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Xu C, Li M, Gu T, Xie F, Zhang Y, Wang D, Peng J. Chromosomal microarray analysis for prenatal diagnosis of uniparental disomy: a retrospective study. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:3. [PMID: 38291465 PMCID: PMC10826057 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a valuable tool in prenatal diagnosis for the detection of chromosome uniparental disomy (UPD). This retrospective study examines fetuses undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis through Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K array analysis. We evaluated both chromosome G-banding karyotyping data and CMA results from 2007 cases subjected to amniocentesis. RESULTS The detection rate of regions of homozygosity (ROH) ≥ 10 Mb was 1.8% (33/2007), with chromosome 11 being the most frequently implicated (17.1%, 6/33). There were three cases where UPD predicted an abnormal phenotype based on imprinted gene expression. CONCLUSION The integration of UPD detection by CMA offers a more precise approach to prenatal genetic diagnosis. CMA proves effective in identifying ROH and preventing the birth of children affected by imprinting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaoyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiancai Gu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenghua Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Degang Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Peng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
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Lokulo‐Sodipe O, Giabicani E, Canton AM, Ferrand N, Child J, Wakeling EL, Binder G, Netchine I, Mackay DJG, Inskip HM, Byrne C, Temple IK, Davies JH. Height and body mass index in molecularly confirmed Silver-Russell syndrome and the long-term effects of growth hormone treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:284-292. [PMID: 35261046 PMCID: PMC9545243 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) causes short stature. Growth hormone (GH) treatment aims to increase adult height. However, data are limited on the long-term outcomes of GH in patients with molecularly confirmed SRS. This study evaluated height, body mass index (BMI) and GH treatment in molecularly confirmed SRS. DESIGN An observational study with retrospective data collection. PATIENTS Individuals with molecularly confirmed SRS aged ≥13 years. MEASUREMENTS Data were collected on height, height gain (change in height standard deviation score [SDS] from childhood to final or near-final height), BMI and gain in BMI (from childhood to adulthood) and previous GH treatment. RESULTS Seventy-one individuals (40 female) were included. The median age was 22.0 years (range 13.2-69.7). The molecular diagnoses: H19/IGF2:IG-DMR LOM in 80.3% (57/71); upd(7)mat in 16.9% (12/71) and IGF2 mutation in 2.8% (2/71). GH treatment occurred in 77.5% (55/71). Total height gain was greater in GH-treated individuals (median 1.53 SDS vs. 0.53 SDS, p = .007), who were shorter at treatment initiation (-3.46 SDS vs. -2.91 SDS, p = .04) but reached comparable heights to GH-untreated individuals (-2.22 SDS vs. -2.74 SDS, p = .7). In GH-treated individuals, BMI SDS was lower at the most recent assessment (median -1.10 vs. 1.66, p = .002) with lower BMI gain (2.01 vs. 3.58, p = .006) despite similar early BMI SDS to GH-untreated individuals (median -2.65 vs. -2.78, p = .3). CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of GH in SRS for increasing height SDS. GH treatment was associated with lower adult BMI which may reflect improved metabolic health even following discontinuation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Lokulo‐Sodipe
- Human Development and HealthFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of Paediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- Present address:
Oluwakemi Lokulo‐Sodipe, Oluwakemi Lokulo‐Sodipe, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Headley WayOxfordUK
| | - Eloïse Giabicani
- INSERM, UMR_S 938—Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles EndocriniennesSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Ana P. M. Canton
- INSERM, UMR_S 938—Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles EndocriniennesSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Development Endocrinology Unit, Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics/LIM42, Clinical Hospital, Sao Paulo Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Nawfel Ferrand
- Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
| | | | - Emma L. Wakeling
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938—Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles EndocriniennesSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Deborah J. G. Mackay
- Human Development and HealthFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Hazel M. Inskip
- MRC Epidemiology UnitFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Cancer SciencesFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - I. Karen Temple
- Human Development and HealthFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServiceUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Justin H. Davies
- Human Development and HealthFaculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of Paediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
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Fuke T, Nakamura A, Inoue T, Kawashima S, Hara KI, Matsubara K, Sano S, Yamazawa K, Fukami M, Ogata T, Kagami M. Role of Imprinting Disorders in Short Children Born SGA and Silver-Russell Syndrome Spectrum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:802-813. [PMID: 33236057 PMCID: PMC7947753 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Epi)genetic disorders associated with small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS) include imprinting disorders (IDs). Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a representative ID in SGA-SS and has heterogenous (epi)genetic causes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS To clarify the contribution of IDs to SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS, we recruited 269 patients with SGA-SS, consisting of 103 and 166 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SGA-SS and SRS, respectively. After excluding 20 patients with structural abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization analysis using catalog array, 249 patients were classified into 3 subgroups based on the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), SRS diagnostic criteria. We screened various IDs by methylation analysis for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) related to known IDs. We also performed clinical analysis. RESULTS These 249 patients with SGA-SS were classified into the "SRS-compatible group" (n = 148), the "non-SRS with normocephaly or relative macrocephaly at birth group" (non-SRS group) (n = 94), or the "non-SRS with relative microcephaly at birth group" (non-SRS with microcephaly group) (n = 7). The 44.6% of patients in the "SRS-compatible group," 21.3% of patients in the "non-SRS group," and 14.3% in the "non-SRS with microcephaly group" had various IDs. Loss of methylation of the H19/IGF2:intergenic-DMR and uniparental disomy chromosome 7, being major genetic causes of SRS, was detected in 30.4% of patients in the "SRS-compatible group" and in 13.8% of patients in the "non-SRS group." CONCLUSION We clarified the contribution of IDs as (epi)genetic causes of SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS. Various IDs constitute underlying factors for SGA-SS, including SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Isono Hara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Masayo Kagami, MD, PhD, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2–10–1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157–8535, Japan. E-mail:
