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Zuo L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Qi X. Diagnostic Value of Serum KL-6 in Interstitial Lung Diseases. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3649-3661. [PMID: 39193261 PMCID: PMC11348927 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s435754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore serum KL-6 level and investigate its diagnostic value in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Methods Serum KL-6 level was measured using the chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed for determining the KL-6 concentration of each group. Results KL-6 level (U/mL) in the ILD group was 1388.321 ±1943.116, which was higher than that in the control group, showing a significant statistical difference. ROC curve analysis based on the receiver operating characteristic curve showed the optimal cut-off value of 402.5U/mL, sensitivity of 77.4%, specificity of 93.4%, and accuracy of 89.4%; through Chi-square test with the two groups, the positive rate of KL-6 in patients with ILD was proved to be significantly higher than that in the control group. KL-6 level was 1063.00±504.757 in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) group, 1346.892 ±1827.252 in the connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) group, 467.889±288.859 in the organizing pneumonia (OP) group, 8252.333±6050.625 in the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) group, and 359.200±392.707 in the sarcoidosis group. The rank sum test showed that the differences were statistically significant. KL-6 level was the lowest in the sarcoidosis group, followed by that in the OP group. Conclusion Serum KL-6 level was confirmed to be highly sensitive, specific, and accurate in the diagnosis of ILD. Subgroup analysis showed that the KL-6 level was the lowest in the sarcoidosis group, followed by that in the OP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, 100074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- General Practice Clinic, Sijiqing Town Community Health Service Center of Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wangtai Branch of Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, 048006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, 100074, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Jiang D, Xiao H, Dong R, Geng J, Xie B, Ren Y, Dai H. Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels in untreated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:234-243. [PMID: 35081277 PMCID: PMC9060088 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Serum Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) has been reported to be elevated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of KL‐6 and whether the expression value of KL‐6 could indicate the severity of the disease in IPF patients. To address this question, it is necessary to see whether the patients' physical characteristics and other clinical conditions could affect the baseline KL‐6 level. Design We conducted a study of 100 patients who were diagnosed with IPF. Lung function, computed tomography (CT), and serological lab tests data were analyzed. Results The tests showed that there is a significant elevation of KL‐6 in IPF patients compared with other interstitial lung disease (ILD) and healthy controls. It was noted that serum KL‐6 is a stable biomarker not affected by lung infection and smoking, though IPF patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA) showed higher KL‐6 levels. KL‐6, in conjunction with poor pulmonary function and higher radiological fibrosis scores, indicates the severity of the disease but not poor survival. Conclusions It is identified that serum KL‐6 is a useful noninvasive biomarker to help improve the certainty of IPF diagnosis from other interstitial lung disease and assist evaluation of disease severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Run Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Mostafa AI, Salem AE, Ahmed HAM, Bayoumi AI, Halim RMA, Samie RMA. Role of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) in Assessing Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2021; 84:200-208. [PMID: 33840176 PMCID: PMC8273016 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an increasingly recognized form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is now classified as a human MUC1 mucin protein, and regenerating type II pneumocytes are the primary cellular source of KL-6/MUC1 in the affected lungs of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Serum KL-6/MUC1 levels have been demonstrated to be useful for the evaluation of various ILD. To determine the role of circulating KL-6 in evaluating the disease activity and management of HP. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients with HP and 20 healthy controls. Serum KL-6 levels were measured in both groups. Patients were further assessed based on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, bronchioalveolar lavage, and/or transbronchial biopsy. Patients were divided into the fibrotic and non-fibrotic groups according to the HRCT findings. Results The median serum KL-6 levels were significantly higher in HP patients as compared to the control group. The median serum KL-6 levels were found to be higher in the non-fibrotic HP group (1,900 IU/mL) as compared to the fibrotic group (1,200 IU/mL). There was a significant inverse correlation between serum KL-6 serum level and the dose of steroids as well as the duration of steroid therapy. Conclusion The presence of higher KL-6 levels in the non-fibrotic HP group implies its enhanced production by regenerating pneumocytes in response to alveolar injury. The significant association between serum KL-6 levels and the dose and the duration of steroid therapy emphasizes the significant role of steroids in the stabilization of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Ismail Mostafa
