both pharmacokinetic parameters were reduced by 29% in patients, independent of the effect of CrCl or body weight. Despite their statistical significance, effects of study population and body weight are considered clinically unimportant in adult patients with CrCl > 50 mL. After accounting for the above effects, body weight had no significant effect on CL/F, whereas age, sex, race, and mild hepatic impairment had no significant effect on either lenalidomide parameter. The PopPK model should be useful for future modeling of lenalidomide pharmacokinetics in the pediatric population and for further comparison of pharmacokinetic properties among structurally similar immunomodulatory drugs.