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Mangiafico S, Bertani H, Pigò F, Russo S, Lupo M, Cocca S, Grande G, Germani U, Manta R, Conigliaro R. A New Step-Up Dual Endoscopic Approach for Large-Size Infected Pancreatic Necrosis: Percutaneous Endoscopic Necrosectomy Followed by Transluminal Endoscopic Drainage/Necrosectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:156-162. [PMID: 38421183 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis in 10% to 20% of cases can be associated with necrosis of the pancreatic gland, peripancreatic tissue, or both. We report a case series of a new endoscopic approach to treat infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with IPN, extending from the perigastric area up to the paracolic gutters or into the pelvis, were prospectively studied from January 2017 to June 2022. The treatment protocol was radiologic percutaneous drainage as the first step, followed by fully covered metal stent placement (FC-SEMS) in the track of the catheter. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) was performed 2 to 4 days later using a flexible endoscope through the percutaneous tract. About 2 to 4 weeks later, when a matured sac was visible, EUS-guided endoscopic transluminal drainage (ETD) with lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) was performed. Control of sepsis with resolution of collection(s) was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS We included 18 patients, males in 50% of cases with age 60±12 years old. Most frequent cause of pancreatitis was biliary (7 cases) followed by alcoholic in 6 cases; in 3 cases pancreatitis was caused by hyperlipemia and in 2 cases was idiopathic. Mean size of WON was 18±2 cm. For PEN, SEMSs used were esophageal FC-SEMS. LAMS used for ETD were Hot Axios, Hot Spaxus and Nagistent. Mean time of endoscopic intervention for PEN and ETD was 18±3 and 37±4 days, respectively. In 5 cases adverse events occurred: 3 cases of overinflations resolved with introduction of Verres needles in abdomen. In 2 cases postprocedural GI bleeding required endoscopic intervention. In all cases control of sepsis was reached together with resolution of collections. No cases of deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS Step-up percutaneous and transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy therapy is an effective strategy for large-size IPN with combined central and peripheral necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Mangiafico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Helga Bertani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Flavia Pigò
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Marinella Lupo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Silvia Cocca
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Ugo Germani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Manta
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Conigliaro
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
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Baroud S, Chandrasekhara V, Storm AC, Law RJ, Vargas EJ, Levy MJ, Mahmoud T, Bazerbachi F, Bofill-Garcia A, Ghazi R, Maselli DB, Martin JA, Vege SS, Takahashi N, Petersen BT, Topazian MD, Abu Dayyeh BK. A Protocolized Management of Walled-Off Necrosis (WON) Reduces Time to WON Resolution and Improves Outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2543-2550.e1. [PMID: 37164115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with infected or symptomatic walled-off necrosis (WON) have high morbidity and health care utilization. Despite the recent adoption of nonsurgical treatment approaches, WON management remains nonalgorithmic. We investigated the impact of a protocolized early necrosectomy approach compared with a nonprotocolized, clinician-driven approach on important clinical outcomes. METHODS Records were reviewed for consecutive patients with WON who underwent a protocolized endoscopic drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent (cases), and for patients with WON treated with a lumen-apposing metal stent at the same tertiary referral center who were not managed according to the protocol (control subjects). The protocol required repeat cross-sectional imaging within 14 days after lumen-apposing metal stent placement, with regularly scheduled endoscopic necrosectomy if WON diameter reduction was <50%. Control patients were treated according to their clinician's preference without an a priori strategy. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted analysis was used to evaluate the influence of being in the protocolized group on time to resolution. RESULTS A total of 24 cases and 47 control subjects were included. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Although numbers of endoscopies and necrosectomies were similar, cases had lower adverse event rates, shorter intensive care unit stay, and required nutritional support for fewer days. On matched multivariate Cox regression, cases had earlier WON resolution (hazard ratio, 5.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.62-12.5). This was confirmed in the inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted analysis (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.92-6.01). CONCLUSIONS A protocolized strategy resulted in faster WON resolution compared with a discretionary approach without the need for additional therapeutic interventions, and with a better safety profile and decreased health care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Baroud
- Department of Internal Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Andrew C Storm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryan J Law
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric J Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tala Mahmoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fateh Bazerbachi
- St. Cloud Interventional Endoscopy Program, CentraCare, St. Cloud Hospital, St. Cloud, Minnesota
| | | | - Rabih Ghazi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel B Maselli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John A Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Santhi Swaroop Vege
