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Nichita MM, Giurcăneanu C, Mihai MM, Ghigulescu M, Beiu C, Negoiţă SI, Popa LG. The immunoexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 62:201-208. [PMID: 34609422 PMCID: PMC8597383 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) account for only 20–25% of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), they are responsible for most deaths attributable to NMSCs. Apart from SCC seric level, which increases in late-stage disease, no other predictive biomarker for cSCC exists. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) serves as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in numerous malignancies. EGFR immunoexpression is highly elevated in head and neck mucosal SCC. However, its immunoexpression pattern, its relationship with prognosis and survival, and the effect of EGFR targeted therapy in advanced cSCC have not been clarified. We assessed EGFR immunoexpression in 18 cases of cSCC and correlated our findings with the clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemical stainings with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies were practiced and the membrane and cytoplasmic immunostaining intensity and quality in the tumors and the non-lesional epithelium were analyzed. Membrane EGFR immunoexpression within the tumors increased with the tumor grade. EGFR overexpression was more frequently found in head and neck cSCCs. We did not find a direct relationship between cytoplasmic EGFR immunoexpression and clinicopathological findings and prognosis. Our results confirm that increased EGFR immunoexpression correlates with aggressive cSCC phenotypes and underline the need for novel treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Marcela Nichita
- Department of Oncological Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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Gao H, Chang L, Wang L, Zhou X, Wang N. Changes of Gastric Juice Microenvironment in Patients with Fundic Gland Polyp and Hyperplastic Polyp. Pathobiology 2021; 88:383-391. [PMID: 34500447 DOI: 10.1159/000516855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the formation of gastric fundic gland polyp and gastric hyperplastic polyp (HP) and the changes of gastric juice microenvironment. METHODS The proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) applications to patients were recorded. Gastric juices and biopsy polyps were collected for pathological examination, H. pylori tests, biomarkers, and MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC expression measurement. RESULTS Among 34,892 patients, the detection rate of gastric fundic gland polyps was significantly higher than that of gastric HPs (p < 0.01). The incidence rate of gastric fundic gland polyp and gastric HP in PPI users (n = 3,886) was higher than that of non-PPI users (p < 0.01). The occurrence of polyp was positively related to the duration of PPI application and the H. pylori-positive rate. The bile reflux rate between fundic gland polys group (17.61%) and HPs (28.67%) was significantly different (p < 0.01). The levels of gastric juice Gastrin-17, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and MUC2 from patients with gastric fundic gland polyps and gastric HPs were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). However, patients with gastric fundic gland polyps and HPs had significantly lower gastric juice PGE2 and MUC5AC (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION PPI application, H. pylori infection, and bile reflux are the potential risk factors for formation of fundic gland polyps and HPs. The potential mechanism of polyps' formation can be related to the levels of Gastrin-17, EGF, MUC2, PGE2, and MUC5AC in gastric juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Gao
- Department of General Practice, Shijiazhuang City People Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang City People Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaona Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang City People Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang City People Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lan T, Pang J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Qian H, Chen Y, Wu Y. Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates EGFR at threonine 669 and thereby inhibits its activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:14-18. [PMID: 31395339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG II) inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). This paper was designed to investigate the mechanism of the inhibition of PKG II on EGFR activation. Gastric cancer cells HGC-27 and AGS were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding the cDNA of PKG II (Ad-PKG II) to overexpress PKG II and treated with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP) to activate the kinase. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay were performed to detect the interaction between PKG II and EGFR. Western blotting, mass spectrometry (MS) and site mutagenesis were performed to detect the PKG II-specific phosphorylation site on EGFR. The results showed that in living COS-7 cells, which were infected with Ad-PKG II and treated with 8-pCPT-cGMP, there was an interaction between PKG II and EGFR. The results also showed that PKG II caused threonine 669 (T669) phosphorylation of EGFR in HGC-27 and AGS cells infected with Ad-PKG II and treated with 8-pCPT-cGMP, and then inhibited the activation of EGFR. When T669 of EGFR was mutated to alanine, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of EGFR was eradicated. These findings suggested a PKG II-specific phosphorylation site on EGFR, and might be beneficial to illuminate the anti-tumor role of PKG II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji Pang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongcheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ye B, Duan B, Deng W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cui J, Sun S, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L, Lin L, Tang Y. EGF Stimulates Rab35 