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Sun BW, Zhang PP, Wang ZH, Yao X, He ML, Bai RT, Che H, Lin J, Xie T, Hui Z, Ye XY, Wang LW. Prevention and Potential Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Molecules 2024; 29:598. [PMID: 38338343 PMCID: PMC10856762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen that causes respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV-related illnesses impose a substantial economic burden worldwide annually. The molecular structure, function, and in vivo interaction mechanisms of RSV have received more comprehensive attention in recent times, and significant progress has been made in developing inhibitors targeting various stages of the RSV replication cycle. These include fusion inhibitors, RSV polymerase inhibitors, and nucleoprotein inhibitors, as well as FDA-approved RSV prophylactic drugs palivizumab and nirsevimab. The research community is hopeful that these developments might provide easier access to knowledge and might spark new ideas for research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zong-Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Meng-Lan He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui-Ting Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Che
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Drug Discovery, Hangzhou Haolu Pharma Co., Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (B.-W.S.); (P.-P.Z.); (Z.-H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.-L.H.); (R.-T.B.); (H.C.); (T.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Breakthrough therapy designation of nirsevimab for the prevention of lower respiratory tract illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus infections (RSV). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:23-29. [PMID: 34937485 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and young children. Palivizumab is an RSV-specific prophylactic for use in high-risk infants but treatment requires monthly injections and only modestly reduces hospitalization. Thus, new immunoprophylactic candidates are under development. Nirsevimab (MEDI8897) is a monoclonal antibody with an extended half-life developed to protect infants for an entire RSV season with a single dose. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes clinical trial data on nirsevimab. The authors introduce RSV and surface viral proteins involved in infection, then discuss the development and achievements of nirsevimab in clinical trials concluding with expert opinion. Information was compiled from PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and press releases from AstraZeneca and Sanofi. EXPERT OPINION Nirsevimab (MEDI8897) is an RSV F protein monoclonal antibody and the next-generation RSV medicine having an extended half-life developed for the prevention of LRTI caused by RSV. Nirsevimab will supplant the current standard of care for RSV prevention. Importantly, nirsevimab requires a single dose to last the entire RSV season and may be given to term, preterm, and high-risk infants. However, even with nirsevimab approval there remains a need for an efficacious RSV vaccine and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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An Interaction of LPS and RSV Infection in Augmenting the AHR and Airway Inflammation in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 40:1643-1653. [PMID: 28695368 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children under 5 years of age, especially infants with severe bronchiolitis. Our preliminary clinical experiments showed that bacterial colonization was commonly observed in children with virus-induced wheezing, particularly in those with recurrent wheezing, suggesting that bacterial colonization with an accompanying viral infection may contribute to disease severity. In most cases, RSV-infected infants were colonized with pathogenic bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). LPS is the main component of Gram-negative bacteria and acts as a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Relevant studies have reported that the TLR family is crucial in mediating the link between viral components and immunologic responses to infection. Of note, TLR4 activation has been associated with disease severity during RSV infection. In the present study, we identified that LPS aggravated RSV-induced AHR and airway inflammation in BALB/c mice using an RSV coinfection model. We found that the airway inflammatory cells and cytokines present in BALF and TRIF in lung tissue play a role in inducing AHR and airway inflammation upon RSV and bacteria coinfection, which might occur through the TRIF-MMP-9-neutrophil-MMP-9 signalling pathway. These results may aid in the development of novel treatments and improve vaccine design.