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Bret T Petersen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark D Topazian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Gurakar M, Faghih M, Akshintala VS, Bhullar FA, Kanthasamy K, Khashab MA, Kamal A, Zaheer A, He J, Afghani E, Singh VK. Factors Associated With Serial Lipase Measurement in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2023; 52:e293-e297. [PMID: 37816173 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the factors associated with serial lipase measurement in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Patients admitted to Johns Hopkins Health System between September 2019 and August 2020 with lipase ≥3 times upper limit normal were prospectively identified. Acute pancreatitis was defined using revised Atlanta criteria. Serial lipase measurement was defined as >2 lipase measurements on consecutive days within 7 days of presentation. RESULTS There were 294 patients with AP with mean age 52.4 ± 16 years (SD), and 155 (52.7%) were male. A total of 227 (77.2%) were admitted to a medical service. There were 111 (37.7%) who underwent serial lipase measurements. There were 89 (30.8%), 36 (12.2%), 6 (1%), and 40 (13.6%) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome at time of initial lipase measurement, persistent organ failure, necrosis on admission, and intensive care unit admission. Serial lipase measurements were more likely to be obtained in patients admitted to surgical services (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-13.2; P = 0.01) and nontertiary hospitals (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.9; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION More than one-third of AP patients undergo serial lipase measurements. This practice is more likely to occur on surgical services and in nontertiary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahya Faghih
- Pancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Furqan A Bhullar
- Division of Internal Medicine, St Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin He
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
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Gjeorgjievski M, Bhurwal A, Chouthai AA, Abdelqader A, Gaidhane M, Shahid H, Tyberg A, Sarkar A, Kahaleh M. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) for treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2023; 11:E258-E267. [PMID: 36968976 PMCID: PMC10036203 DOI: 10.1055/a-1935-4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims
Endoscopic necrosectomy is limited by the proximity of necrosis to the gastrointestinal tract. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) is a minimally invasive endoscopic method of percutaneous debridement. Studies regarding its efficacy and safety are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of PEN in necrotizing pancreatitis.
Methods
Pubmed, Ovid, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science Database were searched from inception through February 2021. Dual extraction and quality assessment of studies using Cochrane risk of bias tool were performed independently by two authors. The primary outcome was defined as clinical success of PEN. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural morbidity, mortality, and long-term morbidity and mortality.
Results
Sixteen observational studies including 282 subjects were analyzed. The average reported age of the participants was 50.3 years. Patients with reported gender included 39 % females and 61 % males. The success rate as defined by complete resolution of necrosis and removal of drainage catheters/stents was 82 % (95 % confidence interval 77–87). The mean size of pancreatic necrosis was 14.86 cm (5–54 cm). The periprocedural morbidity rate was 10 %, while there was no reported periprocedural mortality. The long-term morbidity rate was reported as 23 % and mortality at follow-up was 16 %.
Conclusions
PEN is a novel method of endoscopic management of pancreatic necrosis. Based on our meta-analysis of retrospective studies, it represents a safe treatment modality with high rates of clinical success and low rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study supports the use of PEN when conventional endoscopic therapy is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihajlo Gjeorgjievski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Abishek Bhurwal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Abhishek A. Chouthai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Abdelhai Abdelqader
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Monica Gaidhane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Haroon Shahid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Amy Tyberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Avik Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Michel Kahaleh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
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5
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Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Surg Open Sci 2022; 11:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdallah M, Vantanasiri K, Young S, Azeem N, Amateau SK, Mallery S, Freeman ML, Trikudanathan G. Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms in necrotizing pancreatitis: risk of early bleeding with lumen-apposing metal stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:1150-1157. [PMID: 34871553 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Visceral artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of PSA in NP. METHODS All NP patients managed at our institution between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database for PSA. Demographics, clinical presentation, method of diagnosis, management, and outcomes were collected. RESULTS Thirty-nine of 607 patients (6.4%) with NP had a confirmed diagnosis of PSA. Demographics, presence of infected necrosis, development of organ failure(s), and severity of disease were similar between PSA and no PSA. Endoscopic and percutaneous drainages for walled-off necrosis (WON) were more common in the PSA group. Seven patients developed PSA without requiring any intervention for WON, and 17 patients (43.6%) had lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) placed before PSA diagnosis. The time from NP diagnosis to PSA diagnosis was shorter in these patients (n = 17) compared with the remaining patients (n=22; 47 days [interquartile range {IQR}: 17-85] vs 109 days [IQR: 61-180.5, P=0.009]). In addition, 7 of 11 patients (63.6%) with early PSA (defined by <3 weeks from index cystgastrostomy/cystduodenostomy) had an indwelling LAMS at the time of the PSA diagnosis. Seventy-seven percent of patients presented with anemia, 74.3% with GI bleeding, and 30% with hemorrhagic shock. CT was diagnostic for PSA in 83.9% with a false-negative rate of 16.1%. Splenic (50%) and gastroduodenal (28%) arteries were the most common arteries involved by PSA. Angiography and embolization for PSA were successful in 33 of 35 patients. In-hospital mortality was observed in 9 patients (23.1%). CONCLUSIONS Although visceral artery PSA affects a small percentage of NP patients, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition, bleeding from PSA induced by erosion of LAMSs may occur in the first 2 weeks, prompting individualization of removal intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdallah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kornpong Vantanasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shamar Young