Activation and Gastric Cancer Cell Migration by Regulating DENND1A-Grb2 Complex Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1343. [PMID: 30524285 PMCID: PMC6261971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to reveal the specific molecular mechanisms by which DENND1A accepts EGF signaling and activates Rab35 in gastric cancer. Methods: The expression of proteins related to DENND1A was examined by western blot analysis. Activation of Rab35 was assessed by GST-pulldown. The interaction of DENND1A and Grb2 was assessed by GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The relationship between DENND1A and cell migration and invasion was detected using wound healing and transwell by gene overexpression and RNA interference. Results: EGF stimulation significantly promoted cell migration, whereas transfection with siRab35 partially inhibited EGF-promoted cell migration. DENND1A is also involved in these processes and active Rab35. Moreover, DENND1A binds to the N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains of Grb2 through PRD. Of special interest is the observation that EGFR can recruit Grb2-DENND1A complex under EGF stimulation. Further results reveal that the higher the expression of DENND1A, the shorter progression-free survival of gastric cancer patients. Conclusion: In summary, we confirmed that EGF-Grb2-DENND1A-Rab35 signaling pathway with the interaction of DENND1A and Grb2 as a regulatory center could regulate gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Ultimately, the expression level of DENND1A predicts the survival status of gastric cancer patients and may become one of the important targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixing Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Duan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Deng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sun H, Wu Y, Pan Z, Yu D, Chen P, Zhang X, Wu H, Zhang X, An C, Chen Y, Qin T, Lei X, Yuan C, Zhang S, Zou W, Ouyang H. Gefitinib for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activated Osteoarthritis Subpopulation Treatment. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:223-233. [PMID: 29898872 PMCID: PMC6020860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of physical disability among aging populations, with no available drugs able to efficiently restore the balance between cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation. Also, OA has not been accurately classified into subpopulations, hindering the development toward personalized precision medicine. In the present study, we identified a subpopulation of OA patients displaying high activation level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). With Col2a1-creERT2; Egfrf/f mice, it was found that the activation of EGFR, indicated by EGFR phosphorylation (pEGFR), led to the destruction of joints. Excitingly, EGFR inhibition prohibited cartilage matrix degeneration and promoted cartilage regeneration. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug gefitinib could efficiently inhibit EGFR functions in OA joints and restore cartilage structure and function in the mouse model as well as the clinical case report. Overall, our findings suggested the concept of the EGFR activated OA subpopulation and illustrated the mechanism of EGFR signaling in regulating cartilage homeostasis. Gefitinib could be a promising disease-modifying drug for this OA subpopulation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopeadics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chengrui An
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Ge S, Fan Q, Zhou L, Li H, Bai M, Ning T, Liu R, Wang X, Deng T, Zhang L, Ying G, Ba Y. Effects of miR‑138‑5p and miR‑204‑5p on the migration and proliferation of gastric cancer cells by targeting EGFR. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2624-2634. [PMID: 29693184 PMCID: PMC5983934 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GC (gastric cancer) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) plays an important role in the malignant process of GC, therefore, the present study addressed the relationship between EGFR and its potential regulators and examined their regulatory mechanisms in GC. We examined differences in the expression levels of EGFR in GC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues. Bioinformatics analyses and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the putative relationship between miR‑138 or miR‑204 and EGFR, and their relationship was further detected using western blotting, RT‑PCR, and a series of cell studies. EGFR proteins were abundantly expressed in GC tissues, however EGFR mRNA levels remained indistinctive. Consequently, EGFR was revealed as a putative target of miR‑138 and miR‑204 which bound to the 3'UTR of EGFR mRNA. Further analysis revealed that miR‑138 and miR‑204 were significantly downregulated in GC tissues and the overexpression of miR‑138 and miR‑204 in GC cell lines resulted in the significant inhibition of EGFR protein levels and GC cell proliferation and metastasis. Rescue experiments confirmed that the roles of the two microRNAs were specific to EGFR. EGFR is a pivotal oncogene in GC progression that may be regulated by miR‑138 and miR‑204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Fan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Deng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Shen M, Sun Q, Wang J, Pan W, Ren X. Positive and negative functions of B lymphocytes in tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55828-55839. [PMID: 27331871 PMCID: PMC5342456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicated that B lymphocytes exerted complex functions in tumor immunity. On the one hand, B lymphocytes can inhibit tumor development through antibody generation, antigen presentation, tumor tissue interaction, and direct killing. On the other hand, B lymphocytes have tumor-promoting functions. A typical type of B lymphocytes, termed regulatory B cells, is confirmed to attenuate immune response in a tumor environment. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding of B-cell functions in tumor immunology, which may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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8
