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Ambartsumyan L. Medical management of anorectal malformations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60 Suppl 1:S77-S84. [PMID: 38924569 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are congenital anomalies of the anorectum and the genitourinary system that result in a broad spectrum of hindgut anomalies. Despite surgical correction patients continue to have late postoperative genitourinary and colorectal dysfunction that have significant impact on quality of life. AIM This paper will review the current evidence and discuss the evaluation and management of postoperative patients with ARMs who present with persistent defecation disorder. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE/EMBASE databases applying the following terms: ARMs, imperforate anus, constipation, faecal incontinence, neurogenic bowel, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. RESULTS Patients who present with postoperative defecation disorders require timely diagnostic and surgical evaluation for anatomic abnormalities prior to initiation of bowel management. Goals of management are to avoid constipation in young children, achieve faecal continence in early childhood and facilitate independence in older children and adolescents. Treatment options vary from high dose stimulant laxatives to high-volume retrograde and antegrade enemas that facilitate mechanical colonic emptying. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate diagnostic work-up and implementation of treatment can decrease long-term morbidity and improve quality of life in postoperative patients with ARMs who presents with defecation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Ambartsumyan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Benson K, Bazier A, Schwartzkopf K, Waseem S, Gilbert E. Psychosocial factors impacting antegrade continence enema outcomes in pediatric patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14644. [PMID: 37427680 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with constipation and encopresis are often treated with medication and behavioral approaches. When constipation persists, surgical interventions such as antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedures are considered. Many children benefit from these procedures; however, some children continue to have incontinence, experience complications, or discontinue the use of the ACE stoma. There is some evidence in the literature to indicate that psychosocial factors can have an impact on ACE outcomes; however, standardized biopsychosocial guidelines related to ACE candidacy and surgery do not currently exist. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on psychosocial factors related to ACE treatment outcomes and complications. Identifying what is known and what limitations remain can support future research to inform development of guidelines for pre-procedure evaluations. Psychosocial pre-procedure evaluations could help to inform eligibility for the procedure as well as interventions to enhance outcomes for children at increased risk for poor outcomes or complications from ACE. Age, psychiatric symptoms, and adherence to the ACE flush regimen were some of the factors identified in the literature as impacting ACE outcomes; however, there is limited research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Benson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Bazier
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Shamaila Waseem
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elaine Gilbert
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Bokova E, Prasade N, Rosen JM, Lim IIP, Levitt MA, Rentea RM. State of the Art Bowel Management for Pediatric Colorectal Problems: Spinal Anomalies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1558. [PMID: 37761519 PMCID: PMC10529947 DOI: 10.3390/children10091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with spinal abnormalities often struggle with fecal and/or urinary incontinence (up to 87 and 92%, respectively) and require a collaborative approach to bowel management in conjunction. METHODS To define existing approaches and propose state-of-the-art bowel management, a literature search was performed using Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases and focusing on the manuscripts published July 2013 and July 2023. RESULTS Patients with spinal anomalies have impaired innervation of the rectum and anal canal, decreasing the success rate from laxatives and rectal enemas. Thus, transanal irrigations and antegrade flushes are widely utilized in this group of patients. Based on spinal MRI, the potential for bowel control in these children depends on age, type, and lesion level. On referral for bowel management, a contrast study is performed to assess colonic motility and evacuation of stool, followed by a series of abdominal X-rays to define colonic emptying and adjust the regimen. The options for management include laxatives, rectal enemas, transanal irrigations, antegrade flushes, and the creation of a stoma. Approximately 22-71% of patients achieve social continence dependent on the type and level of the lesion. CONCLUSION Patients with spinal anomalies require a thorough assessment for continence potential and stool burden prior to initiation of bowel management. The optimal treatment option is defined according to the patient's age, anatomy, and mobility. The likelihood of independent bowel regimen administration should be discussed with the patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Bokova
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Ninad Prasade
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John M. Rosen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Irene Isabel P. Lim
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Marc A. Levitt
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Rentea