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nabeel Azeem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stuart K Amateau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin L Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Percutaneous Catheter Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Pickens RC, Sulzer JK, Cochran A, Vrochides D, Martinie JB, Baker EH, Ocuin LM, Iannitti DA. Retrospective Validation of an Algorithmic Treatment Pathway for Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481908500834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of surgical intervention for necrotizing pancreatitis has evolved; however, no widely accepted algorithm has been established to guide timing and optimal modality in the minimally invasive era. This study aimed to retrospectively validate an established institutional timing- and physiologic-based algorithm constructed from evidence-based guidelines in a high-volume hepatopancreatobiliary center. Patients with necrotizing pancreatitis requiring early (≤six weeks from symptom onset) or delayed (>six weeks) surgical intervention were reviewed over a four-year period (n = 100). Early intervention was provided through laparoscopic drain-guided retroperitoneal debridement (n = 15) after failed percutaneous drainage unless they required an emergent laparotomy (due to abdominal compartment syndrome, bowel necrosis/perforation, or hemorrhage) after which conservative, sequential open necrosectomy was performed (n = 47). Robot-assisted (n = 16) versus laparoscopic (n = 22) transgastric cystgastrostomy for the delayed management of walled-off pancreatic necrosis was compared, including patient factors, operative characteristics, and 90-day clinical outcomes. Major complications after early debridement were similarly high (open 25% and drain-guided 27%), yet 90-day mortality was low (open 8.5% and drain-guided 7.1%). Patient and operative characteristics and 90-day outcomes were statistically similar for robotic versus laparoscopic transgastric cystogastrostomy. Our evidence-based algorithm provides a stepwise approach for the management of necrotizing pancreatitis, emphasizing minimally invasive early and late interventions when feasible with low morbidity and mortality. Robot-assisted transgastric cystogastrostomy is an acceptable alternative to a laparoscopic approach for the delayed treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Pickens
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - Jesse K. Sulzer
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - Allyson Cochran
- Carolinas Center for Surgical Outcomes Science, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Dionisios Vrochides
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - John B. Martinie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - Erin H. Baker
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - Lee M. Ocuin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
| | - David A. Iannitti
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina and
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Trikudanathan G, Hashmi H, Dirweesh A, Amateau S, Azeem N, Mallery S, Freeman ML. Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopy (STE) for debridement of necrotic collections with deep retroperitoneal extension: a case series (with video): Meeting presentations: Digestive Disease Week 2018. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E668-E672. [PMID: 32355886 PMCID: PMC7165004 DOI: 10.1055/a-1134-4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Infected necrotic collections extending deep into the retroperitoneum may not be amenable solely to endoscopic necrosectomy. Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopic necrosectomy was conceived to maximize debridement and obviate the need for open necrosectomy or video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Patients and methods Patients who underwent simultaneous rendezvous transgastric and sinus tract endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy at the same session were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, immediate and late complications were evaluated. Results Among 415 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, four patients (three males, median age 47 years) underwent this intervention after a median 29.5 days following placement of percutaneous drain. Intra-procedural bleeding following dilation of percutaneous tract required placement of esophageal stent for tamponade. No patients required rescue open necrosectomy or video assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Complete removal of percutaneous drains was accomplished in all patients after a median of 78.5 days. Conclusions Our novel approach is safe and effective and can expand the available armamentarium for management of large necrotic collection with deep retroperitoneal extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Hiba Hashmi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ahmed Dirweesh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stuart Amateau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Nabeel Azeem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Martin L. Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Gornals JB, Perez-Miranda M, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Vila J, Esteban JM, Gonzalez-Huix F, Guarner-Argente C, Sanchez-Yague A, Teran A, Bas-Cutrina F, De La Serna C, De Paredes AG, Ballester R, Velasquez-Rodriguez J, Salord S, Tebe C, Hereu P, Videla S. Multicenter study of plastic vs. self-expanding metal stents in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis - PROMETHEUS: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Trials 2019; 20:791. [PMID: 31888751 PMCID: PMC6937819 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It seems that lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are displacing plastic stents in the therapy of pancreatic-fluid collection in walled-off necrosis (WON). To date, there is no quality of evidence to recommend LAMS as the standard treatment in the management of WON. The theoretical benefit of LAMS over plastic stents needs to be proven. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomized controlled, multicenter, prospective clinical trial with two parallel groups, without masking. One-hundred and fourteen patients with WON will undergo endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural draining in nine tertiary hospitals in Spain and will be randomized to the LAMS or plastic-stent group. The primary endpoint is the short-term (4 weeks) clinical success determined by the reduction of the collection (to < 50% or < 5 cm in size), along with clinical improvement. Secondary endpoints: long-term (4 months) clinical success (total resolution or 5 cm), procedure duration, level of difficulty, safety, and recurrences. DISCUSSION The PROMETHEUS trial has been designed to determine whether LAMS are superior to plastic stents in EUS-guided transmural drainage of WON. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03100578. Registered on 4 April 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan B Gornals