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Binder G, Eggermann T, Weber K, Ferrand N, Schweizer R. The Diagnostic Value of IGF-2 and the IGF/IGFBP-3 System in Silver-Russell Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:201-207. [PMID: 28675902 DOI: 10.1159/000477666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, we have described a family of 4 members presenting with intrauterine and postnatal growth failure, low IGF-2 levels, and signs of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) who carried a genomic IGF2 mutation. Here, we assess the value of IGF-2 in relation to SRS. METHODS We collected data from 48 SRS children and 48 short children born small for gestational age (SGA) seen at our center. The SRS children were 4.6 ± 2.0 years of age, and the SGA children were 4.8 ± 1.8 years of age. All patients were prepubertal and growth hormone naive. An 11p15 ICR1 loss of methylation (11p15LOM) was present in 22, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) in 7, and IGF2 genomic mutation (IGF2mut) in 3 patients. Growth factors were measured by in-house radioimmunoassays. RESULTS The median IGF-2 standard deviation scores (SDSs) were: IGF2mut -1.75, upd(7)mat -1.69, nonsyndromic SGA -1.52, 11p15LOM -0.61, and clinical (tested negative) -0.55. The median IGF-2:IGF-1 concentration ratio was 2.57 in IGF2mut compared to 5.44 in 11p15LOM (p = 0.036), 7.84 in clinical, and 7.98 in upd(7)mat. Upd(7)mat patients had significantly lower IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 SDSs than patients with 11p15LOM (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION Serum IGF-2 in combination with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 can add to the clinical signs of SRS patients and help to perform targeted genetic testing. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Karin Weber
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nawfel Ferrand
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Schweizer
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Wu D, Gong C, Su C. Genome-wide analysis of differential DNA methylation in Silver-Russell syndrome. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624953 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth restriction, and variable dysmorphic features. Current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes as an important etiology of SRS. Although almost half of the patients showed DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and approximately 7%-10% of SRS patients have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD (7) mat); the rest of the SRS patients shows unknown etiology. In this study, we investigate whether there are further DNA methylation defects in SRS patients. We measured DNA methylation in seven SRS patients and five controls at more than 485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. We analyzed methylation changes genome-wide and identified the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using bisulfite sequencing and digital PCR. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterized domains of H19/IGF2, providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect the changes in DNA methylation at imprinted loci. In addition, our results showed a novel SRS associated imprinted gene OSBPL5 located on chromosome 11p14 with the probe cg25963939, which is hypomethylated in 4/7 patients (P=0.023, β=-0.243). We also report DMRs in other genes including TGFβ3, HSF1, GAP43, NOTCH4 and MYH14. These DMRs were found to be associated with SRS using GO pathway analysis. In this study, we identified the probe cg25963939, located at the 5'UTR of imprinted gene OSBPL5, as a novel DMR that is associated with SRS. This finding provides new insights into the mechanism of SRS etiology and aid the further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China
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Wakeling EL, Brioude F, Lokulo-Sodipe O, O'Connell SM, Salem J, Bliek J, Canton APM, Chrzanowska KH, Davies JH, Dias RP, Dubern B, Elbracht M, Giabicani E, Grimberg A, Grønskov K, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Jorge AA, Kagami M, Linglart A, Maghnie M, Mohnike K, Monk D, Moore GE, Murray PG, Ogata T, Petit IO, Russo S, Said E, Toumba M, Tümer Z, Binder G, Eggermann T, Harbison MD, Temple IK, Mackay DJG, Netchine I. Diagnosis and management of Silver-Russell syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:105-124. [PMID: 27585961 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This Consensus Statement summarizes recommendations for clinical diagnosis, investigation and management of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), an imprinting disorder that causes prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Considerable overlap exists between the care of individuals born small for gestational age and those with SRS. However, many specific management issues exist and evidence from controlled trials remains limited. SRS is primarily a clinical diagnosis; however, molecular testing enables confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and defines the subtype. A 'normal' result from a molecular test does not exclude the diagnosis of SRS. The management of children with SRS requires an experienced, multidisciplinary approach. Specific issues include growth failure, severe feeding difficulties, gastrointestinal problems, hypoglycaemia, body asymmetry, scoliosis, motor and speech delay and psychosocial challenges. An early emphasis on adequate nutritional status is important, with awareness that rapid postnatal weight gain might lead to subsequent increased risk of metabolic disorders. The benefits of treating patients with SRS with growth hormone include improved body composition, motor development and appetite, reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and increased height. Clinicians should be aware of possible premature adrenarche, fairly early and rapid central puberty and insulin resistance. Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues can delay progression of central puberty and preserve adult height potential. Long-term follow up is essential to determine the natural history and optimal management in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Susan M O'Connell
