1
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Biernacka KM, Barker R, Sewell A, Bahl A, Perks CM. A role for androgen receptor variant 7 in sensitivity to therapy: Involvement of IGFBP-2 and FOXA1. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101698. [PMID: 37307644 PMCID: PMC10276180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men. Localised PCa can be treated effectively, but most patients relapse/progress to more aggressive disease. One possible mechanism underlying this progression is alternative splicing of the androgen receptor, with AR variant 7(ARV7) considered to play a major role. Using viability assays, we confirmed that ARV7-positive PCa cells were less sensitive to treatment with cabazitaxel and an anti-androgen-enzalutamide. Also, using live-holographic imaging, we showed that PCa cells with ARV7 exhibited an increased rate of cell division, proliferation, and motility, which could potentially contribute to a more aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, protein analysis demonstrated that ARV7 knock-down was associated with a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGFBP-2) and forkhead box protein A1(FOXA1). This correlation was confirmed in-vivo using PCa tissue samples. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between ARV7 and IGFBP-2 or FOXA1 in tissue from patients with PCa. This association was not present with the AR. These data suggest an interplay of FOXA1 and IGFBP-2 with ARV7-mediated acquisition of an aggressive prostate cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Biernacka
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - R Barker
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - A Sewell
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - C M Perks
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK.
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2
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Immunotherapeutic role of cabazitaxel treatment in the activation of TLR3 signalling in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1261-1271. [PMID: 34826050 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of toll like receptors (TLR) potentially affect the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and thus is associated with tumor growth or inhibition. Cabazitaxel (CAB) has been effectively used for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the immune regulatory role of CAB in the tumor microenvironment is not clear. In this context, we for the first time assessed the immunotherapeutic role of CAB in the TLR3 signalling following activation of Poly I:C in mCRPC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of CAB with the induction of Poly I:C were determined by WST-1, Annexin V, acridine orange, RT-PCR analysis, ELISA assay and immunofluorescence staining in DU-145 mCRPC and HUVEC control cells. Our findings showed that CAB treatment with Poly I:C significantly suppressed the proliferation of DU-145 cells through the induction of apoptosis and caspase activation. Additionally, higher concentration of CAB mediated the activation of TLR3 via increased cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of TLR3, TICAM-1 and IRF-3 in mCRPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment of CAB and Poly I:C was more effective in mCRPC cells with less toxicity in control cells. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TLRs signalling upon CAB treatment at the molecular level to further validate the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CAB in mCRPC.
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3
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Current Treatment Modalities Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34664246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is responsible for significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality following local treatment failure in men. The initial stages of PCa are typically managed with a combination of surgical resection and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Unfortunately, a significant proportion of PCa continues to progress despite being at castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dl), at which point it is coined castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In recent years, many novel therapeutics and drug combinations have been created for CRPC patients. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine receptor antagonists, steroidogenic enzyme inhibition, and novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as combinations of drugs. The selection of the most appropriate therapy depends on several factors like stage of the disease, age of the patient, metastasis, functional status, and response towards previous therapies. Here, we review the current state of the literature regarding treatment modalities, focusing on the treatment recommendations per the American Urological Association (AUA), recent clinical trials, and their limitations. An accurate and reliable overview of the strengths and limitations of PCa therapeutics could also allow personalized therapeutic interventions against PCa.
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Kanao K, Ito T, Takahara K, Ando R, Yasui T, Shiroki R, Miyake H, Sumitomo M. Prostate-specific antigen response patterns during cabazitaxel therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:1043-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to categorize prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response during cabazitaxel therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) into different patterns and to investigate the prognostic impact of the PSA response patterns.
Methods
We reviewed data from patients with mCRPC who had been treated with cabazitaxel therapy at four institutions belonging to Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar. Patients eligible for this study had received at least three cycles of cabazitaxel treatment at three- or four-week intervals. The PSA response patterns were categorized as primary resistance (PR), response (RE), stabilization (ST), and fluctuating (FL). The overall survival (OS) was compared among the patterns.
