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Li J, Xu Y, Long XD, Wang W, Jiao HK, Mei Z, Yin QQ, Ma LN, Zhou AW, Wang LS, Yao M, Xia Q, Chen GQ. Cbx4 governs HIF-1α to potentiate angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by its SUMO E3 ligase activity. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:118-31. [PMID: 24434214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cbx4 is a polycomb group protein that is also a SUMO E3 ligase, but its potential roles in tumorigenesis remain to be explored. Here, we report that Cbx4, but not other members of the Cbx family, enhances hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through enhancing HIF-1α sumoylations at K391 and K477 in its two SUMO-interacting motifs-dependent mechanisms and increasing transcriptional activity of HIF-1. The Cbx4 expression is significantly correlated with VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and the overall survival of HCC patients and also in subcutaneously and orthotopically transplanted mice HCC models. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Cbx4 plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis by governing HIF-1α protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xi-Dai Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200021, China; Department of Pathology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guang-Xi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Ke Jiao
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ai-Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Liver Surgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Liu R, Li Q, Ma R, Lin X, Xu H, Bi K. Determination of polyamine metabolome in plasma and urine by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method: application to identify potential markers for human hepatic cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 791:36-45. [PMID: 23890604 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential relationship between cancer and polyamine metabolome, a UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of polyamine precursors, polyamines, polyamine catabolite in human plasma and urine. Polyamine precursors including L-ornithine, lysine, L-arginine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine; polyamines including 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, N-acetylputrescine, N-acetylspermine and N-acetylspermidine; polyamine catabolite including γ-aminobutyric acid had been determined. The analytes were extracted from plasma and urine samples by protein precipitation procedure, and then separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column with 0.05% heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in methanol and 0.05% HFBA in water. The detection was performed on UHPLC-MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source in the positive ion and multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The limits of quantitation for all analytes were within 0.125-31.25 ng mL(-1) in plasma and urine. The absolute recoveries of analytes from plasma and urine were all more than 50%. By means of the method developed, the plasma and urine samples from hepatic cancer patients and healthy age-matched volunteers had been successfully determined. Results showed that putrescine and spermidine in hepatic cancerous plasma were significant higher than those in healthy ones, while spermidine, spermine and N-acetylspermidine in hepatic cancerous urine were significant higher than those in healthy ones. The methods demonstrated the changes of polyamine metabolome occurring in plasma and urine from human subjects with hepatic cancer. It could be a powerful manner to indicate and treat hepatic cancer in its earliest indicative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Balabanov S, Evans CA, Abraham SA, Pellicano F, Copland M, Walker MJ, Whetton AD, Holyoake TL. Quantitative proteomics analysis of BMS-214662 effects on CD34 positive cells from chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. Proteomics 2013. [PMID: 23184491 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) arises in a haemopoietic stem cell and is driven by the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Abl kinase inhibitors (protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors) represent standard treatment for CML and induce remission in the majority of patients with early disease, however these drugs do not target leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) effectively, thus preventing cure. Previously, we identified the farnesyl transferase inhibitor BMS-214662 as a selective inducer of apoptosis in LSCs of CML patients relative to normal controls; however, the mechanism underlying LSC-specific apoptosis remains unclear. To identify pathways involved in the favourable effects of BMS-214662 in CML, we employed a proteomic approach (based on iTRAQ) to analyse changes in protein expression in response to drug treatment in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of CD34(+) CML cells. The study identified 88 proteins as altered after drug treatment, which included proteins known to be involved in nucleic acid metabolism, oncogenesis, developmental processes and intracellular protein trafficking. We found that expression of Ebp1, a negative regulator of proliferation, was upregulated in the nucleus of BMS-214662-treated cells. Furthermore, proteins showing altered levels in the cytosol, such as histones, were predominantly derived from the nucleus and BMS-214662 affected expression levels of nuclear pore complex proteins. Validation of key facets of these observations suggests that drug-induced alterations in protein localisation, potentially via loss of nuclear membrane integrity, contributes to the LSC specificity of BMS-214662, possibly via Ran proteins as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Balabanov
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Using best-worst scaling in horizon scanning for hepatocellular carcinoma technologies. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2013; 28:339-46. [PMID: 22980714 DOI: 10.1017/s026646231200027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing need for efficient procedures for identification of emerging technologies by horizon scanning systems. We demonstrate the value of best-worst scaling (BWS) in exploring clinicians' views on emerging technologies that will impact outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the next 5 to 10 years. METHODS Clinicians in Asia, Europe, and the United States were surveyed and their views about eleven emerging technologies relevant to HCC were explored using BWS (case 1). This involved systematically presenting respondents with subsets of five technologies and asking them to identify those that will have the most and least impact on HCC within 5 to 10 years. Statistical analysis was based on sequential best-worst and analyzed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 120 clinicians uniformly distributed across ten countries completed the survey (37 percent response rate). Respondents were predominately hepatologist (41 percent) who focused on HCC (65 percent) and had national influence in this field (39 percent). Respondents viewed molecular targeted therapy (p < .001) and early detection of HCC (p < .001) as having most potential, while improved surgical techniques (p < .001) and biopsy free HCC diagnostics (p < .001) were viewed upon negatively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that BWS could be an important research tool to facilitate horizon scanning and HTA more broadly. Our research demonstrates the value of including clinicians' preferences as a source of data in horizon scanning, but such methods could be used to incorporate the opinions of a broad array of stakeholders, including those in advocacy and public policy.