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Cheung MB, Sampayo-Escobar V, Green R, Moore ML, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Immunity via Interferon Beta and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163709. [PMID: 27695127 PMCID: PMC5047639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to infect human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) but the consequences are poorly understood. MSCs are present in nearly every organ including the nasal mucosa and the lung and play a role in regulating immune responses and mediating tissue repair. We sought to determine whether RSV infection of MSCs enhances their immune regulatory functions and contributes to RSV-associated lung disease. RSV was shown to replicate in human MSCs by fluorescence microscopy, plaque assay, and expression of RSV transcripts. RSV-infected MSCs showed differentially altered expression of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL6, IL-8 and SDF-1 compared to epithelial cells. Notably, RSV-infected MSCs exhibited significantly increased expression of IFN-β (~100-fold) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) (~70-fold) than in mock-infected MSCs. IDO was identified in cytosolic protein of infected cells by Western blots and enzymatic activity was detected by tryptophan catabolism assay. Treatment of PBMCs with culture supernatants from RSV-infected MSCs reduced their proliferation in a dose dependent manner. This effect on PBMC activation was reversed by treatment of MSCs with the IDO inhibitors 1-methyltryptophan and vitamin K3 during RSV infection, a result we confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of IDO in MSCs. Neutralizing IFN-β prevented IDO expression and activity. Treatment of MSCs with an endosomal TLR inhibitor, as well as a specific inhibitor of the TLR3/dsRNA complex, prevented IFN-β and IDO expression. Together, these results suggest that RSV infection of MSCs alters their immune regulatory function by upregulating IFN-β and IDO, affecting immune cell proliferation, which may account for the lack of protective RSV immunity and for chronicity of RSV-associated lung diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Cheung
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Viviana Sampayo-Escobar
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Esposito S, Pietro GD. Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: an update on those in the immediate pipeline. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1479-1490. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and the elderly worldwide. Despite its long history, no licensed vaccine is available. Recently, advances in the knowledge of RSV biology and pathology as well as the development of new techniques to generate vaccine candidates have increased the number of promising vaccines. The aim of this review is to analyze RSV characteristics, to consider the history of RSV vaccines and to discuss RSV vaccines currently in development. Among the candidates in clinical trials, nanoparticle and subunit vaccines seem to be the most promising for pregnant women and the elderly, whereas live-attenuated or vector-based vaccines appear to be optimal for the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Di Pietro
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Saso A, Kampmann B. Vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus in pregnancy: a suitable tool to combat global infant morbidity and mortality? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:e153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection, such as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, in both infants and the elderly. Despite the global burden of diseases attributable to RSV infection, no clinically approved vaccine is available, and a humanized monoclonal antibody for prophylaxis is not readily affordable in developing countries. There are several hurdles to the successful development of RSV vaccines: immune-vulnerable target populations such as premature infants, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people; safety concerns associated with vaccine-enhanced diseases; repeated infection; and waning memory. To develop successful strategies for the prevention of RSV infection, it is necessary to understand the protective and pathologic roles of host immune responses to RSV infection. In this review, we will summarize the positive and negative relationship between RSV infection and host immunity and discuss strategies for the development of the first successful RSV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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de Souza APD, de Freitas DN, Antuntes Fernandes KE, D'Avila da Cunha M, Antunes Fernandes JL, Benetti Gassen R, Fazolo T, Pinto LA, Scotta M, Mattiello R, Pitrez PM, Bonorino C, Stein RT. Respiratory syncytial virus induces phosphorylation of mTOR at ser2448 in CD8 T cells from nasal washes of infected infants. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:248-57. [PMID: 26437614 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific CD8(+) T cell responses do not protect against reinfection. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) impairs memory CD8(+) T cell differentiation. Our hypothesis was that RSV inhibits the formation of CD8(+) T cells memory responses through mTOR activation. To explore this, human and mouse T cells were used. RSV induced mTOR phosphorylation at Ser2448 in CD8 T cells. mTOR activation by RSV was completely inhibited using rapamycin. RSV-infected children presented higher mTOR gene expression on nasal washes comparing to children infected with metapneumovirus and rhinovirus. In addition, RSV-infected infants presented a higher frequency of CD8(+) pmTORser2448(+) T cells in nasal washes compared to RSV-negative infants. Rapamycin treatment increased the frequency of mouse CD8 RSV-M282-90 pentamer-positive T cells and the frequency of RSV-specific memory T cells precursors. These data demonstrate that RSV is activating mTOR directly in CD8 T cells, indicating a role for mTOR during the course of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Duarte de Souza
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D Nascimento de Freitas
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K E Antuntes Fernandes
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M D'Avila da Cunha