Results
Data from a total of 50 patients were analyzed in this study. The number of patients exhibiting PR, RE, ST and FL patterns were 18 (36%), 14 (28%), 12 (24%) and 6 (12%), respectively. The median (95% CI) OS of patients with PR and RE patterns was 10.7 (5.6–15.9) and 14.9 (6.8–23.0) months, respectively, and was not reached for patients with ST and FL patterns. The OS of patients with the FL pattern was significantly better than that of patients with PR (P = 0.012) and RE (P = 0.010) patterns.
Conclusion
There were some patients whose PSA were fluctuating during cabazitaxel therapy in patients with mCRPC. Because the prognosis of such patients was relatively good, the judgment to discontinue the cabazitaxel therapy after PSA rise followed by decrease should be made prudently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Kanao
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ito
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyake
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumitomo
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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5
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Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_76-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Pezaro C, Qu L, Davis ID. Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ingrosso G, Detti B, Scartoni D, Lancia A, Giacomelli I, Baki M, Carta G, Livi L, Santoni R. Current therapeutic options in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:303-315. [PMID: 30446166 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumors of many patients with prostate cancer eventually become refractory to androgen deprivation therapy with progression to metastatic castration-resistant disease. Significant advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have been made in recent years, and new treatment strategies have recently been made available. The aim of this report was to schematically review all the approved pharmacologic treatment options for patients with mCRPC through 2018, analyzing the efficacy and possible side effects of each therapy to assist clinicians in reaching an appropriate treatment decision. New biomarkers potentially of aid in the choice of treatment in this setting are also briefly reviewed. METHODS We performed a literature search of clinical trials of new drugs and treatments for patients diagnosed with mCRPC published through 2018. RESULTS Two new hormonal drugs, abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide have been approved by FDA in 2011 and 2012, respectively for the treatment of patients with mCRPC and have undergone extensive testing. While these treatments have shown a benefit in progression-free and overall survival, the appropriate sequencing must still be determined so that treatment decisions can be made based on their specific clinical profile. Cabazitaxel has been shown to be an efficient therapeutic option in a postdocetaxel setting, while its role in chemotherapy-naïve patients must still be determined. Sipuleucel-T and radium-223 have been studied in patients without visceral metastases and have achieved overall survival benefits with good safety profiles. The feasibility and efficacy of combinations of new treatments with other known therapies such as chemotherapy are currently under investigation. CONCLUSIONS Drug development efforts continue to attempt to prolong survival and improve quality of life in the mCRPC setting, with several therapeutic options available. Ongoing and future trials are needed to further assess the efficacy and safety of these new drugs and their interactions, along with the most appropriate sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ingrosso
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata General Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Scartoni
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata General Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Giacomelli
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Muhammed Baki
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Carta
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Santoni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata General Hospital, Rome, Italy
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8
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Wang K, Ruan H, Xu T, Liu L, Liu D, Yang H, Zhang X, Chen K. Recent advances on the progressive mechanism and therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3167-3178. [PMID: 29881290 PMCID: PMC5983013 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although there have been great advances in mechanisms and therapeutic methods of prostate cancer, the mortality rate of prostate cancer remains high. The castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which develops from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, foreshadows a more dismal outcome. Concomitant with the researches in the mechanism of CRPC and therapy for CRPC, more and more landmark progress has been made in recent years. Methods A number of clinical and experimental studies were reviewed to indicate the novel advancement in the progressive mechanism and therapy of CRPC. Results The androgen receptor (AR) is still a vital driver in the progression of CRPC, while other multiple mechanisms also contribute to this progression, such as tumor immunity, cancer stem cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and DNA repair disorder. In terms of the therapeutic methods of CRPC, chemotherapy with drugs, such as docetaxel, has been the first-line therapy for CRPC for many years. Besides, newer agents, which target some of the above mechanisms, show additional overall survival benefits for CRPC patients. These therapies include drugs targeting the androgen axis pathway (androgen synthesis, androgen