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Huang R, Li H, Gao C, Yu W, Zhang S. Advances in omics research on peanut response to biotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101994. [PMID: 37284721 PMCID: PMC10239885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peanut growth, development, and eventual production are constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in serious economic losses. To understand the response and tolerance mechanism of peanut to biotic and abiotic stresses, high-throughput Omics approaches have been applied in peanut research. Integrated Omics approaches are essential for elucidating the temporal and spatial changes that occur in peanut facing different stresses. The integration of functional genomics with other Omics highlights the relationships between peanut genomes and phenotypes under specific stress conditions. In this review, we focus on research on peanut biotic stresses. Here we review the primary types of biotic stresses that threaten sustainable peanut production, the multi-Omics technologies for peanut research and breeding, and the recent advances in various peanut Omics under biotic stresses, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, miRNAomics, epigenomics and phenomics, for identification of biotic stress-related genes, proteins, metabolites and their networks as well as the development of potential traits. We also discuss the challenges, opportunities, and future directions for peanut Omics under biotic stresses, aiming sustainable food production. The Omics knowledge is instrumental for improving peanut tolerance to cope with various biotic stresses and for meeting the food demands of the exponentially growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Liaoning Peanut Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuxing, China
- China Good Crop Company (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Ambartsumyan L, Patel D, Kapavarapu P, Medina-Centeno RA, El-Chammas K, Khlevner J, Levitt M, Darbari A. Evaluation and Management of Postsurgical Patient With Hirschsprung Disease Neurogastroenterology & Motility Committee: Position Paper of North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:533-546. [PMID: 36720091 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Children with Hirschsprung disease have postoperative long-term sequelae in defecation that contribute to morbidity and mortality and significantly impact their quality of life. Pediatric patients experience ongoing long-term defecation concerns, which can include fecal incontinence (FI) and postoperative obstructive symptoms, such as constipation and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. The American Pediatric Surgical Association has developed guidelines for management of these postoperative obstructive symptoms and FI. However, the evaluation and management of patients with postoperative defecation problems varies among different pediatric gastroenterology centers. This position paper from the Neurogastroenterology & Motility Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition reviews the current evidence and provides suggestions for the evaluation and management of postoperative patients with Hirschsprung disease who present with persistent defecation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Ambartsumyan
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Dhiren Patel
- the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Prasanna Kapavarapu
- the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ricardo A Medina-Centeno
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Phoenix Children's, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Khalil El-Chammas
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julie Khlevner
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Marc Levitt
- the Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Anil Darbari
- the Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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Banasiuk M, Dziekiewicz M, Dobrowolska M, Skowrońska B, Dembiński Ł, Banaszkiewicz A. Three-dimensional High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Children With Non-retentive Fecal Incontinence. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:303-311. [PMID: 35362455 PMCID: PMC8978114 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRAM) is a precise tool to assess the function of the anorectum. Our aim is to evaluate children diagnosed with non-retentive fecal incontinence (NRFI) using 3D-HRAM. Methods In all children diagnosed with NRFI, manometric parameters and 3-dimensional reconstructions of the anal canal subdivided into 8 segments were recorded. All data were compared to raw data that were obtained from asymptomatic children, collected in our laboratory and published previously (C group). Results Forty children (31 male; median age, 8 years; range, 5-17) were prospectively included in the study. Comparison of the NRFI group and C group revealed lower values of mean resting pressure (74.4 mmHg vs 89.2 mmHg, P < 0.001) and maximum squeeze pressure (182 mmHg vs 208.5 mmHg, P = 0.018) in the NRFI group. In the NRFI group, the thresholds of sensation, urge and discomfort (40 cm3, 70 cm3, and 140 cm3, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the C group (20 cm3, 30 cm3, and 85 cm3, respectively; P < 0.001). In the NRFI group, 62.5% presented a mean resting pressure above the fifth percentile, and 82.5% of patients presented a maximum squeeze pressure above the fifth percentile. The comparisons between segments obtained from these patients and those obtained from the C group revealed several segments with significantly decreased pressure values in the NRFI group. Conclusions Our study demonstrated lower pressure parameters in children with NRFI. In patients with normal resting pressures, 3D-HRAM may reveal segments with decreased pressures, which may play a potential role in the pathomechanism of incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Banasiuk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Dziekiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dobrowolska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Skowrońska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dembiński
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Anorectal Manometry in Children: The Update on the Indications and the Protocol of the Procedure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:440-445. [PMID: 35001039 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anorectal disorders are common in children. They are related to structural and/or functional abnormalities of the anorectum or pelvic floor with a variety of symptoms. Therefore, diagnostic tests to evaluate anorectal function can help to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and aetiology as well as facilitate patient management. During the past decades, substantial efforts have been made to improve anorectal function testing; however, more advanced investigations might lead to difficulties in interpretation. Additionally, a great diversity of equipment and protocols are used among centres, which may lead to heterogeneous interpretation of results. More studies to standardize methods of testing and validate reference values are strongly recommended in children. This review updates on the current indications and the protocol of anorectal manometry.