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J L Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Benetti Gassen
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T Fazolo
- Laboratório De Imunologia Clínica E Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L A Pinto
- Laboratório De Respirologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Scotta
- Laboratório De Respirologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Mattiello
- Laboratório De Respirologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P M Pitrez
- Laboratório De Respirologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Bonorino
- Laboratorio De Imunologia Celular E Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R T Stein
- Laboratório De Respirologia Pediátrica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto De Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Vaccine administration in children with chronic kidney disease. Vaccine 2015; 32:6601-6. [PMID: 25275950 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) on conservative treatment, on dialysis, and those with renal transplantation are at a higher risk for infectious diseases as the result of impaired immune responses against infectious agents. Infections in these patients can have drastic consequences for disease morbidity and mortality. Immunization is a crucial preventive strategy for disease management in this pediatric population. However, vaccination coverage among children with CKD remains low due to safety concerns and doubts about vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. In this study, we reviewed why children with CKD are at higher risk of infections, the importance of vaccinations among these children, barriers to vaccinations, and recommend the best vaccination schedules. Overall, vaccines have acceptable immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety profiles in children with CKD. However, in some cases, the protective antibody levels induced by vaccines and the benefits and risks of booster vaccine doses must be individually managed. Furthermore, close contacts and household members of these children should complete age-appropriate vaccination schedules to increase the child's indirect protection.
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Kim YJ, Kim DW, Lee WJ, Yun MR, Lee HY, Lee HS, Jung HD, Kim K. Rapid replacement of human respiratory syncytial virus A with the ON1 genotype having 72 nucleotide duplication in G gene. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:103-12. [PMID: 24820343 PMCID: PMC7106136 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of HRSV during 2008–2013. Novel HRSV-A ON1 genotype was emerged in August 2011. After 1 year of emergence in 2012–2013, 94.6% was replaced with novel ON1 genotype. Evolutionary dynamics also drastically increased in 2011. The result of epitope prediction shows the possibilities of antigenic variation.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the main cause of severe respiratory illness in young children and elderly people. We investigated the genetic characteristics of the circulating HRSV subgroup A (HRSV-A) to determine the distribution of genotype ON1, which has a 72-nucleotide duplication in attachment G gene. We obtained 456 HRSV-A positive samples between October 2008 and February 2013, which were subjected to sequence analysis. The first ON1 genotype was discovered in August 2011 and 273 samples were identified as ON1 up to February 2013. The prevalence of the ON1 genotype increased rapidly from 17.4% in 2011–2012 to 94.6% in 2012–2013. The mean evolutionary rate of G protein was calculated as 3.275 × 10−3 nucleotide substitution/site/year and several positively selected sites for amino acid substitutions were located in the predicted epitope region. This basic and important information may facilitate a better understanding of HRSV epidemiology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Systems Biology Team, Center for Immunity and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Ji Lee
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Yun
- Systems Biology Team, Center for Immunity and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Lee
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Saem Lee
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Jung
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
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Guvenel AK, Chiu C, Openshaw PJ. Current concepts and progress in RSV vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:333-44. [PMID: 24405366 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.878653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and debilitated adults and remains one of the major global unmet challenges for vaccine development. Several immunological issues have delayed the development of vaccines, especially the poorly protective response to natural infection and the enhancement of disease following administration of formalin inactivated vaccines during trials conducted in the 1960s. Advances in knowledge of the immune system, of the virus and its antigenic properties combined with new vaccine technologies are now injecting new hope into the field and have given rise to many promising vaccine approaches. Some of these may be optimal for use in children, while others may be more appropriate for pregnant women or vulnerable older adults. With a multi-pronged approach to prevention, we propose that it may be possible to destabilise community circulation of RSV and thus to significantly lessen the impact of RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleks K Guvenel
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2 1PG , UK
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Zhan L, Li CM, Wu WB, Huang CZ. A colorimetric immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus detection based on gold nanoparticles–graphene oxide hybrids with mercury-enhanced peroxidase-like activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11526-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel colorimetric immunoassay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was developed based on mercury-stimulated peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles–graphene composites (AuNPs–GO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chun Mei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wen Bi Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715, China
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