receptor splice variants, coactivators of AR and so on), PI3K-AKT pathway, WNT pathway, DNA repair, rearrangement of ETS gene, novel chemotherapy and immunotherapy, bone metastasis therapy and so on. Understanding these novel findings on the mechanisms of CRPC and the latest potential CRPC therapies will direct us for further exploration of CRPC. Conclusion Through comprehensive consideration, the predominant mechanism of CRPC might be the AR signal axis concomitant with tumor microenvironment, stress, immunity, tumor microenvironment and so on. For CRPC therapy, targeting the AR axis pathway and chemotherapy are the first-line treatments at present. However, with the advancements in CRPC therapy made by the researchers, other novel potential methods will occupy more and more important position in the treatment of CRPC, especially the therapies targeting the tumor microenviroment, tumor immunity and DNA repair and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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9
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Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_76-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Al Nakouzi N, Wang CK, Beraldi E, Jager W, Ettinger S, Fazli L, Nappi L, Bishop J, Zhang F, Chauchereau A, Loriot Y, Gleave M. Clusterin knockdown sensitizes prostate cancer cells to taxane by modulating mitosis. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:761-78. [PMID: 27198502 PMCID: PMC4931290 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a stress‐activated molecular chaperone that confers treatment resistance to taxanes when highly expressed. While CLU inhibition potentiates activity of taxanes and other anti‐cancer therapies in preclinical models, progression to treatment‐resistant disease still occurs implicating additional compensatory survival mechanisms. Taxanes are believed to selectively target cells in mitosis, a complex mechanism controlled in part by balancing antagonistic roles of Cdc25C and Wee1 in mitosis progression. Our data indicate that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C, which delays mitotic exit and hence sensitizes cancer cells to mitotic‐targeting agents such as taxanes. Unchecked Cdc25C activation leads to mitotic catastrophe and cell death unless cells up‐regulate protective mechanisms mediated through the cell cycle regulators Wee1 and Cdk1. In this study, we show that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C via the phosphatase PP2A leading to relief of negative feedback inhibition and activation of Wee1‐Cdk1 to promote survival and limit therapeutic efficacy. Simultaneous inhibition of CLU‐regulated cell cycle effector Wee1 may improve synergistic responses of biologically rational combinatorial regimens using taxanes and CLU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Al Nakouzi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Kedong Wang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eliana Beraldi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Jager
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan Ettinger
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bishop
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Chauchereau
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Park H, Kim Y, Sul JW, Jeong IG, Yi HJ, Ahn JB, Kang JS, Yun J, Hwang JJ, Kim CS. Synergistic anticancer efficacy of MEK inhibition and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2015; 75:1747-59. [PMID: 26250606 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN deletion, mutation or reduced expression occurs in 63% of metastatic prostate tumors, resulting in the activation of PI3K and its downstream targets, AKT and mTOR. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway results in upregulation of the MAPK pathway. Therefore, co-administration of inhibitors of both pathways, GSK2126458 as a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, and AZD6244 as a MEK inhibitor, is able to overcome resistance and increase anti-tumor efficacy. METHODS PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and CRPC patient-derived cells were used to assess apoptosis upon exposure to the drug combination. The human DU145 and PC3 tumor xenograft mouse model was employed to evaluate in vivo efficacy. CellTiter Glo® luminescent assay, annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted. Statistical evaluation of the results was performed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 inhibited the growth of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. GSK2126458 decreased phospho-AKT while increasing phospho-ERK and AZD6244 decreased phospho-ERK efficiently while increasing phospho-AKT. The combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 decreased both phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK effectively in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment synergistically induced annexin V-positive cells, sub-G1 cells, and cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in DU145 cells in vitro. Moreover, the combination decreased the level of Ki-67, and increased TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 in DU145 xenograft tumors implanted in mice. In addition, this combination treatment inhibited both the PI3K and MEK pathway primary in cultures from CRPC patients harboring PTEN loss, leading to synergistic anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSIONS The combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 blocks both the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways simultaneously and is an effective strategy for the treatment of CRPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzoo Park
- Department of Urology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Yunlim Kim
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Won Sul
