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He N, Thippabhotla S, Zhong C, Greenberg Z, Xu L, Pessetto Z, Godwin AK, Zeng Y, He M. Nano pom-poms prepared exosomes enable highly specific cancer biomarker detection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:660. [PMID: 35787656 PMCID: PMC9253007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Clara Biotech Inc., Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Sirisha Thippabhotla
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Cuncong Zhong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Zachary Greenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ziyan Pessetto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Ahn JH, Kang CK, Kim EM, Kim AR, Kim A. Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:395. [PMID: 35330146 PMCID: PMC8950253 DOI: 10.3390/life12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and most cases are non-muscle-invasive. A high recurrence rate is a critical problem in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The availability of few urine tests hinders the effective detection of superficial and small bladder tumors. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is associated with urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pain. Early detection is imperative, as intervention influences recurrence. Therefore, urinary biomarkers need to be developed to detect these bladder cancers. Recently, several protein candidates in the urine have been identified as biomarkers. In the present narrative review, the current status of the development of urinary protein biomarkers, including FDA-approved biomarkers, is summarized. Additionally, contemporary proteomic technologies, such as antibody-based methods, mass-spectrometry-based methods, and machine-learning-based diagnosis, are reported. Furthermore, new strategies for the rapid and correct profiling of potential biomarkers of bladder cancer in urine are introduced, along with their limitations. The advantages of urinary protein biomarkers and the development of several related technologies are highlighted in this review. Moreover, an in-depth understanding of the scientific background and available protocols in research and clinical applications of the surveillance of non-muscle bladder cancer is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hak Ahn
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Chan-Koo Kang
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Mee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
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Furuya H, Tabula L, Lee R, Kralovec P, Ramsden M, Wong R, Rosser CJ. Analytical validation of ONCURIA™ a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for the non-invasive bladder cancer detection. Pract Lab Med 2020; 22:e00189. [PMID: 33294574 PMCID: PMC7691749 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2020.e00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of our study was to assess the analytical performance of a multiplex assay (Oncuria™) to quantify protein biomarkers towards a bladder cancer associated diagnostic signature in voided urine. Method ology: Using Luminex xMAP technology, a custom immunoassay was developed to measure the concentrations of 10 urinary analytes (angiogenin, ANG; apolipoprotein E, APOE; alpha-1 antitrypsin, A1AT; carbonic anhydrase 9, CA9; interleukin 8, IL8; matrix metallopeptidase 9, MMP9; matrix metallopeptidase 10, MMP10; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAI1; syndecan 1, SDC1; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF). Selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, precision, linearity, dynamic range, and detection threshold were assessed using recombinant proteins and human urine samples. Analytical variability with respect to batch size, run, day, operator, and interference were also evaluated. Results Analytical evaluation demonstrated a) all antigen cross-reactivity was noted to be <1% of the tested concentration, b) minimal detected dose ranged from 0.295 pg/mL in IL8 to 31.1 pg/mL in APOE, c) highly reproducible and accurate noting coefficient of variation (CV) and relative error (RE) values below 15% for all analytes and d) minimal interference. The assay can be completed in <5 h using as little as 150 μL of voided urine. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first multiplex bead-based immunoassay for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer that has been analytically validated as a tool with the potential to help clinicians manage patients at risk of harboring bladder cancer. Cytology has changed little since its inception in 1947 and suffers from low detection sensitivity for bladder cancer. Oncuria™ is a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Oncuria™ has limited antigen cross-reactivity and interference and favorable detected dose and reproducibility. Oncuria ™, an accurate multiplex detection assay for bladder cancer, can be performed on <200 ul of urine in <5 hrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Furuya
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | | | - Riko Lee
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, 96813, USA
| | | | | | - Regan Wong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corp, Los Angeles, CA, 90010, USA
- Corresponding author. Nonagen Bioscience Corp, 3680 Wilshire Blvd, Ste P04-1399, Los Angeles, CA, 90010, USA.