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Elsayed Salem
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Heba Allah Moussa Ahmed
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Aml Ibrahim Bayoumi
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Radwa M Abdel Halim
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Abdel Samie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt
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Baralla A, Fois AG, Sotgiu E, Zinellu E, Mangoni AA, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Pirina P, Carru C. Plasma Proteomic Signatures in Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700088. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Baralla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Alessandro G. Fois
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
- Quality Control Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari; Sassari Italy
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Menon B, Tiwari M, Gopi A, Raj P, Panwar K. Serum krebs von den lungen-6 (KL-6): a promising biomarker in sarcoidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojcrr.2018.01.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Horimasu Y, Ishikawa N, Taniwaki M, Yamaguchi K, Hamai K, Iwamoto H, Ohshimo S, Hamada H, Hattori N, Okada M, Arihiro K, Ohtsuki Y, Kohno N. Gene expression profiling of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs): identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:88. [PMID: 28821283 PMCID: PMC5562997 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is characterized by alveolar epithelial damage, activation of fibroblast proliferation, and loss of normal pulmonary architecture and function. This study aims to investigate the genetic backgrounds of IIP through gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, and to identify potential biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis and serve as novel therapeutic targets. METHODS RNA extracted from lung specimens of 12 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was profiled using Illumina Human WG-6 v3 BeadChips, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify altered functional and canonical signaling pathways. For validating the results from gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical staining of 10 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was performed. RESULTS Ninety-eight genes were upregulated in IIP patients relative to control subjects. Some of the upregulated genes, namely desmoglein 3 (DSG3), protocadherin gamma-A9 (PCDHGA9) and discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 (DDR1) are implicated in cell-cell interaction and/or adhesion; some, namely collagen type VII, alpha 1 (COL7A1), contactin-associated protein-like 3B (CNTNAP3B) and mucin-1 (MUC1) are encoding the extracellular matrix molecule or the molecules involved in cell-matrix interactions; and the others, namely CDC25C and growth factor independent protein 1B (GFI1B) are known to affect cell proliferation by affecting the progression of cell cycle or regulating transcription. According to pathway analysis, alternated pathways in IIP were related to cell death and survival and cellular growth and proliferation, which are more similar to cancer than to inflammatory response and immunological diseases. Using immunohistochemistry, we further validate that DSG3, the most highly upregulated gene, shows higher expression in chronic fibrosing IIP lung as compared to control lung. CONCLUSION We identified several genes upregulated in chronic fibrosing IIP patients as compared to control, and found genes and pathways implicated in cancer, rather than in inflammatory or immunological disease to play important roles in the pathogenesis of IIPs. Moreover, DSG3 is a novel potential biomarker for chronic fibrosing IIP with its significantly high expression in IIP lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530 Japan
| | - Masaya Taniwaki
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamai
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Yuji Ohtsuki
- Division of Pathology, Matsuyama-shimin Hospital, 2-6-5 Ohtemachi, Matsuyama, 790-0067 Japan
| | - Nobuoki Kohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