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Gab Jeong
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Beom Ahn
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, South Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Li K, Pang J, Cheng H, Liu WP, Di JM, Xiao HJ, Luo Y, Zhang H, Huang WT, Chen MK, Li LY, Shao CK, Feng YH, Gao X. Manipulation of prostate cancer metastasis by locus-specific modification of the CRMP4 promoter region using chimeric TALE DNA methyltransferase and demethylase. Oncotarget 2015; 6:10030-44. [PMID: 25888628 PMCID: PMC4496338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death for North American men. Whereas localized prostate cancer can be cured, there is currently no cure for metastatic prostate cancer. Here we report a novel approach that utilizes designed chimeric transcription activator-like effectors (dTALEs) to control prostate cancer metastasis. Transfection of dTALEs of DNA methyltransferase or demethylase induced artificial, yet active locus-specific CpG and subsequent histone modifications. These manipulations markedly altered expression of endogenous CRMP4, a metastasis suppressor gene. Remarkably, locus-specific CpG demethylation of the CRMP4 promoter in metastatic PC3 cells abolished metastasis, whereas locus-specific CpG methylation of the promoter in non-metastatic 22Rv1 cells induced metastasis. CRMP4-mediated metastasis suppression was found to require activation of Akt/Rac1 signaling and down-regulation of MMP-9 expression. This proof-of-concept study with dTALEs for locus-specific epigenomic manipulation validates the selected CpG methylation of CRMP4 gene as an independent biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer metastasis and opens up a novel avenue for mechanistic research on cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huaiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda MD20814, USA
| | - Wei-Peng Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nan Chang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Ming Di
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Heng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen-Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ming-Kun Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liao-Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying-Hong Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda MD20814, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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13
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Mukherji D, Omlin A, Pezaro C, Shamseddine A, de Bono J. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): preclinical and clinical evidence for the sequential use of novel therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:555-66. [PMID: 24452758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With five novel therapies shown to improve survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in the last 3 years, patients are now living longer and experiencing better quality of life. Since docetaxel became standard of care for men with symptomatic metastatic CRPC, three artificial treatment "spaces" have emerged for prostate cancer drug development: pre-docetaxel, docetaxel combinations, and following docetaxel. Multiple therapies are currently under development in both early and late stage CRPC. Additionally, the novel agents abiraterone, radium-223, cabazitaxel, and enzalutamide have all been approved in the post-docetaxel setting. Strategies for patient selection and treatment sequencing are therefore urgently required. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the preclinical and clinical data available with regards to sequencing of the novel treatments for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon,
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Schweizer MT, Antonarakis ES. Chemotherapy and its evolving role in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:334-40. [PMID: 24435058 PMCID: PMC4023356 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer has been recognized as being responsive to androgen deprivation since the 1940s when Charles Huggins first described the role of surgical castration in managing these patients. However, androgen deprivation only results in transient disease control for the vast majority of men, with those progressing in spite of castrate testosterone levels labeled as having castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Until 2004, the therapeutic arena for these patients had remained stagnant, with no agent having shown a survival gain in the CRPC setting. Two landmark publications changed the prostate cancer treatment landscape by providing ‘level-1 evidence’ that docetaxel-based chemotherapy led to prolongation in overall survival (OS). This was followed by the approval of cabazitaxel in 2010 on the basis of Phase III data demonstrating its efficacy in patients pretreated with docetaxel. More recently, a number of next-generation androgen-directed agents (e.g. abiraterone and enzalutamide) have also been shown to lead to a survival benefit in men with CRPC. With so many new treatment options available, a number of questions remain. These include: how to best sequence chemotherapy with these newer hormonal agents, the clinical implication of cross-resistance between taxanes and androgen-directed agents and which subsets of patients may benefit most from early use of chemotherapy. This review will provide an overview of the evolving role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced prostate cancer in the current era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Prostate Cancer Research Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pezaro CJ, Omlin AG, Altavilla A, Lorente D, Ferraldeschi R, Bianchini D, Dearnaley D, Parker C, de Bono JS, Attard G. Activity of Cabazitaxel