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Jiang Y, Luo H, Yu B, Ding Y, Kang Y, Huang L, Zhou X, Liu N, Chen W, Guo J, Huai D, Lei Y, Jiang H, Yan L, Liao B. High-Density Genetic Linkage Map Construction Using Whole-Genome Resequencing for Mapping QTLs of Resistance to Aspergillus flavus Infection in Peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745408. [PMID: 34745176 PMCID: PMC8566722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), which is rich in edible oil and protein, is widely planted around the world as an oil and cash crop. However, aflatoxin contamination seriously affects the quality safety of peanuts, hindering the development of the peanut industry and threatening the health of consumers. Breeding peanut varieties with resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection is important for the control of aflatoxin contamination, and understanding the genetic basis of resistance is vital to its genetic enhancement. In this study, we reported the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of resistance to A. flavus infection of a well-known resistant variety, J11. A mapping population consisting of 200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was constructed by crossing a susceptible variety, Zhonghua 16, with J11. Through whole-genome resequencing, a genetic linkage map was constructed with 2,802 recombination bins and an average inter-bin distance of 0.58 cM. Combined with phenotypic data of an infection index in 4 consecutive years, six novel resistant QTLs with 5.03-10.87% phenotypic variances explained (PVE) were identified on chromosomes A05, A08, B01, B03, and B10. The favorable alleles of five QTLs were from J11, while that of one QTL was from Zhonghua 16. The combination of these favorable alleles significantly improved resistance to A. flavus infection. These results could contribute greatly to the understanding of the genetic basis of A. flavus resistance and could be meaningful in the improvement of further resistance in peanuts.
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Dong Y, Fan L, Liang J, Wang L, Yuan X, Wang Y, Zhao S. Risk assessment of mycotoxins in stored maize: case study of Shandong, China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Risk characterisation of dietary exposure of aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) in maize from Shandong Province was conducted in this study. A total of 520 maize samples were collected after harvesting in 2014 and 2015 from 26 selected villages in Shandong Province, China. A deterministic approach was used in the current study. The dietary intake data of maize was obtained from ‘Shandong Statistical Yearbook 2018’. The risk characterisation of FBs, DON, and ZEA was evaluated in 4 population groups (2 to 6-year-old children, standard adults, city adults and village adults) based on probable intake. 2 to 6-year-old children and adults were exposed to FBs (0.42 and 0.20 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day), DON (0.04 and 0.019 μg/kg bw/day), and ZEA (0.0024 and 0.0011 μg/kg bw/day) through mean maize consumption in diets, which was lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of each mycotoxin established by JECFA. Risk assessments showed a low risk for liver cancer due to consumption of aflatoxin B1 (0.027-0.21 cases per 100,000 persons per year) contaminated maize compared with China’s current liver cancer incidence of 24.6 cases per 100,000 persons per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Dong
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - L. Fan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - J. Liang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - L. Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - X. Yuan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - Y. Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
| | - S. Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China P.R
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China P.R
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Abstract
Spina bifida is a birth defect that commonly causes bowel and bladder dysfunction in children with a significant negative impact on quality of life and emotional wellbeing. Fecal continence improves satisfaction and the quality of life of both children and their caretakers. Bowel management in children with spina bifida is hampered by limited controlled studies and variable practice within different institutions and subspecialists. The goals of a successful bowel management program in children with spina bifida consist of predictable bowel movements, social continence, and eventual independence. Treatment options range from conservative interventions such as diets and oral laxatives that modify stool consistency and transit, to trans-anal irrigations and antegrade continence enemas that facilitate predictable recto-sigmoid emptying and provide a greater degree of independence. In children, the treatment approach should be implemented in the context of the child's developmental age in order to allow for optimum social integration with their age-appropriate peers. We present a review of a stepwise approach to bowel management in children with spina bifida and the challenges related to the proposed treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Ambartsumyan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonel Rodriguez