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Shukla HD, Vaitiekunas P, Cotter RJ. Advances in membrane proteomics and cancer biomarker discovery: current status and future perspective. Proteomics 2012; 12:3085-104. [PMID: 22890602 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteomic analysis has been proven to be a promising tool for identifying new and specific biomarkers that can be used for prognosis and monitoring of various cancers. Membrane proteins are of great interest particularly those with functional domains exposed to the extracellular environment. Integral membrane proteins represent about one-third of the proteins encoded by the human genome and assume a variety of key biological functions, such as cell-to-cell communication, receptor-mediated signal transduction, selective transport, and pharmacological actions. More than two-thirds of membrane proteins are drug targets, highlighting their immensely important pharmaceutical significance. Most plasma membrane proteins and proteins from other cellular membranes have several PTMs; for example, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and nitrosylation, and moreover, PTMs of proteins are known to play a key role in tumor biology. These modifications often cause change in stoichiometry and microheterogeneity in a protein molecule, which is apparent during electrophoretic separation. Furthermore, the analysis of glyco- and phosphoproteome of cell membrane presents a number of challenges mainly due to their low abundance, their large dynamic range, and the inherent hydrophobicity of membrane proteins. Under pathological conditions, PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation are frequently altered and have been recognized as a potential source for disease biomarkers. Thus, their accurate differential expression analysis, along with differential PTM analysis is of paramount importance. Here we summarize the current status of membrane-based biomarkers in various cancers, and future perspective of membrane biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem D Shukla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Ummanni R, Barreto F, Venz S, Scharf C, Barett C, Mannsperger HA, Brase JC, Kuner R, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Sültmann H, Korf U, Bokemeyer C, Walther R, Brümmendorf TH, Balabanov S. Peroxiredoxins 3 and 4 are overexpressed in prostate cancer tissue and affect the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2452-66. [PMID: 22424448 DOI: 10.1021/pr201172n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the proteome profiling of surgically treated prostate cancers. Hereto, 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry were performed for protein identification, and data validation for peroxiredoxin 3 and 4 (PRDX3 and PRDX4) was accomplished by reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA). The Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) method was applied to assess whether the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion could influence the degree of overexpression of PRDX3 and PRDX4 in prostate cancer. Lastly, we performed an in vitro functional characterization of both PRDX3 and PRDX4 using the classical human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and LNCaP. Reverse phase protein arrays verified that the overexpression of both PRDX3 and PRDX4 in tumor samples is negatively correlated with the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. Functional characterization of PRDX3 and PRDX4 activity in PCa cell lines suggests a role of these members of the peroxiredoxin family in the pathophysiology of this tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone marrow transplantation, section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumour Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Circulating tumor cells measurements in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:684802. [PMID: 22690340 PMCID: PMC3368319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women. During the past 20 years, the incidence of HCC has tripled while the 5-year survival rate has remained below 12%. The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) reflects the aggressiveness nature of a tumor. Many attempts have been made to develop assays that reliably detect and enumerate the CTC during the development of the HCC. In this case, the challenges are (1) there are few markers specific to the HCC (tumor cells versus nontumor cells) and (2) they can be used to quantify the number of CTC in the bloodstream. Another technical challenge consists of finding few CTC mixed with million leukocytes and billion erythrocytes. CTC detection and identification can be used to estimate prognosis and may serve as an early marker to assess antitumor activity of treatment. CTC can also be used to predict progression-free survival and overall survival. CTC are an interesting source of biological information in order to understand dissemination, drug resistance, and treatment-induced cell death. Our aim is to review and analyze the different new methods existing to detect, enumerate, and characterize the CTC in the peripheral circulation of patients with HCC.