in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel and Next-generation Endocrine Agents. Eur Urol 2014; 66:459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Angelergues A, Maillet D, Fléchon A, Ozgüroglu M, Mercier F, Guillot A, Le Moulec S, Gravis G, Beuzeboc P, Massard C, Fizazi K, de La Motte Rouge T, Delanoy N, Elaidi RT, Oudard S. Prostate-specific antigen flare induced by cabazitaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1602-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Trendel JA. The hurdle of antiandrogen drug resistance: drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1491-501. [PMID: 24206221 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.855194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer death in men after lung cancer, due to distant metastases. While distant prostate cancer is typically castrate resistant, it is not necessarily androgen independent. For this reason, a review of the literature regarding the pathways involved in androgen signaling and therapeutic regimens to treat distant metastases is beneficial to increasing the survival rate of prostate cancer patients. AREAS COVERED In this article, the author reviews the literature from the past decade covering metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer with the aim to examine and identify pathways, therapeutic targets and current therapies for treating castrate-resistant disease. As this area is lacking, the author aims to provide the reader with knowledge of the molecular consequences of castrate resistant prostate cancer, the current treatment paradigms and future directions. EXPERT OPINION While there have been advances in the treatment of castrate resistant prostate cancer, only minimal advances have been made in overall survival rate. Due to aberrant mutations and activation in the androgen receptor gene, and the complexity of cell signaling within prostate cancer, the androgen receptor should remain a main target for drug discovery efforts. This author believes that designing compounds that will reduce the activation of the androgen receptor may hold the key to a cure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Trendel
- University of Toledo, Center for Drug Design and Development , 3000 Arlington Ave MS 1015 Toledo, OH 43614 , USA +1 419 383 1536 ;
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Pezaro C, Omlin A, Lorente D, de Bono J. Management of patients with castration-resistant disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:1243-60, ix. [PMID: 24188261 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The medical management of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed dramatically in the last decade. Men can now access several agents developed to extend survival, delay morbidity caused by complications, and preserve quality of life. Strategies to extend survival include docetaxel and cabazitaxel, the CYP-inhibitor abiraterone acetate, the second-generation androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy, and the α-emitting radionuclide (223)radium. These novel therapies have fostered interest in translational science and a deeper understanding of the underlying biology of CRPC. This article summarizes clinical data and unresolved issues in the use of current and emerging CRPC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Pezaro
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Yang DR, Ding XF, Luo J, Shan YX, Wang R, Lin SJ, Li G, Huang CK, Zhu J, Chen Y, Lee SO, Chang C. Increased chemosensitivity via targeting testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4)-Oct4-interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) axis in prostate cancer CD133+ stem/progenitor cells to battle prostate cancer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16476-16483. [PMID: 23609451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) stem/progenitor cells are known to have higher chemoresistance than non-stem/progenitor cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We found the expression of testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is significantly higher in PCa CD133(+) stem/progenitor cells compared with CD133(-) non-stem/progenitor cells. Knockdown of TR4 levels in the established PCa stem/progenitor cells and the CD133(+) population of the C4-2 PCa cell line with lentiviral TR4 siRNA led to increased drug sensitivity to the two commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, docetaxel and etoposide, judging from significantly reduced IC50 values and increased apoptosis in the TR4 knockdown cells. Mechanism dissection studies found that suppression of TR4 in these stem/progenitor cells led to down-regulation of Oct4 expression, which, in turn, down-regulated the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) expression. Neutralization experiments via adding these molecules into the TR4 knockdown PCa stem/progenitor cells reversed the chemoresistance, suggesting that the TR4-Oct4-IL1Ra axis may play a critical role in the development of chemoresistance in the PCa stem/progenitor cells. Together, these studies suggest that targeting TR4 may alter chemoresistance of PCa stem/progenitor cells, and this finding provides the possibility of targeting TR4 as a new and better approach to overcome the chemoresistance problem in PCa therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Rong Yang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Xian-Fan Ding
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 China
| | - Jie Luo
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Yu-Xi Shan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Shin-Jen Lin
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 China
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jin Zhu
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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