- Colorectal and Pelvic Malformations Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chung PHY, Wong KKY, Tam PKH, Leung MWY, Chao NSY, Liu KKW, Chan EKW, Tam YH, Lee KH. Are all patients with short segment Hirschsprung's disease equal? A retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:47-53. [PMID: 29075908 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Short segment Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) carries a better prognosis than long segment disease, but the definition of short is controversial. The objective of this study is to determine anatomically the extent of disease involvement that would be associated with a better functional outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective multicenter (n = 3) study with patients (≥ 3 years) who had transanal pullthrough operation done for aganglionosis limited to the recto-sigmoid colon were reviewed. The extent of disease involvement and bowel resection was retrieved by reviewing the operative records as well as histopathological reports of the resected specimens. Clinical assessment was performed according to the criteria of a seven-itemed bowel function score (BFS) (maximum score = 20). Manometric assessment was performed with anorectal manometry. RESULTS The study period started from 2003 to 45 patients were studied with median age at assessment = 52.0 months and operation = 3.0 months. The disease involvement was categorized into upper sigmoid-descending colon (DC) (n = 8), sigmoid colon (SC) (n = 12), upper rectum (UR) (n = 14) and lower rectum (LR) (n = 11) according to the level of normal biopsy result. There was no significant difference in the age of assessment between the four groups. The median BFSs in the DC, SC, UR and LR were 13, 15, 17 and 17, respectively (p = 0.01). Nine patients from the DC and SC groups reported soiling for more than twice per week. Sub-group analysis comparing patients with and without the entire sigmoid colon resected revealed worse functional outcomes in terms of the incidence of soiling (40.7 vs 22.2%, p = 0.05) and the BFS (14 vs 18, p = 0.04) in the former group. Anorectal manometry did not reveal any significant difference between the four groups, but a higher proportion of patients in the UR and LR groups appeared to have a normal sphincter resting pressure (DC vs SC vs UR vs LR = 62.5 vs 75.0 vs 85.7 vs 80.0%, p = 0.10). CONCLUSION Patients with short segment HSCR are not equal at all. HSCR patients with aganglionosis limited to the rectum without the need of removing the entire sigmoid colon have a better bowel control and overall functional score. Less bowel loss and colonic dissection maybe the underlying reasons. Although future studies with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period are required to validate the results of this study, it has provided a new insight to the current understanding of short segment disease in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ho Yu Chung
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Wai Yip Leung
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicholas Sih Yin Chao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kam Wing Liu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin Kin Wai Chan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Him Tam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kim Hung Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Abstract
Spina bifida is a birth defect that commonly causes bowel and bladder dysfunction in children with a significant negative impact on quality of life and emotional wellbeing. Fecal continence improves satisfaction and the quality of life of both children and their caretakers. Bowel management in children with spina bifida is hampered by limited controlled studies and variable practice within different institutions and subspecialists. The goals of a successful bowel management program in children with spina bifida consist of predictable bowel movements, social continence, and eventual independence. Treatment options range from conservative interventions such as diets and oral laxatives that modify stool consistency and transit, to trans-anal irrigations and antegrade continence enemas that facilitate predictable recto-sigmoid emptying and provide a greater degree of independence. In children, the treatment approach should be implemented in the context of the child's developmental age in order to allow for optimum social integration with their age-appropriate peers. We present a review of a stepwise approach to bowel management in children with spina bifida and the challenges related to the proposed treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Ambartsumyan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonel Rodriguez
- Colorectal and Pelvic Malformations Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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