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vila
- Endoscopy Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M Esteban
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alvaro Teran
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Francesc Bas-Cutrina
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Garcia De Paredes
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julio Velasquez-Rodriguez
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Salord
- Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Tebe
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Hereu
- Clinical Research and Clinical Trial Unit (UICEC IDIBELL), Plataforma SCRen, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebas Videla
- Clinical Research and Clinical Trial Unit (UICEC IDIBELL), Plataforma SCRen, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Nguyen AK, Song AJ, Swopes T, Ko A, Lim BS. Percutaneous Endoscopic Necrosectomy of Complex Walled-Off Lateral Necrosis of the Pancreas with the Aid of Laparoscopic Babcock Forceps: A Case Report of an Endoscopic and Radiologic Team Approach. Perm J 2019; 23:18-230. [PMID: 31314716 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/18-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The initial therapeutic intervention for infected necrotizing pancreatitis usually begins with endoscopic cystogastrostomy for drainage, followed by endoscopic necrosectomy. Endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy is commonly performed transluminally through transgastric or transduodenal routes. This case describes necrosectomy via a transcutaneous route for laterally located walled-off pancreatic necrosis and the novel use of Babcock forceps for an obstructed fully covered metal stent. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. After multiple admissions and repeated abdominal imaging, she was found to have laterally located, infected, walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Initially, a drainage catheter was placed by an interventional radiologist and was eventually upsized to a 28F catheter. Subsequently, a fully covered metal stent was placed in the gastroenterology suite under fluoroscopic guidance and was used to gain access for percutaneous sessions of necrosectomy. A percutaneous sinus tract endoscopic necrosectomy was performed under direct endoscopic view. However, difficulties occurred with removing necrotic debris even through this large covered stent. Thus, laparoscopic Babcock forceps were used under fluoroscopy to remove lodged debris from the midstent. Repeat abdominal computed tomography scan 3 days after necrosectomy showed near resolution of the walled-off pancreatic necrosis. DISCUSSION This Babcock technique with endoscopic necrosectomy has not been previously described in the literature, to our knowledge. Babcock forceps were an ideal tool in our case because they were able to gain access to the obstruction in the stent, but the "teeth" are small and dull enough to prevent from catching onto the metal stent mesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Nguyen
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside Medical Center, CA
| | - Andrew J Song
- Department of Radiology, Riverside Medical Center, CA
| | - Tanya Swopes
- Department of Surgery, Riverside Medical Center, CA
| | - Albert Ko
- Department of Surgery, Riverside Medical Center, CA
| | - Brian S Lim
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine.,Department of Gastroenterology, Riverside Medical Center, CA
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Trikudanathan G, Wolbrink DRJ, van Santvoort HC, Mallery S, Freeman M, Besselink MG. Current Concepts in Severe Acute and Necrotizing Pancreatitis: An Evidence-Based Approach. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1994-2007.e3. [PMID: 30776347 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of acute pancreatitis continues to rise, inducing substantial medical and social burden, with annual costs exceeding $2 billion in the United States alone. Although most patients develop mild pancreatitis, 20% develop severe and/or necrotizing pancreatitis, requiring advanced medical and interventional care. Morbidity resulting from local and systemic complications as well as invasive interventions result in mortality rates historically as high as 30%. There has been substantial evolution of strategies for interventions in recent years, from open surgery to minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic step-up approaches. In contrast to the advances in invasive procedures for complications, early management still lacks curative options and consists of adequate fluid resuscitation, analgesics, and monitoring. Many challenges remain, including comprehensive management of the entire spectrum of the disease, which requires close involvement of multiple disciplines at specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | | | - Hjalmar C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, the University Medical Center Utrecht and the St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martin Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Analysis of a Step-Up Approach Versus Primary Open Surgical Necrosectomy in the Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Experience in a Cohort of Patients at a US Academic Medical Center. Pancreas 2018; 47:1317-1321. [PMID: 30211807 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing number of providers have begun to use a minimally invasive step-up approach as opposed to traditional surgical necrosectomy in the management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Studies have shown mixed results, thus we hypothesized that the step-up approach is safer and associated with decreased mortality and length of stay (LOS). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted from January 2010 to March 2015 who underwent interventions for walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Primary outcomes included LOS after intervention and mortality, in-hospital and 90-day, with secondary outcomes of procedural complications. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients developed WOPN requiring intervention during the study period. In-hospital mortality was 5.6% (n = 2) in the step-up cohort compared with 18.2% (n = 6) in the surgical cohort (relative risk, 3.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-15.09). Ninety-day mortality was 9.1% (n = 3) in the step-up cohort and 21.9% (n = 7) in the surgical cohort (relative risk, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-8.50). Postintervention LOS was 8 days in the step-up cohort and 17 days in the surgical cohort (P = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS A step-up approach, as compared with primary surgical necrosectomy in the management of WOPN, results in clinically significant decreases in mortality and LOS.
