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Wendel T, Zhen Y, Suo Z, Bruheim S, Wiedlocha A. The novel HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 shows synergistic anti-leukemic activity with cytarabine in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:220-6. [PMID: 26748184 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HSP90 is a molecular chaperone essential for stability, activity and intracellular sorting of many proteins, including oncoproteins, such as tyrosine kinases, transcription factors and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Therefore, inhibitors of HSP90 are being investigated for their potential as anti-cancer drugs. Here we show that the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 induced degradation of the fusion oncoprotein FOP2-FGFR1 in a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, KG-1a. Concordantly, downstream signaling cascades, such as STAT1, STAT3 and PLCγ were abrogated. At concentrations that caused FOP2-FGFR1 degradation and signaling abrogation, NVP-AUY922 treatment caused significant cell death and inhibition of proliferation of KG-1a cells in vitro. In an animal model for AML, NVP-AUY922 administrated alone showed no anti-leukemic activity. However, when NVP-AUY922 was administered in combination with cytarabine, the two compounds showed significant synergistic anti-leukemic activity in vivo. Thus NVP-AUY922 and cytarabine combination therapy might be a prospective strategy for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Wendel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yan Zhen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Zenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skjalg Bruheim
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Nichols L, Pippins J, Castle L, Cassler M, Fuller C. Molecular monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia: a personalized approach to optimizing treatment response. Per Med 2012; 9:727-737. [PMID: 29776270 DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is rapidly developing a purposeful niche in the field of oncology. Monitoring the activity of the oncogenic fusion gene BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a good example of individualizing CML treatment for patients using patient-specific genetic information. However, the frequency at which molecular monitoring for BCR-ABL1 transcripts occurs during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for CML in clinical practice is much lower than that recommended by either the National Cancer Center Network or the European LeukemiaNet guidelines. Adherence, one of the most critical factors affecting response to TKIs, is often less than desirable and rarely communicated to physicians by patients or managed by care providers. Less than optimal molecular monitoring and low adherence to TKI treatment can lead to rising transcripts levels, that when not detected, have been shown to contribute to poor outcomes. This review reports the basis for and describes the design of a state-of-the-art program intended to improve communication with physicians through real-time messaging about sequential test results for BCR-ABL1 and patients' adherence to TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nichols
- Department of Clinical Practices & Therapeutics, Express Scripts, 100 Parsons Pond Drive, B3-MS2, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417, USA.
| | - Julie Pippins
- Department of Clinical Practices & Therapeutics, Express Scripts, 100 Parsons Pond Drive, B3-MS2, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417, USA
| | - Lon Castle
- Department of Clinical Innovations, Express Scripts, 100 Parsons Pond Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417, USA
| | - Mary Cassler
- Department of Clinical Innovations, Express Scripts, 100 Parsons Pond Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417, USA
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Jin Y, Zhen Y, Haugsten EM, Wiedlocha A. The driver of malignancy in KG-1a leukemic cells, FGFR1OP2-FGFR1, encodes an HSP90 addicted oncoprotein. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1758-66. [PMID: 21745565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The KG-1a cell line is developed from a human stem cell myeloproliferative neoplasm as the result of intragenic disruption and a chromosomal translocation of the FGFR1 gene and the FGFR1OP2 gene encoding a protein of unknown function called FOP2 (FGFR1 Oncogene Partner 2). The resulting fusion protein FOP2-FGFR1 is soluble and has constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Since the heat shock protein HSP90 and its co-chaperone CDC37 have been shown to stabilize many oncogenic proteins, we investigated the requirement for HSP90 or HSP90-CDC37 assistance to maintain the stability or activity of FOP2-FGFR1 expressed in KG-1a cells. We found that HSP90-CDC37 forms a permanent complex with FOP2-FGFR1. This results in protection against degradation of FOP2-FGFR1 and holds the oncoprotein in a permanently active conformation. Inhibition of HSP90 or depletion of CDC37 or heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) reduced the expression level of FOP2-FGFR1 and was sufficient to block the oncoprotein induced proliferation of KG-1a cells. We conclude that the driver of malignancy in KG-1a leukemic cells, FOP2-FGFR1, is an HSP90 addicted oncoprotein. This provides a rationale for the therapeutic use of HSP90 inhibitors in myeloid leukemias that contain FGFR fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
