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Chen H, Yang J, Zhang S, Qin X, Jin W, Sun L, Li F, Cheng Y. Serological cytokine profiles of cardiac rejection and lung infection after heart transplantation in rats. J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 30696462 PMCID: PMC6352329 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-019-0839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft rejection and infection are the major sources of morbidity and mortality after heart transplant. Early differential diagnosis is clinically crucial but difficult. The aim of the study was to examine serum cytokine profiles associated with each entity and whether such profiles could help to differentiate between them. METHODS Heart allografts from Wistar rats were transplanted to Lewis rats as described by Yokoyama. Cardiac rejection and pulmonary bacterial infection were induced by Cyclosporine cessation and bacteria bronchus injection, and pathologically confirmed. Ninety serological cytokines profiles of the study objects were then simultaneously measured using a biotin label-based cytokine array. The fold change (FC) was used for relative cytokine concentration comparison analysis. RESULTS Four cytokines in cardiac rejection group were significantly dysregulated as compared to health controls (β -Catenin, 0.51 FC; E-Selectin, 0.62 FC; IFN-gamma, 1.87 FC; and IL-13, 0.60 FC, respectively). In pulmonary infection animals, 11 cytokines were remarkably dysregulated in comparison with the control group (CINC-3, 0.57 FC; CNTF R alpha, 0.59 FC; E-Selectin, 0.58 FC; FSL1,0.62 FC; Hepassocin, 0.64 FC; IL-2, 0.26 FC; IL-13, 0.49 FC; NGFR, 0.57 FC; RAGE, 0.50 FC; TIMP-1, 0.49 FC; and IFN-gamma, 1.77 FC, respectively). Eleven cytokines were significantly up-regulated in cardiac rejection group comparing to the pulmonary infection animals (FSL1, 2.32FC; Fractalkine, 1.65FC; GFR alpha-1, 1.64FC; IL-2, 2.72FC; IL-5, 1.60FC; MMP-2, 1.71FC; NGFR, 2.25FC; TGF-beta1, 1.58FC; TGF-beta3, 1.58FC; Thrombospondin, 1.64FC, and TIMP-1, 1.52FC, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The current study illustrated the disease-specific serological cytokine profiles of allograft rejection and pulmonary bacterial infection after cardiac transplant. Such disease associated cytokine portraits might have the potential for early discrimination diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengchao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, 1158 East Parkway, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, 1158 East Parkway, Shanghai, 201700, China. .,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, 1158 East Parkway, Shanghai, 201700, China. .,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Yang C, Liu J, Liu K, Du B, Shi K, Ding M, Li B, Yang P. Ghrelin suppresses cardiac fibrosis of post-myocardial infarction heart failure rats by adjusting the activin A-follistatin imbalance. Peptides 2018; 99:27-35. [PMID: 29113826 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a growth hormone-releasing peptide, potentially improves cardiac function, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, the rat heart failure (HF) model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and treated with ghrelin (100μg/kg, subcutaneous injection, bid); neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and stimulated with Ang II (0.1μM) and ghrelin(0.1μM) to explore the underlying mechanism of ghrelin in myocardial remodeling. Hemodynamic changes and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were measured to assess cardiac function. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Interestingly, ghrelin significantly improved cardiac function by inhibiting fibrous tissue proliferation. To further explore the mechanisms by which ghrelin interferes with myocardial fibrosis, the levels of activin A (Act A) and its blocker-follistatin (FS) were examined by immunohistochemistry; Act A levels were significantly increased in the myocardial infarction (MI), and ghrelin administeration downregulated Act A expression. In contrast, FS expression showed no significant change in all experimental groups. Furthermore, ghrelin decreased Ang II-induced Act A expression with no effect on FS expression in primary rat cardiomyocytes in vitro (real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA). Thus, ghrelin corrected the Act A/FS imbalance. Finally, Act A treated cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) showed increased proliferation [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay] and enhanced expressions of type I and type III collagen (Col I and Col III) (real-time quantitative PCR). These data suggest that ghrelin inhibits myocardial fibrosis, attenuates left ventricular remodeling, and eventually improves cardiac function by adjusting Act A/FS imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Beibei Du
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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