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Aghebati-Maleki A, Nami S, Baghbanzadeh A, Karzar BH, Noorolyai S, Fotouhi A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Implications of exosomes as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21694-21706. [PMID: 31161617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes offer a new perspective on the biology of cancer with both diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Due to the cell-to-cell association, exosomes are involved in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy of the tumor. They can be isolated from blood and other body fluids to determine the disease progression in the body, including cancer growth. In addition to being reservoirs of biochemical markers of cancer, exomes can be designed to restore tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with different cells in the tumor microenvironment to confer beneficial modulations, responsible for stromal activity, angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, and immune evasion. Exosomes also contribute to the metastasis with the aim of epithelial transmission to the mesenchyme and the formation of premetastatic niches. Moreover, exosomes protect cells against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and prevent the transmission of chemotherapy resistance to adjacent cells. Therefore, exosomes are essential for many fatal cancer agents, and understanding their origins and role in cancer is important. In this article, we attempted to clarify the potential of exosomes for the application in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bita H Karzar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Leng W, Ni X, Sun C, Lu T, Malovannaya A, Jung SY, Huang Y, Qiu Y, Sun G, Holt MV, Ding C, Sun W, Men X, Shi T, Zhu W, Wang Y, He F, Zhen B, Wang G, Qin J. Proof-of-Concept Workflow for Establishing Reference Intervals of Human Urine Proteome for Monitoring Physiological and Pathological Changes. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:300-310. [PMID: 28396014 PMCID: PMC5405183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine as a true non-invasive sampling source holds great potential for biomarker discovery. While approximately 2000 proteins can be detected by mass spectrometry in urine from healthy people, the amount of these proteins vary considerably. A systematic evaluation of a large number of samples is needed to determine the range of the variations. Current biomarker studies often measure limited number of urine samples in the discovery phase, which makes it difficult to determine whether proteins differentially expressed between control and disease groups represent actual difference, or are just physiological variations among the individuals, leads to failures in the validation phase with the increased sample numbers. Here, we report a streamlined workflow with capacity of measuring 8 urine proteomes per day at the coverage of >1500 proteins. With this workflow, we evaluated variations in 497 urine proteomes from 167 healthy donors, establishing reference intervals (RIs) that covered urine protein variations. We demonstrated that RIs could be used to monitor physiological changes by detecting transient outlier proteins. Furthermore, we provided a RIs-based algorithm for biomarker discovery and validation to screen for diseases such as cancer. This study provided a proof-of-principle workflow for the use of urine proteome for health monitoring and disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaotian Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guannan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuebo Men
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China; Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Quantitative Analysis of Differential Proteome Expression in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Bladder Epithelial Cells Using SILAC Method. Molecules 2016; 21:84. [PMID: 26784156 PMCID: PMC6273313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential biological process involved in embryonic development, cancer progression, and metastatic diseases. EMT has often been used as a model for elucidating the mechanisms that underlie bladder cancer progression. However, no study to date has addressed the quantitative global variation of proteins in EMT using normal and non-malignant bladder cells. We treated normal bladder epithelial HCV29 cells and low grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer KK47 cells with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to establish an EMT model, and studied non-treated and treated HCV29 and KK47 cells by the stable isotope labeling amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) method. Labeled proteins were analyzed by 2D ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography/LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Among a total of 2994 unique identified and annotated proteins in HCV29 and KK47 cells undergoing EMT, 48 and 56 proteins, respectively, were significantly upregulated, and 106 and 24 proteins were significantly downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis and pathways analysis indicated that the differentially regulated proteins were involved mainly in enhancement of DNA maintenance and inhibition of cell-cell adhesion. Proteomes were compared for bladder cell EMT vs. bladder cancer cells, revealing 16 proteins that displayed similar changes in the two situations. Studies are in progress to further characterize these 16 proteins and their biological functions in EMT.