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Zhao L, Li X, Song N, Li A, Hou K, Qu X, Che X, Liu Y. Src promotes EGF-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration in gastric cancer cells by upregulating ZEB1 and ZEB2 through AKT. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:294-302. [PMID: 29052277 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in the migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the role of Src in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT and migration in gastric cancer cells remains to be clarified. In the current study, the effect of Src on EGF-stimulated EMT and migration was explored in gastric cancer cells. EGF induced EMT in gastric cancer cells and increased their migratory ability, which was accompanied by the phosphorylation of Src. PP2, the Src inhibitor, markedly suppressed EGF-mediated EMT and migration in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, EGF-stimulated upregulation of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) was significantly repressed by PP2. Further analysis showed that EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) was almost completely abolished by PP2, whereas that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was only mildly suppressed. Moreover, LY294002, the AKT inhibitor, significantly inhibited EGF-induced upregulation of ZEB1 and ZEB2 as well as EMT and migration stimulated by EGF in gastric cancer cells. However, neither ERK inhibitor nor STAT3 inhibitor repressed EGF-induced EMT-related changes. Taken together, these results suggest that Src promotes EGF-stimulated EMT and migration by upregulation of ZEB1 and ZEB2 through AKT signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Aodi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
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9
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CMTM3 decreases EGFR expression and EGF-mediated tumorigenicity by promoting Rab5 activity in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Lee N, Lee H, Moon SY, Sohn JY, Hwang SM, Yoon OJ, Youn HS, Eom HS, Kong SY. Adverse prognostic impact of bone marrow microvessel density in multiple myeloma. Ann Lab Med 2016; 35:563-9. [PMID: 26354343 PMCID: PMC4579099 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.6.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Bone marrow (BM) microvessel density (MVD) is a useful marker of angiogenesis and is determined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34 antibody. This study investigated the prognostic impact of MVD and demonstrated the relationship between MVD and previously mentioned prognostic factors in patients with MM. Methods The study included 107 patients with MM. MVD was assessed at initial diagnosis in a blinded manner by two hematopathologists who examined three CD34-positive hot spots per patient and counted the number of vessels in BM samples. Patients were divided into three groups according to MVD tertiles. Cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves, calculated by using Kaplan-Meier method, were compared among the three groups. Prognostic impact of MVD was assessed by calculating Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR). Results Median MVDs in the three groups were 16.8, 33.9, and 54.7. MVDs were correlated with other prognostic factors, including β2-microglobulin concentration, plasma cell percentage in the BM, and cancer stage according to the International Staging System. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high MVD was an independent predictor of PFS (HR=2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-5.42; P=0.013). PFS was significantly lower in the high MVD group than in the low MVD group (P=0.025). However, no difference was observed in the OS (P=0.428). Conclusions Increased BM MVD is a marker of poor prognosis in patients newly diagnosed with MM. BM MVD should be assessed at the initial diagnosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Young Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Sohn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Mee Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ok Jin Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Youn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Sun Young Kong
- Research Institute, Translational Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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11
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Tumor apelin, not serum apelin, is associated with the clinical features and prognosis of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:794. [PMID: 27733135 PMCID: PMC5062883 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the association between Apelin expression and the clinical features and postoperative prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (Int J Cancer 136:2388-2401, 2015). METHODS Tumor samples and matched adjacent normal tissues were collected from 270 patients with GC receiving surgical resection. The tumor and serum Apelin levels were determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods, respectively. GC cell lines were cultured for migration and invasive assays. RESULTS Our data showed that tumor Apelin expression status, instead of serum Apelin level, was closely associated with more advance clinical features including tumor differentiation, lymph node and distant metastases. Moreover, patients with high tumor Apelin level had a significantly shorter overall survival period compared to those with low Apelin expression and those with or negative Apelin staining. Our in vitro study revealed that the Apelin regulated the migration and invasion abilities of GC cell lines, accompanied by up-regulations of a variety of cytokines associated with tumor invasiveness. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that tumor Apelin can be used as a marker to evaluate clinical characteristics and predict prognosis in GC patients.