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Wang YB, Yang XL, Chen L, Chen ZJ, Miao CM, Xia J. Retroperitoneal versus open intraperitoneal necrosectomy in step-up therapy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 56:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nemoto Y, Attam R, Arain MA, Trikudanathan G, Mallery S, Beilman GJ, Freeman ML. Interventions for walled off necrosis using an algorithm based endoscopic step-up approach: Outcomes in a large cohort of patients. Pancreatology 2017; 17:663-668. [PMID: 28803859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The minimally invasive step-up approach for treatment of walled off necrosis (WON) involves drainage followed by later necrosectomy as needed, and is superior to primary surgical necrosectomy. Reported series of endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy include highly selected patients. We report outcomes of a large series of patients with WON managed by an algorithm based on an endoscopically centered step-up approach. METHODS Consecutive patients with necrotizing pancreatitis from 2009 to 2014, with intervention only for infected or persistently symptomatic WON. The primary approach involved endoscopic transluminal drainage plus minus necrosectomy whenever feasible, with percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) plus minus sinus tract endoscopy if not feasible or sufficient. Surgery was reserved for failures of the step up approach. RESULTS Of 109 consecutive patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, intervention was required in 83, including endoscopic transluminal drainage in 73 (88%) (alone in 49 and combined with PCD in 24), and PCD alone in 10 (12%). 64 (77%) of the 83 patients required endoscopic transluminal and/or sinus tract necrosectomy. Adverse events occurred in 11 (13%). Three patients (4%) failed step up approach and required open surgical necrosectomy. All-cause mortality occurred in 6 (7%) of 83 patients after intervention, including 2 of 3 requiring surgery. CONCLUSIONS An algorithm based step-up approach for interventions in necrotizing pancreatitis using primarily endoscopic techniques with adjunctive percutaneous approaches as needed resulted in favorable outcomes with small numbers proceeding to open surgery, and with acceptable rates of major complications and mortality. A purely endoscopic transluminal approach was feasible in approximately 60% of patients requiring intervention in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kohsei Chuo General Hospital, Japan
| | - Rajeev Attam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States; Advanced Endoscopy, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Downey, United States
| | - Mustafa A Arain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Guru Trikudanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Shawn Mallery
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States
| | | | - Martin L Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States.
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Dhar VK, Sutton JM, Xia BT, Levinsky NC, Wilson GC, Smith M, Choe KA, Moulton J, Vu D, Ristagno R, Sussman JJ, Edwards MJ, Abbott DE, Ahmad SA. Fistulojejunostomy Versus Distal Pancreatectomy for the Management of the Disconnected Pancreas Remnant Following Necrotizing Pancreatitis. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:1121-1127. [PMID: 28397026 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disconnected distal pancreas (DDP) remnant is a morbid sequela of necrotizing pancreatitis. Definitive surgical management can be accomplished by either fistulojejunostomy (FJ) or distal pancreatectomy (DP). It is unclear which operative approach is superior with regard to short- and long-term outcomes. METHODS Between 2002 and 2014, patients undergoing either FJ or DP for DDP were retrospectively identified at a center specializing in pancreatic diseases. Patient demographics, perioperative, and postoperative variables were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-two patients with DDP secondary to necrotizing pancreatitis underwent either a FJ (n = 21) or DP (n = 21). Between the two cohorts, there were no significant differences in overall lengths of stay, pancreatic leak rates, or readmission rates (all p > 0.05). DP was associated with higher estimated blood loss, increased transfusion requirements, and worsening endocrine function (all p < 0.05). At a median follow-up of 18 months, four patients that underwent a FJ developed a recurrent fluid collection requiring re-intervention. Overall, FJ was successful in 80% of patients as compared to a 95% success rate for DP (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Although DP was associated with higher intraoperative blood loss, increased transfusion requirements, and worsening of preoperative diabetes, this procedure provides superior long-term resolution of a DDP when compared to FJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrom K Dhar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Brent T Xia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Nick C Levinsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Milton Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kyuran A Choe
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Moulton
