Olopatadine nasal spray for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Investigation of the antiallergic activity of olopatadine on rhinitis induced by intranasal instillation of antigen in sensitized rats using thermography

Background

The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) are sneezing, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. It was reported that the nasal skin temperature after intranasal administration of histamine or grass pollen rose. In patients with AR, the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have increased in nasal fluids and mucosa.

Objective

The present study were to determine the temperature changes of the nose in rat allergic rhinitis model, and if olopatadine, an antiallergic agent with histamine H1 receptor antagonistic action, proved to be effective, were studied the productions of NGF and VEGF in nasal lavage fluids (NALF). In the present study, we used ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats as an animal model of nasal allergy and examined the effects of olopatadine on the skin temperature of the nose area, and the productions of NGF and VEGF in NALF.

Methods

The temperature changes of the nose area were carried out with thermo tracer in rat passively sensitized with OVA antiserum. The numbers of sneezing episodes were counted and, NGF and VEGF levels in NALF were examined using the specific ELISA.

Results

In OVA-sensitized rats, the number of sneezing episodes increase and the nasal skin temperature rise were provoked after OVA challenge. The levels of NGF and VEGF in NALF also were increased. Olopatadine reduced the increased frequency of sneezing and the nasal skin temperature rise. It also inhibited the increased NGF and VEGF productions in NALF.

Conclusion

The nasal skin temperature after OVA challenge rose even in OVA-sensitized rats. These results suggest that the suppression of the increased NGF and VEGF levels might partially be involved in the improvement of allergy-like behavior (sneezing and nasal skin temperature rise) by the treatment of olopatadine.

Pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis affects millions of Americans and the numbers continue to increase. Fortunately, there exists a wide array of pharmacotherapeutic options with relatively safe side effect profiles for the management of the varying subtypes. Additionally, there are newer agents on the horizon. The efficacies of intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, combination topical therapy, leukotriene inhibitors, mast cell stabilizers, anticholinergics, mucolytics, decongestants, and anti-IgE are reviewed.