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Abstract
To identify Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) expression in HCC for serum biomarker, by analyzing the serum proteome of the patients suffering from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cirrhosis and healthy donors. The serum proteome of the patients from HCC, liver cirrhosis and healthy donors were separated and identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprint based on MALDI-TOF-MS and SWISS-PROT or BLAST nr database searching. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to confirm expression of ZAG in HCC. Five differentially expressed proteins were identified. Albumin, Serotransferrin, CD5 antigen-like precursor ( IgM - associated peptide) were down-regulated in HCC, ZAG and Ig gamma-1 chain C region were up-regulated in HCC. ZAG, a lipid mobilizing factor, is a member of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I family of protein. Five proteins which were found differentially expressed in HCC provided useful information for screening diagnostic tumor markers of human HCC. ZAG might be a novel candidate serum biomarker for HCC early diagnosis.
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Deciphering squamous cell carcinoma using multidimensional genomic approaches. J Skin Cancer 2010; 2011:541405. [PMID: 21234096 PMCID: PMC3017908 DOI: 10.1155/2011/541405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) arise in a wide range of tissues including skin, lung, and oral mucosa. Although all SqCCs are epithelial in origin and share common nomenclature, these cancers differ greatly with respect to incidence, prognosis, and treatment. Current knowledge of genetic similarities and differences between SqCCs is insufficient to describe the biology of these cancers, which arise from diverse tissue origins. In this paper we provide a general overview of whole genome approaches for gene and pathway discovery and highlight the advancement of integrative genomics as a state-of-the-art technology in the study of SqCC genetics.
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Chari R, Thu KL, Wilson IM, Lockwood WW, Lonergan KM, Coe BP, Malloff CA, Gazdar AF, Lam S, Garnis C, MacAulay CE, Alvarez CE, Lam WL. Integrating the multiple dimensions of genomic and epigenomic landscapes of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:73-93. [PMID: 20108112 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput, genome-wide profiling technologies have allowed for an unprecedented view of the cancer genome landscape. Specifically, high-density microarrays and sequencing-based strategies have been widely utilized to identify genetic (such as gene dosage, allelic status, and mutations in gene sequence) and epigenetic (such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA) aberrations in cancer. Although the application of these profiling technologies in unidimensional analyses has been instrumental in cancer gene discovery, genes affected by low-frequency events are often overlooked. The integrative approach of analyzing parallel dimensions has enabled the identification of (a) genes that are often disrupted by multiple mechanisms but at low frequencies by any one mechanism and (b) pathways that are often disrupted at multiple components but at low frequencies at individual components. These benefits of using an integrative approach illustrate the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. As efforts have now turned toward parallel and integrative multidimensional approaches for studying the cancer genome landscape in hopes of obtaining a more insightful understanding of the key genes and pathways driving cancer cells, this review describes key findings disseminating from such high-throughput, integrative analyses, including contributions to our understanding of causative genetic events in cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Chari
- Genetics Unit - Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Differential proteomics identification of HSP90 as potential serum biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1423-33. [PMID: 20480028 PMCID: PMC2871124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to identify the potential biomarkers involved in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis. A comparative proteomics approach was utilized to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the serum of 10 HCC patients and 10 controls. A total of 12 significantly altered proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Of the 12 proteins identified, HSP90 was one of the most significantly altered proteins and its over-expression in the serum of 20 HCC patients was confirmed using ELISA analysis. The observations suggest that HSP90 might be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring in the therapy of HCC. This work demonstrates that a comprehensive strategy of proteomic identification combined with further validation should be adopted in the field of cancer biomarker discovery.
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