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Ohlmeier S, Nieminen P, Gao J, Kanerva T, Rönty M, Toljamo T, Bergmann U, Mazur W, Pulkkinen V. Lung tissue proteomics identifies elevated transglutaminase 2 levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1155-65. [PMID: 27084846 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00021.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by irreversible airflow limitation. Cigarette smoking represents the main risk factor, but the specific mechanisms of COPD are not completely understood. Our aim was to identify COPD-specific proteomic changes involved in disease onset and severity. A comparative proteomic analysis of 51 lung tissues from nonsmokers, smokers, smokers with mild to moderate (stage I-II) COPD, severe to very severe COPD (stage III-IV), and patients with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was performed by cysteine-specific two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry. Selected COPD-specific changes were validated by immunoblotting and further by ELISA in 120 induced sputum and plasma samples from nonsmokers, smokers, and patients with COPD (stage I-III). Altogether 82 altered proteins were identified comprising COPD-, AATD-, and IPF-specific, overlapping, and unspecific changes. Cathepsin D (CTSD), dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYSL2), transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), and tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1) were validated as COPD-specific. TGM2 was not associated with smoking and correlated with COPD severity in lung tissue. TGM2 levels in sputum and plasma were elevated in patients with COPD (stage II-III) and correlated with lung function. In conclusion, new proteins related to COPD onset and severity could be identified with TGM2 being a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for COPD. Further studies in carefully characterized cohorts are required to validate the identified changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Group, University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - Jing Gao
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | - Tinja Kanerva
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | - Mikko Rönty
- HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki; and
| | - Tuula Toljamo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - Witold Mazur
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | - Ville Pulkkinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki;
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Lilja-Maula LIO, Palviainen MJ, Heikkilä HP, Raekallio MR, Rajamäki MM. Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from West Highland White Terriers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, dogs with chronic bronchitis, and healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:148-54. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Horimasu Y, Hattori N, Ishikawa N, Kawase S, Tanaka S, Yoshioka K, Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Bonella F, Guzman J, Ohshimo S, Costabel U. Different MUC1 gene polymorphisms in German and Japanese ethnicities affect serum KL-6 levels. Respir Med 2012; 106:1756-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
This review provides an introduction to mass spectrometry based proteomics and discusses several proteomics approaches that are relevant in understanding the pathophysiology of fibrotic disorders and the approaches that are frequently used in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gucek
- NHLBI Proteomics Core , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Yokoyama A, Kohno N. Utility of KL-6/MUC1 in the clinical management of interstitial lung diseases. Respir Investig 2012; 50:3-13. [PMID: 22554854 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of pulmonary disorders characterized by various patterns of inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitium of the lung. Because injury and/or regeneration of type II pneumocytes are prominent histological features of ILDs, substances derived from type II pneumocytes have been the focus of research investigating potential biomarkers for ILD. One important biomarker for ILD is the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6). KL-6 is now classified as a human MUC1 mucin protein, and regenerating type II pneumocytes are the primary cellular source of KL-6/MUC1 in the affected lungs of patients with ILD. KL-6/MUC1 is detectable in the serum of patients with ILD, and extensive investigations performed primarily in Japan have revealed that serum KL-6/MUC1 is elevated in 70-100% of patients with various ILDs, including idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, radiation pneumonitis, drug-induced ILDs, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The results from these various studies have supported the utility of KL-6/MUC1 as a serum biomarker for detecting these various ILDs. Moreover, KL-6/MUC1 serum levels have been demonstrated to be useful for evaluating disease activity and predicting the clinical outcomes of various ILD types. Based on these observations, we believe that KL-6/MUC1 is currently one of the best and most reliable serum biomarkers available for ILD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Kosanam H, Sato M, Batruch I, Smith C, Keshavjee S, Liu M, Diamandis EP. Differential proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung transplant patients with and without chronic graft dysfunction. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Ohlmeier S, Mazur W, Linja-Aho A, Louhelainen N, Rönty M, Toljamo T, Bergmann U, Kinnula VL. Sputum proteomics identifies elevated PIGR levels in smokers and mild-to-moderate COPD. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:599-608. [PMID: 22053820 DOI: 10.1021/pr2006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. However, the exact mechanisms leading to COPD and its progression are still poorly understood. In this study, induced sputum was analyzed by cysteine-specific two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry to identify proteins involved in COPD pathogenesis. The comparison of nonsmokers, smokers, and smokers with moderate COPD revealed 15 changed proteins with the majority, including polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), being elevated in smokers and subjects with COPD. PIGR, which is involved in specific immune defense and inflammation, was further studied in sputum, lung tissue, and plasma by Western blot, immunohistochemistry/image analysis, and/or ELISA. Sputum PIGR was characterized as glycosylated secretory component (SC). Lung PIGR was significantly elevated in the bronchial and alveolar epithelium of smokers and further increased in the alveolar area in mild to moderate COPD. Plasma PIGR was elevated in smokers and smokers with COPD compared to nonsmokers with significant correlation to obstruction. In conclusion, new proteins in smoking-related chronic inflammation and COPD could be identified, with SC/PIGR being one of the most prominent not only in the lung but also in circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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O'Neil SE, Lundbäck B, Lötvall J. Proteomics in asthma and COPD phenotypes and endotypes for biomarker discovery and improved understanding of disease entities. J Proteomics 2011; 75:192-201. [PMID: 22037230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of proteomics to respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD, has been limited compared to other fields, like cancer. Both asthma and COPD are recognised to be multi-factorial and complex diseases, both consisting of clusters of multiple disease phenotypes. The complexity of these diseases combined with the inaccessibility and invasiveness of disease relevant samples have provided a hurdle to the progress of respiratory proteomics. Advances in proteomic instrumentation and methodology have led to the possibility to identify proteomes in much smaller quantities of biological material. This review focuses on the efforts in respiratory proteomics in relation to asthma and COPD, and the importance of identifying subgroups of disease entities to establish appropriate biomarkers, and to enhance the understanding of underlying mechanisms in each subgroup. Careful phenotype characterisation of patient subpopulations is required to make improvement in the field of heterogeneous diseases such as asthma and COPD, and the clusters of phenotypes are likely to encompass subgroups of disease with distinct molecular mechanisms; endotypes. The utilisation of modern advanced proteomics in endotypes of asthma and COPD will likely contribute to the increased understanding of disease mechanisms, establishment of biomarkers for these endotypes and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E O'Neil
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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HU RUICHENG, OUYANG QING, DAI AIGUO, TAN SHUANGXIANG, XIAO ZHIQIANG, TANG CENE. Heat shock protein 27 and cyclophilin A associate with the pathogenesis of COPD. Respirology 2011; 16:983-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ishikawa N, Ohlmeier S, Salmenkivi K, Myllärniemi M, Rahman I, Mazur W, Kinnula VL. Hemoglobin α and β are ubiquitous in the human lung, decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but not in COPD. Respir Res 2010; 11:123. [PMID: 20836851 PMCID: PMC2949726 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are disorders of the lung parenchyma. They share the common denominators of a progressive nature and poor prognosis. The goal was to use non-biased proteomics to discover new markers for these diseases. METHODS Proteomics of fibrotic vs. control lung tissue suggested decreased levels of several spots in the lung specimens of IPF patients, which were identified as Hemoglobin (Hb) α and β monomers and Hbα complexes. The Hbα and β monomers and complexes were investigated in more detail in normal lung and lung specimens of patients with IPF and COPD by immunohistochemistry, morphometry and mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS Both Hb monomers, in normal lung, were expressed especially in the alveolar epithelium. Levels of Hbα and β monomers and complexes were reduced/lost in IPF but not in the COPD lungs when compared to control lung. MS-analyses revealed Hbα modification at cysteine105 (Cysα105), preventing formation of the Hbα complexes in the IPF lungs. Hbα and Hbβ were expressed as complexes and monomers in the lung tissues, but were secreted into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or induced sputum supernatants as complexes corresponding to the molecular weight of the Hb tetramer. CONCLUSIONS The abundant expression of the oxygen carrier molecule Hb in the normal lung epithelium and its decline in IPF lung are new findings. The loss of Hb complex formation in IPF warrants further studies and may be considered as a disease-specific modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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