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Doan Vu
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ross Ristagno
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Sussman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, SRU Room 1466, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
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Dua MM, Worhunsky DJ, Malhotra L, Park WG, Poultsides GA, Norton JA, Visser BC. Transgastric pancreatic necrosectomy-expedited return to prepancreatitis health. J Surg Res 2017; 219:11-17. [PMID: 29078869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best operative strategy for necrotizing pancreatitis remains controversial. Traditional surgical necrosectomy is associated with significant morbidity; endoscopic and percutaneous strategies require repeated interventions with prolonged hospitalizations. We have developed a transgastric approach to pancreatic necrosectomy to overcome the shortcomings of the other techniques described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with necrotizing pancreatitis treated from 2009 to 2016 at an academic center were retrospectively reviewed. Open or laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy was performed if the area of necrosis was walled-off and in a retrogastric position on cross-sectional imaging. Study endpoints included postoperative complications and mortality. RESULTS Forty-six patients underwent transgastric necrosectomy (nine open and 37 laparoscopic). Median (interquartile range) preoperative Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 6 (3-12). Seventy percent of patients had >30% necrosis on preoperative imaging; infected necrosis was present in 35%. Median total length of stay (LOS) was 6 (3-12) d. No patient required a second operative debridement; four patients (9%) had short-term postoperative percutaneous drainage for residual fluid collections. Median follow-up was 1 y; there were no fistula or wound complications. Six patients (13%) had postoperative bleeding; five patients received treatment by image-guided embolization. There was one death in the cohort. CONCLUSIONS Transgastric pancreatic necrosectomy allows for effective debridement with a single definitive operation. When anatomically suitable, this operative strategy offers expedited recovery and avoids long-term morbidity associated with fistulas and prolonged drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Dua
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - David J Worhunsky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lavina Malhotra
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Walter G Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - George A Poultsides
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brendan C Visser
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis results in nearly 250,000 admissions annually. Acute pancreatitis varies widely in its clinical presentation. Pancreatic necrosis accounts for substantial additional morbidity, with mortality rates remaining as high as 10% to 20% despite advances in critical care. The extent of necrosis correlates well with the incidence of infected necrosis, multiorgan failure, need for pancreatic debridement, and morbidity and mortality. Having established the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis, goals of appropriately aggressive resuscitation should be established and adhered to in a multidisciplinary approach involving both medical and surgical critical care.
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Dua MM, Worhunsky DJ, Tran TB, Rumma RT, Poultsides GA, Norton JA, Park WG, Visser BC. Severe acute pancreatitis in the community: confusion reigns. J Surg Res 2015; 199:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hu ZL, Kang PC, Cui YF. Percutaneous catheter drainage in severe acute pancreatitis: Application and problems. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4215-4220. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i26.4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease which has a number of complications and a high mortality rate. The prognosis had improved much since the use of multidisciplinary comprehensive therapy and minimally invasive treatment in this disease. Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) can be used as a step-up minimally invasive treatment for SAP, and as a bridge between internal conservative therapy and open surgery for removal of necrotic tissue. PCD has a therapeutic effect on the local complications of SAP, such as abdominal free effusion, retroperitoneal necrosis infection and pancreatic pseudocyst, and can help to choose the operation timing when the necrotic tissue encapsulation is confirmed in patients with SAP. Clinical therapy should be slected based on the lesion location, quantity and consistency of effusion. When the effusion is located in shallow location, PCD shuold be guided by ultrasound; if the effusion is located in location deep, CT guidance should be adopted. After PCD is finished, the catheter should be cared carefully by keeping the drainage tube patent, rinsing the tube and adjusting its position in time. All of these are the necessary measures to maintain the PCD effectively. When the drainage fluid is less than 10 mL/d and imaging shows that the lesions disappear, it is the best time to remove the tube.