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Yang G, Xu Z, Lu W, Li X, Sun C, Guo J, Xue P, Guan F. Quantitative Analysis of Differential Proteome Expression in Bladder Cancer vs. Normal Bladder Cells Using SILAC Method. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134727. [PMID: 26230496 PMCID: PMC4521931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The best way to increase patient survival rate is to identify patients who are likely to progress to muscle-invasive or metastatic disease upfront and treat them more aggressively. The human cell lines HCV29 (normal bladder epithelia), KK47 (low grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC), and YTS1 (metastatic bladder cancer) have been widely used in studies of molecular mechanisms and cell signaling during bladder cancer (BC) progression. However, little attention has been paid to global quantitative proteome analysis of these three cell lines. We labeled HCV29, KK47, and YTS1 cells by the SILAC method using three stable isotopes each of arginine and lysine. Labeled proteins were analyzed by 2D ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Among 3721 unique identified and annotated proteins in KK47 and YTS1 cells, 36 were significantly upregulated and 74 were significantly downregulated with >95% confidence. Differential expression of these proteins was confirmed by western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR, and cell staining with specific antibodies. Gene ontology (GO) term and pathway analysis indicated that the differentially regulated proteins were involved in DNA replication and molecular transport, cell growth and proliferation, cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, and cell death and survival. These proteins and the advanced proteome techniques described here will be useful for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms in BC and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (FG)
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (FG)
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Kageyama S, Isono T, Iwaki H, Hanada E, Tomita K, Yoshida T, Yoshiki T, Kawauchi A. Proteome research in urothelial carcinoma. Int J Urol 2015; 22:621-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Isono
- Central Research Laboratory; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga
| | - Hideaki Iwaki
- Department of Urology; Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Eiki Hanada
- Department of Urology; Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Keiji Tomita
- Department of Urology; Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Yoshiki
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
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Urquidi V, Goodison S, Cai Y, Sun Y, Rosser CJ. A candidate molecular biomarker panel for the detection of bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2149-58. [PMID: 23097579 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide, and due to high rates of recurrence, one of the most prevalent. Improvements in noninvasive urine-based assays to detect bladder cancer would benefit both patients and health care systems. In this study, the goal was to identify urothelial cell transcriptomic signatures associated with bladder cancer. METHODS Gene expression profiling (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays) was applied to exfoliated urothelia obtained from a cohort of 92 subjects with known bladder disease status. Computational analyses identified candidate biomarkers of bladder cancer and an optimal predictive model was derived. Selected targets from the profiling analyses were monitored in an independent cohort of 81 subjects using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS Transcriptome profiling data analysis identified 52 genes associated with bladder cancer (P ≤ 0.001) and gene models that optimally predicted class label were derived. RT-PCR analysis of 48 selected targets in an independent cohort identified a 14-gene diagnostic signature that predicted the presence of bladder cancer with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Exfoliated urothelia sampling provides a robust analyte for the evaluation of patients with suspected bladder cancer. The refinement and validation of the multigene urothelial cell signatures identified in this preliminary study may lead to accurate, noninvasive assays for the detection of bladder cancer. IMPACT The development of an accurate, noninvasive bladder cancer detection assay would benefit both the patient and health care systems through better detection, monitoring, and control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Urquidi
- Cancer Research Institute, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
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10