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12
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Jenni D, Karpova MB, Mühleisen B, Mangana J, Dreier J, Hafner J, Dummer R. A prospective clinical trial to assess lapatinib effects on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. ESMO Open 2016; 1:e000003. [PMID: 27843579 PMCID: PMC5070204 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2015-000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy is widely used in many epithelial cancer types. We investigated lapatinib effects on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) scheduled for resection and in coexisting precursor lesions (actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD)) in a phase 2 mode of action clinical trial including a histological workup of the cSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We initiated a prospective single-centre, open-label, non-controlled clinical study with translational intentions to investigate changes in size and histopathological features in cSCC after a 14-day period of neoadjuvant lapatinib therapy at a dose of 1500 mg/day prior to surgery, to quantify the impact on AK and BD in the same patient after 56 days and to evaluate the tolerability in patients with cSCC and precursor lesions. RESULTS 10 immunocompetent male patients were included with a mean age of 73 years (range 59-87). 8 patients were treated with the study medication lapatinib 1500 mg/day for a total duration of 56 days according to the protocol and were available for full analysis, whereas 2 patients had to discontinue treatment during the first 2 weeks because of adverse events (diarrhoea, pancreatitis). Tolerability was acceptable with only 1 related grade III adverse event. A reduction in tumour size of cSCC was documented in 2 of 8 evaluable patients after 14 days of treatment. The mean regression of captured precursor lesions was 30% after 56 days of treatment and 36% 28 days after therapy cessation. CONCLUSIONS Short-term lapatinib resulted in a cSCC tumour reduction in 2 of 8 patients. In addition, there was a clinically documented reduction of AK in 7 of 8 patients encouraging larger clinical trials, especially in high-risk patients with cSCC such as organ transplant recipients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT0166431.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jenni
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M B Karpova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
| | - B Mühleisen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Dreier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor suppressor microRNA-31 inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by targeting Smad4 and SGPP2. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:564-72. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Liu FT, Ou-Yang X, Zhang GP, Luo HL. Nanobodies for targeted treatment of gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3714-3719. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i23.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and application of monoclonal antibody-based targeted therapy drugs in recent years, some achievements have been made in the treatment of gastric cancer; however, because their preparation is relatively complex and expensive, their application is limited. Nanobodies have some advantages over conventional molecular targeted drugs, such as small molecular weight and unique structural features, and provide a new treatment strategy for targeted therapy of gastric cancer. In this paper, we review the nanobodies that have the potential for targeted treatment of gastric cancer.
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15
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Gastric cancer and gene copy number variation: emerging cancer drivers for targeted therapy. Oncogene 2015; 35:1475-82. [PMID: 26073079 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common malignancy in the world with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. It has been established that gastric carcinogenesis is caused by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors. Copy number variation (CNV) refers to a form of genomic structural variation that results in abnormal gene copy numbers, including gene amplification, gain, loss and deletion. DNA CNV is an important influential factor for the expression of both protein-coding and non-coding genes, affecting the activity of various signaling pathways. CNV arises as a result of preferential selection that favors cancer development, and thus, targeting the amplified 'driver genes' in GC may provide novel opportunities for personalized therapy. The detection of CNVs in chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA from tissue or blood samples may assist the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GC. In this review, we discuss the recent CNV discoveries that shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of GC, with a specific emphasis on CNVs that display diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic significances in GC.
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16
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Wang P, Shi Q, Deng WH, Yu J, Zuo T, Mei FC, Wang WX. Relationship between expression of NADPH oxidase 2 and invasion and prognosis of human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6271-6279. [PMID: 26034362 PMCID: PMC4445104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the expression and prognostic value of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) in gastric cancer, and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
METHODS: Tumor and adjacent tissues were obtained from 123 patients who underwent radical surgery for gastric cancer at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2008-2009. The expression of NOX2, VEGF, EGFR and CD68 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NOX2 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by Western blot analysis. Spearman’s correlation was performed to elucidate the relationship of NOX2 with VEGF and EGFR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival time, and the log-rank test was used to evaluate differences in survival. Cox‘s proportional hazards regression model was applied in a stepwise manner to analyze the independent prognostic factors.
RESULTS: NOX2 exhibited positive expression in 47.2% (58/123) of the gastric cancer tissues. Western blot analysis revealed that NOX2 was up-regulated in tumor tissues compared to the adjacent tissue [39.0% (48/123)]. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that CD68, which is a specific marker of macrophages, and NOX expression presented a similar localization and staining intensity. The expression of NOX2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF and EGFR. Comparison of the 5-year survival rates of the NOX2 positive and NOX2 negative groups showed that the NOX2 positive group presented a poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION: NOX2 positively correlates with the levels of VEGF and EGFR. NOX2 may be used as a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Zhen Y, Guanghui L, Xiefu Z. Knockdown of EGFR inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:491-7. [PMID: 25394504 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic trans-membranous receptor, which is overexpressed in multiple human cancers. However, the role of EGFR in gastric cancer (GC) is still elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and molecular mechanisms of EGFR in GC cells. Forty cases of GC and the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) were collected, and the expression of EGFR was assessed using immunohistochemistry in biopsy samples. Furthermore, EGFR signaling was blocked by constructed recombinant small hairpin RNA lentiviral vector (Lv-shRAGE) used to transfect into human GC SGC-7901 cells. The expression of AKT, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting assays. Cell proliferative activities and invasive capability were, respectively, determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and Transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. EGFR was found highly expressed in cancer tissues compared with the ANCT and correlated with lymph node metastases. Knockdown of EGFR reduced cell proliferation and invasion of GC with decreased expression of AKT, PCNA and MMP-9 and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. Upregulation of EGFR expression is associated with lymph node metastases of GC, and blockade of EGFR signaling suppresses growth and invasion of GC cells through AKT pathway, suggesting that EGFR may represent a potential therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Guanghui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Xiefu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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