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Stahl CC, Moulton J, Vu D, Ristagno R, Choe K, Sussman JJ, Shah SA, Ahmad SA, Abbott DE. Routine use of U-tube drainage for necrotizing pancreatitis: a step toward less morbidity and resource utilization. Surgery 2015; 158:919-26; discussion 926-8. [PMID: 26271525 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A U-tube drainage catheter (UTDC) is a novel intervention for necrotizing pancreatitis, with multiple benefits: bidirectional flushing, greater interface with large fluid collections, less risk of dislodgement, and creation of a large-diameter fistula tract for potential fistulojejunostomy. We report the first clinical experience with UTDC for necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS From 2011 to 2014, all patients undergoing UTDC for necrotizing pancreatitis at our institution were identified. Clinical variables including patient, disease, and intervention-specific characteristics as well as long-term outcomes populated our dataset. RESULTS Twenty-two patients underwent UTDC for necrotizing pancreatitis; the median follow-up was 10.2 months. Necrotizing pancreatitis was most commonly owing to gallstones (n = 9; 41%), idiopathic disease (n = 5; 23%), and alcohol abuse (n = 4; 18%). During the course of UTDC and definitive operative therapy (when required), patients had median hospital stays of 31 days, 6 interventional radiology procedures, and 6 CT scans. Operative intervention was not necessary in 9 patients (41%). Among the other 13 patients, 4 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy/splenectomy, 8 had a fistulojejunostomy performed, and 1 underwent both procedures. CONCLUSION UTDC for necrotizing pancreatitis patients is associated with effective drainage and low morbidity/hospital resource utilization. With skilled interventional radiologists and multidisciplinary coordination, this technique is a valuable means of minimizing morbidity for patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Moulton
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Doan Vu
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ross Ristagno
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kyuran Choe
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Shimul A Shah
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
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Abdominal paracentesis drainage ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage benefits patients attacked by acute pancreatitis with fluid collections: a retrospective clinical cohort study. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:109-19. [PMID: 25251762 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided abdominal paracentesis drainage ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage as the new second step of a step-up approach are evaluated. DESIGN The observed parameters were compared between groups including mortality, infection, organ failure, inflammatory factor levels, indexes of further interventions, and drainage-related complications. PATIENTS This retrospective study included 102 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis from June 2009 to June 2011. INTERVENTIONS In this step-up approach, all patients subsequently received medical management, percutaneous catheter drainage (with or without previous abdominal paracentesis drainage), and necrosectomy if necessary according to indications. The patients were divided into two groups: 53 cases underwent abdominal paracentesis drainage followed by percutaneous catheter drainage (abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group) and 49 cases were managed only with percutaneous catheter drainage (percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The demographic data and severity scores of the two groups were comparable. The mortality rate was lower in the abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group (0%) than the percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group (8.2%) (p = 0.050). Compared with the percutaneous catheter drainage-alone group, the laboratory variables of the abdominal paracentesis drainage + percutaneous catheter drainage group decreased more rapidly, the mean number of failed organs was lower, and the interval from the onset of disease to further interventions was much longer. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence and duration of infections between the two groups. CONCLUSION Application of abdominal paracentesis drainage ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage is safe and beneficial to patients by reducing inflammatory factors, postponing further interventions, and delaying or avoiding multiple organ failure.
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Ruiz-Clavijo D, Higuera BGDL, Vila JJ. Advances in the endoscopic management of pancreatic collections. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7:381-388. [PMID: 25901217 PMCID: PMC4400627 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of pancreatic collections has experienced great progress in recent years with the emergence of alternative minimally invasive techniques comparing to the classic surgical treatment. Such techniques have been shown to improve outcomes of morbidity vs surgical treatment. The recent emergence of endoscopic drainage is noteworthy. The advent of endoscopic ultrasonography has been crucial for treatment of these specific lesions. They can be characterized, their relationships with neighboring structures can be evaluated and the drainage guided by this technique has been clearly improved compared with the conventional endoscopic drainage. Computed tomography is the technique of choice to characterize the recently published new classification of pancreatic collections. For this reason, the radiologist’s role establishing and classifying in a rigorously manner the collections according to the new nomenclature is essential to making therapeutic decisions. Ideal scenario for comprehensive treatment of these collections would be those centers with endoscopic ultrasound and interventional radiology expertise together with hepatobiliopancreatic surgery. This review describes the different types of pancreatic collections: acute peripancreatic fluid collection, pancreatic pseudocysts, acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis; the indications and the contraindications for endoscopic drainage, the drainage technique and their outcomes. The integrated management of pancreatic collections according to their type and evolution time is discussed.