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Majewski T, Spiess PE, Bondaruk J, Black P, Clarke C, Benedict W, Dinney CP, Grossman HB, Tang KS, Czerniak B. Detection of bladder cancer using proteomic profiling of urine sediments. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42452. [PMID: 22879988 PMCID: PMC3411788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used protein expression profiles to develop a classification rule for the detection and prognostic assessment of bladder cancer in voided urine samples. Using the Ciphergen PBS II ProteinChip Reader, we analyzed the protein profiles of 18 pairs of samples of bladder tumor and adjacent urothelium tissue, a training set of 85 voided urine samples (32 controls and 53 bladder cancer), and a blinded testing set of 68 voided urine samples (33 controls and 35 bladder cancer). Using t-tests, we identified 473 peaks showing significant differential expression across different categories of paired bladder tumor and adjacent urothelial samples compared to normal urothelium. Then the intensities of those 473 peaks were examined in a training set of voided urine samples. Using this approach, we identified 41 protein peaks that were differentially expressed in both sets of samples. The expression pattern of the 41 protein peaks was used to classify the voided urine samples as malignant or benign. This approach yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 90%, respectively, on the training set and 80% and 100%, respectively, on the testing set. The proteomic classification rule performed with similar accuracy in low- and high-grade bladder carcinomas. In addition, we used hierarchical clustering with all 473 protein peaks on 65 benign voided urine samples, 88 samples from patients with clinically evident bladder cancer, and 127 samples from patients with a history of bladder cancer to classify the samples into Cluster A or B. The tumors in Cluster B were characterized by clinically aggressive behavior with significantly shorter metastasis-free and disease-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Majewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philippe E. Spiess
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Bondaruk
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Black
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - William Benedict
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Herbert Barton Grossman
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kuang S. Tang
- Department of Biostatistics & Applied Math, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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He W, Huang C, Luo G, Prà ID, Feng J, Chen W, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen X, Tan J, Zhang X, Armato U, Wu J. A stable panel comprising 18 urinary proteins in the human healthy population. Proteomics 2012; 12:1059-72. [PMID: 22522811 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Chibing Huang
- Department of Urology; Xinqiao Hospital; The Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Histology & Embryology Section; Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Jiayu Feng
- Department of Urology; Xinqiao Hospital; The Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Wei Chen
- Agilent Technologies (China); Beijing; China
| | - Li Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Jiangling Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Histology & Embryology Section; Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona; Italy
| | - Jun Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; China
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12
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Casado-Vela J, Gómez del Pulgar T, Cebrián A, Alvarez-Ayerza N, Lacal JC. Human urine proteomics: building a list of human urine cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:347-60. [PMID: 21679116 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, several reports have focused on the identification and characterization of proteins present in urine. In an effort to build a list of proteins of interest as biomarkers, we reviewed the largest urine proteomes and built two updated lists of proteins of interest (available as supplementary tables). The first table includes a consensus list of 443 proteins found in urine by independent laboratories and reported on the top three largest urine proteomes currently published. This consensus list of proteins could serve as biomarkers to diagnose, monitor and manage a number of diseases. Here, we focus on a reduced list of 35 proteins with potential interest as cancer biomarkers in urine following two criteria: first, proteins previously detected in urine using bottom-up proteomic experiments, and second, those suggested as cancer protein biomarkers in human plasma. In an effort to standardize the information presented and its use in future studies, here we include the updated International Protein Index (v. 3.80) and primary Swiss-Prot accession numbers, official gene symbols and recommended full names. The main variables that influence urine proteomic experiments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado-Vela
- Translational Oncology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zürbig P, Dihazi H, Metzger J, Thongboonkerd V, Vlahou A. Urine proteomics in kidney and urogenital diseases: Moving towards clinical applications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 5:256-68. [PMID: 21591267 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To date, multiple biomarker discovery studies in urine have been conducted. Nevertheless, the rate of progression of these biomarkers to qualification and even more clinical application is extremely low. The scope of this article is to provide an overview of main clinically relevant proteomic findings from urine focusing on kidney diseases, bladder and prostate cancers. In addition, approaches for promoting the use of urine in clinical proteomics including potential means to facilitate the validation of existing promising findings (biomarker candidates identified from previous studies) and to increase the chances for success for the identification of new biomarkers are discussed.