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Juopperi TA, Bienzle D, Bernreuter DC, Vernau W, Thrall MA, McManus PM. Prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms: a comparative review of the literature and goals for future investigation. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:182-97. [PMID: 21139142 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810389317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms include cancers associated with both rapid (acute myeloid leukemias) and gradual (myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms) disease progression. Percentage of blast cells in marrow is used to separate acute (rapid) from chronic (gradual) and is the most consistently applied prognostic marker in veterinary medicine. However, since there is marked variation in tumor progression within groups, there is a need for more complex schemes to stratify animals into specific risk groups. In people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pretreatment karyotyping and molecular genetic analysis have greater utility as prognostic markers than morphologic and immunologic phenotypes. Karyotyping is not available as a prognostic marker for AML in dogs and cats, but progress in molecular genetics has created optimism about the eventual ability of veterinarians to discern conditions potentially responsive to medical intervention. In people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), detailed prognostic scoring systems have been devised that use various combinations of blast cell percentage, hematocrit, platelet counts, unilineal versus multilineal cytopenias and dysplasia, karyotype, gender, age, immunophenotype, transfusion dependence, and colony-forming assays. Predictors of outcome for animals with MDS have been limited to blast cell percentage, anemia versus multilineal cytopenias, and morphologic phenotype. Prognostic markers for myeloproliferative neoplasms (eg, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia) include clinical and hematological factors and in people also include cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Validation of prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms in animals has been thwarted by the lack of a large case series that requires cooperation across institutions and veterinary specialties. Future progress requires overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Juopperi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Haugsten EM, Wiedlocha A, Olsnes S, Wesche J. Roles of fibroblast growth factor receptors in carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:1439-52. [PMID: 21047773 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) play essential roles both during development and in the adult. Upon ligand binding, FGFRs induce intracellular signaling networks that tightly regulate key biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. Deregulation of FGFR signaling can thus alter tissue homeostasis and has been associated with several developmental syndromes as well as with many types of cancer. In human cancer, FGFRs have been found to be deregulated by multiple mechanisms, including aberrant expression, mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and amplifications. In this review, we will give an overview of the main FGFR alterations described in human cancer to date and discuss their contribution to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Margrethe Haugsten
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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Pagnoux C, Guillevin L. Churg-Strauss syndrome: evidence for disease subtypes? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22:21-8. [PMID: 19851111 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328333390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare systemic small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis. Its main clinical characteristics, some potentially life-threatening, are now well known, as are its usual successive phases, from allergic rhinitis to asthma, and finally vasculitis. Conversely, physiopathogenetic mechanisms are not completely elucidated and clearly multiple, thereby suggesting the existence of different disease subtypes. RECENT FINDINGS Almost 40% of CSS patients have circulating antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCAs), mostly directed against myeloperoxidase. ANCA-positive patients suffer more frequently from renal disease, peripheral nervous system involvement and/or alveolar hemorrhage, whereas frequent cardiac involvement, lung infiltrates and/or systemic manifestations are more common in those who are ANCA-negative. However, their respective global outcomes do not clearly differ. Patients might also be categorized according to other, more subtle clinical, radiological and/or biological parameters, for example, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities or genetic background. SUMMARY Because of its practical and therapeutic repercussions, the priority remains the prompt, relatively easy identification of the most severely affected patients at CSS diagnosis, before searching for and trying to classify subsets. Large, collaborative studies are needed to determine whether other subgroups might be associated with outcomes and warrant different, and possibly new, therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pagnoux
- Department of Internal Medicine, French Vasculitis Study Group, National Referral Center for Necrotizing Vasculitides and Systemic Scleroderma, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
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