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25
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Trimetazidine significantly reduces cerulein-induced pancreatic apoptosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:145-50. [PMID: 25001186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute pancreatitis continues to be associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic options are still very limited. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of trimetazidine on cerulein-induced pancreatic apoptosis and histopathological and biochemistrical consequences of acute pancreatitis. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups (group 1: control group; group 2: acute pancreatitis group; group 3: acute pancreatitis and trimetazidine treatment group; group 4: placebo group). Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous cerulein injection (20 μg/kg) four times at one-hour intervals. Trimetazidine was prepared in suspension form. In group 3, after gas anesthesia, trimetazidine was administrated to rats via a catheter. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, amylase, lipase and leukocyte levels, pancreatic apoptotic status and pancreatic Schoenberg scores were determined for all groups. Results are given as the mean ± SD. A value of P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. SPSS for Windows v15.0 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS In the acute pancreatitis group IL-1β, amylase, lipase and leukocyte levels were elevated and pancreatic histopathological evaluation revealed a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis IL-1β amylase and lipase levels and pancreatic inflammation were decreased significantly in the trimetazidine group (P<0.01). White blood cell counts and TNF-α concentrations for the trimetazidine group and the acute pancreatitis group were not significantly different. Trimetazidine significantly reduced apoptosis in pancreatic tissues and Schoenberg scores were also significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that trimetazidine treatment significantly decreases the levels of IL-1β, amylase and lipase reduces pancreatic apoptosis and ameliorates the histopathological findings of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Trimetazidine could be a new therapeutic option in the early treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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YAMAMIYA A, KITAMURA K, ISHII Y, SATO Y, IWATA T, NOMOTO T, HONMA T, YOSHIDA H. Usefulness of Continuous Regional Arterial Infusion with Doripenem and Protease Inhibitors for Severe Acute Pancreatitis. THE SHOWA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15369/sujms.27.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira YAMAMIYA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuya KITAMURA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yu ISHII
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiki SATO
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoyuki IWATA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomohiro NOMOTO
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tadashi HONMA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi YOSHIDA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
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Chang YC. Is necrosectomy obsolete for infected necrotizing pancreatitis? Is a paradigm shift needed? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16925-16934. [PMID: 25493005 PMCID: PMC4258561 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1886, Senn stated that removing necrotic pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue would benefit patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Since then, necrosectomy has been a mainstay of surgical procedures for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). No published report has successfully questioned the role of necrosectomy. Recently, however, increasing evidence shows good outcomes when treating walled-off necrotizing pancreatitis without a necrosectomy. The literature concerning NP published primarily after 2000 was reviewed; it demonstrates the feasibility of a paradigm shift. The majority (75%) of minimally invasive necrosectomies show higher completion rates: between 80% and 100%. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy has shown remarkable results when combined with percutaneous drainage or a metallic stent. Related morbidities range from 40% to 92%. Single-digit mortality rates have been achieved with transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy, but not with video-assisted retroperitoneal necrosectomy series. Drainage procedures without necrosectomy have evolved from percutaneous drainage to transluminal endoscopic drainage with or without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy access for laparoscopic instruments. Most series have reached higher success rates of 79%-93%, and even 100%, using transcystic multiple drainage methods. It is becoming evident that transluminal endoscopic drainage treatment of walled-off NP without a necrosectomy is feasible. With further refinement of the drainage procedures, a paradigm shift from necrosectomy to drainage is inevitable.
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Choi JH, Kim MH, Oh D, Paik WH, Park DH, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK. Clinical relevance of the revised Atlanta classification focusing on severity stratification system. Pancreatology 2014; 14:324-9. [PMID: 25174301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Recognizing the limitation of the Atlanta classification for acute pancreatitis (AP), two international classifications have been recently proposed; the revised Atlanta classification and the determinant-based classification. There is an inconsistency between the two international classifications on whether infected necrosis (IN) is the major determinant of severity in AP. The aim of the current study was to validate the revised Atlanta classification and to determine the association of this new classification system with relevant clinical outcome in patients with AP. METHODS Data have been collected on 553 patients with AP admitted to a single center during the 7-year period commencing January 2006. Primary outcomes included the need for interventions, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, length of ICU stay, total hospital stay, and mortality. RESULTS The different grades of severity for revised Atlanta classification system were associated with statistically significant differences in terms of clinical outcomes. Patients with severe AP that had IN, compared to those without IN, were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Having stratified patients with severe AP category according to the presence or absence of IN, the mortality rate increased fourfold to 32.3% for the presence of infected necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the revised Atlanta classification seems to be valid, since it correlates well with clinical outcome. To more accurately assess clinical outcome of patients with severe AP defined by the revised Atlanta classification, however, severe AP patients with IN should be considered separately from those without IN in classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongwook Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis in children is rarely complicated by the development of necrosis. Although endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy is evolving as the standard of care in adults, its feasibility in the pediatric population has not been established. We hereby report the first case series of children with necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with endoscopic therapy. We believe the use of fully covered self-expanding metallic stents in the cystgastrostomy may reduce the number of transluminal necrosectomy sessions for large necrotic collections in children.
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Endoscopic interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:969-81; quiz 982. [PMID: 24957157 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis have undergone a paradigm shift away from open surgical necrosectomy and toward minimally invasive techniques, with endoscopic transmural drainage (ETD) and necrosectomy emerging as principle forms of treatment. Recent multicenter studies, randomized trials, evidence-based guidelines, and consensus statements have endorsed the safety and efficacy of endoscopic and other minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of walled-off necrosis. A comprehensive review of indications, standard and novel approaches, outcomes, complications, and controversies regarding ETD and necrosectomy is presented. Given the inherent challenges and associated risks, endoscopic techniques for the management of necrotizing pancreatitis should be performed at specialized multidisciplinary centers by expert endoscopists well versed in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis.
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