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Hyodo R, Takehara Y, Mizuno T, Ichikawa K, Horiguchi R, Kawakatsu S, Mizuno T, Ebata T, Naganawa S, Jin N, Ichiba Y. Four-dimensional Flow MRI Assessment of Portal Hemodynamics and Hepatic Regeneration after Portal Vein Embolization. Radiology 2023; 308:e230709. [PMID: 37750777 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein (PV) embolization (PVE) is a standard preoperative procedure for advanced biliary cancer when the future liver remnant (FLR) is insufficient, yet the effect of this procedure on portal hemodynamics is still unclear. Purpose To assess whether four-dimensional (4D) MRI flowmetry can be used to estimate FLR volume and to identify the optimal time for this measurement. Materials and Methods This prospective single-center study enrolled consecutive adult patients with biliary cancer who underwent percutaneous transhepatic PVE for the right liver between June 2020 and November 2022. Portal hemodynamics were assessed using 4D flow MRI before PVE and within 1 day (0-day group) or 3-4 days (3-day group) after PVE. FLR volume was measured using CT before PVE and after PVE but before surgery. Blood flow changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and correlations with Spearman rank correlation. Results The 0-day group included 24 participants (median age, 72 years [IQR, 69-77 years]; 17 male participants), and the 3-day group included 13 participants (median age, 71 years [IQR, 68-78 years]; eight male participants). Both groups showed increased left PV (LPV) flow rate after PVE (0-day group: from median 3.72 mL/sec [IQR, 2.83-4.55 mL/sec] to 9.48 mL/sec [IQR, 8.12-10.7 mL/sec], P < .001; 3-day group: from median 3.65 mL/sec [IQR, 2.14-3.79 mL/sec] to 8.16 mL/sec [IQR, 6.82-8.98 mL/sec], P < .001). LPV flow change correlated with FLR volume change relative to the number of days from PVE to presurgery CT only in the 3-day group (ρ = 0.62, P = .02; 0-day group, P = .11). The output of the regression equation for estimating presurgery FLR volume correlated with CT-measured volume (ρ = 0.78; P = .002). Conclusion Four-dimensional flow MRI demonstrated increased blood flow in residual portal branches 3-4 days after PVE, offering insights for estimating presurgery FLR volume. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Roldán-Alzate and Oechtering in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hyodo
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Yasuo Takehara
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Kazushige Ichikawa
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Ryota Horiguchi
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Shoji Kawakatsu
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Ning Jin
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Yoshito Ichiba
- From the Department of Radiology (R. Hyodo, Y.T., S.N.), Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging (Y.T.), and Department of Surgery (S.K., T.M.[2], T.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.[1], K.I.); Department of Radiology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan (R. Horiguchi); Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, Pa (J.N.); and Siemens Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan (Y.I.)
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Leung U, Simpson AL, Araujo RLC, Gönen M, McAuliffe C, Miga MI, Parada EP, Allen PJ, D'Angelica MI, Kingham TP, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Jarnagin WR. Remnant growth rate after portal vein embolization is a good early predictor of post-hepatectomy liver failure. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:620-30. [PMID: 25158914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After portal vein embolization (PVE), the future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophies for several weeks. An early marker that predicts a low risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure can reduce the delay to surgery. STUDY DESIGN Liver volumes of 153 patients who underwent a major hepatectomy (>3 segments) after PVE for primary or secondary liver malignancy between September 1999 and November 2012 were retrospectively evaluated with computerized volumetry. Pre- and post-PVE FLR volume and functional liver volume were measured. Degree of hypertrophy (DH = post-FLR/post-functional liver volume - pre-FLR/pre-functional liver volume) and growth rate (GR = DH/weeks since PVE) were calculated. Postoperative complications and liver failure were correlated with DH, measured GR, and estimated GR derived from a formula based on body surface area. RESULTS Eligible patients underwent 93 right hepatectomies, 51 extended right hepatectomies, 4 left hepatectomies, and 5 extended left hepatectomies. Major complications occurred in 44 patients (28.7%) and liver failure in 6 patients (3.9%). Nonparametric regression showed that post-embolization FLR percent correlated poorly with liver failure. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that DH and GR were good predictors of liver failure (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80; p = 0.011 and AUC = 0.79; p = 0.015) and modest predictors of major complications (AUC = 0.66; p = 0.002 and AUC = 0.61; p = 0.032). No patient with GR >2.66% per week had liver failure develop. The predictive value of measured GR was superior to estimated GR for liver failure (AUC = 0.79 vs 0.58; p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Both DH and GR after PVE are strong predictors of post-hepatectomy liver failure. Growth rate might be a better guide for the optimum timing of liver resection than static volumetric measurements. Measured volumetrics correlated with outcomes better than estimated volumetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Universe Leung
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amber L Simpson
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Raphael L C Araujo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Conor McAuliffe
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael I Miga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Peter J Allen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael I D'Angelica
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuman Fong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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