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14
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Applications of urinary proteomics in biomarker discovery. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Schwamborn K, Gaisa NT, Henkel C. Tissue and serum proteomic profiling for diagnostic and prognostic bladder cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:897-906. [PMID: 21142890 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A panel of biomarkers for the early detection of bladder cancer has not yet been identified. Many different molecules, including DNA, RNA or proteins have been reported but none have provided adequate sensitivity for a single-tier screening test or a test to replace cystoscopy. Therefore, multimarker panels are discussed at present to give a more-precise answer to the biomarker quest. Mass spectrometry or 2D gel-electrophoresis have evolved greatly within recent years and are capable of analyzing multiple proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity. However, transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another is still the main pitfall of those methods; a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO). In this article, recent results in screening approaches and other proteomic techniques used for biomarker evaluation in bladder cancer are discussed with a focus on serum and tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Clinical proteomics: Current techniques and potential applications in the elderly. Maturitas 2011; 68:233-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Schiffer E. Urinary proteomics: ready for prime time in urological cancer diagnostics? Per Med 2011; 8:81-94. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of clinical proteomics on the diagnosis and treatment of urological malignancies is modest in comparison with the high expectations of the past. However, most available studies suffer from flawed clinical designs rather than from technical limitations. This article will briefly introduce the main technological approaches taken, their advantages and disadvantages and will highlight the different challenges associated with urinary proteome analysis. Furthermore, several examples of the successful application of urinary clinical proteomics in the field of prostate and bladder cancer will be introduced. These examples suggest careful validation of novel biomarkers, appropriate study designs using blinded cohorts enrolled from appropriate target populations and the standardization of techniques as key elements required for successful urinary proteomics studies. These prerequisites are essential for turning the old promise of a personalized medicine approach into a new reality to optimize patients’ preventive and therapeutic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schiffer
- Mosaiques diagnostics GmbH, Mellendorfer Str. 7–9, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Bladder cancer: translating molecular genetic insights into clinical practice. Hum Pathol 2010; 42:455-81. [PMID: 21106220 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common urologic malignancy and is one of the best understood neoplasms, with relatively well-defined pathogenetic pathways, natural history, and tumor biology. Conventional clinical and pathologic parameters are widely used to grade and stage tumors and to predict clinical outcome of transitional cell carcinoma; but the predictive ability of these parameters is limited, and there is a lack of indices that could allow prospective assessment of risk for individual patients. In the last decade, a wide range of candidate biomarkers representing key pathways in carcinogenesis have been reported to be clinically relevant and potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers, and as potential therapeutic targets. The use of molecular markers has facilitated the development of novel and more accurate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies. FGFR3 and TP53 mutations have been recognized as key genetic pathways in the carcinogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma. FGFR3 appears to be the most frequently mutated oncogene in transitional cell carcinoma; its mutation is strongly associated with low tumor grade, early stage, and low recurrence rate, which confer a better overall prognosis. In contrast, TP53 mutations are associated with higher tumor grade, more advanced stage, and more frequent tumor recurrences. These molecular markers offer the potential to characterize individual urothelial neoplasms more completely than is possible by histologic evaluation alone. Areas in which molecular markers may prove valuable include prediction of tumor recurrence, molecular staging of transitional cell carcinoma, detection of lymph node metastasis and circulating cancer cells, identification of therapeutic targets, and prediction of response to therapy. With accumulating molecular knowledge of transitional cell carcinoma, we are closer to the goal of bridging the gap between molecular findings and clinical outcomes. Assessment of key genetic pathways and expression profiles could ultimately establish a set of molecular markers to predict the biological nature of tumors and to establish new standards for molecular tumor grading, classification, and prognostication. The main focus of this review is to discuss clinically relevant biomarkers that might be useful in the management of transitional cell carcinoma and to provide approaches in the analysis of molecular pathways that influence the clinical course of bladder cancer.
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Righetti PG, Boschetti E, Kravchuk AV, Fasoli E. The proteome buccaneers: how to unearth your treasure chest via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:373-85. [PMID: 20536309 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The latest advances in combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, with their unique performance in discovering low-abundance species in proteomes, are reviewed here. Explanations of mechanism, potential applications, capture of proteomes at different pH values to enhance the total catch and quantitative elutions, such as boiling in the presence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 3% dithiothreitol are included. The reproducibility of protein capture among different experiments with the same batch of beads or with different batches is also reported to be very high, with coefficient of variations in the order of 10-20%. Miniaturized operations, consisting of capture with as little as 20 or even 5 microl of peptide beads are reported, thus demonstrating that the described technology could be exploited for routine biomarker discovery in a biomedical environment. Finally, it is shown that the signal of captured proteins is linear over approximately three orders of magnitude, ranging from nM to microM, thus ensuring that differential quantitative proteomics for biomarker discovery can be fully implemented, providing species do not saturate their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Via Mancinelli 7, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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20
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Bryan RT, Wallace MA. IS IT TIME TO RE-DESIGN THE HAEMATURIA CLINIC? BJU Int 2009; 105:1478-9; author reply 1479. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09395_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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