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12 DC4A, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, 6645 W. North Avenue, Oak Park, Illinois 60302, USA
| | - Jet Bliek
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Krystyna H Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justin H Davies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Institutes of Metabolism and Systems Research, Vincent Drive, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vincent Drive, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Trousseau Hospital, HUEP, APHP, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 11NW30, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Agnes Linglart
- APHP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Mineral Metabolism and Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Sud Maladies Rares, Hospital Bicêtre Paris Sud, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Department of Pediatrics, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Gran via 199-203, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Development Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip G Murray
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isabelle Oliver Petit
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetic, Bone Disease &Gynecology Unit, Children's Hospital, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Instituto Auxologico Italiano, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, via Ariosto 13 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Edith Said
- Department of Anatomy &Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine &Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine &Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Mater dei Hospital, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Meropi Toumba
- IASIS Hospital, 8 Voriou Ipirou, 8036, Paphos, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street #1192, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Õunap K. Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:110-21. [PMID: 27587987 DOI: 10.1159/000447413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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8
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Cytrynbaum C, Chong K, Hannig V, Choufani S, Shuman C, Steele L, Morgan T, Scherer SW, Stavropoulos DJ, Basran RK, Weksberg R. Genomic imbalance in the centromeric 11p15 imprinting center in three families: Further evidence of a role for IC2 as a cause of Russell-Silver syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2731-9. [PMID: 27374371 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Russell-Silver syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal growth deficiency, characteristic facial appearance, and other variable features. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are identified in about 60% of individuals with Russell-Silver syndrome. Most frequently, Russell-Silver syndrome is caused by altered gene expression on chromosome 11p15 due to loss of methylation at the telomeric imprinting center. To date there have been a handful of isolated clinical reports implicating the centromeric imprinting center 2 in the etiology of Russell-Silver syndrome. Here we report three new families with genomic imbalances, involving imprinting center 2 resulting in gain of methylation at this center and a Russell-Silver syndrome phenotype, including two families with a maternally inherited microduplication and the first pediatric patient with a paternally derived microdeletion. The findings in our families provide additional evidence of a role for imprinting center 2 in the etiology of Russell-Silver syndrome and suggest that imprinting center 2 imprinting abnormalities may be a more common cause of Russell-Silver syndrome than previously recognized. Furthermore, our findings together with previous clinical reports of genomic imbalances involving imprinting center 2 serve to underscore the complexity of the epigenetic regulation of the 11p15 region making it challenging to predict phenotype on the basis of genotype alone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Chong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vickie Hannig
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Shuman
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Steele
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Morgan
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveen K Basran
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Abstract
Genetic causes for human disorders are being discovered at an unprecedented pace. A growing subclass of disease-causing mutations involves changes in the epigenome or in the abundance and activity of proteins that regulate chromatin structure. This article focuses on research that has uncovered human diseases that stem from such epigenetic deregulation. Disease may be caused by direct changes in epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, commonly found to affect imprinted gene regulation. Also described are disease-causing genetic mutations in epigenetic modifiers that either affect chromatin in trans or have a cis effect in altering chromatin configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Y Zoghbi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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10
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Xue Y, Shankar S, Cornell K, Dai Z, Wang CE, Rudd MK, Coffee B. Paternal duplication of the 11p15 centromeric imprinting control region is associated with increased expression of CDKN1C in a child with Russell-Silver syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3229-33. [PMID: 26358311 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- Emory Genetics Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristen Cornell
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zunyan Dai
- Emory Genetics Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chuan-En Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Katherine Rudd
- Emory Genetics Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bradford Coffee
- Emory Genetics Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Primordial dwarfism: overview of clinical and genetic aspects. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:1-15. [PMID: 26323792 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primordial dwarfism is a group of genetic disorders which include Seckel Syndrome, Silver-Russell Syndrome, Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism types I/III, II and Meier-Gorlin Syndrome. This genetic disorder group is characterized by intra-uterine growth retardation and post-natal growth abnormalities which occur as a result of disorganized molecular and genomic changes in embryonic stage and, thus, it represents a unique area to study growth and developmental abnormalities. Lot of research has been carried out on different aspects; however, a consolidated review that discusses an overall spectrum of this disorder is not accessible. Recent research in this area points toward important molecular and cellular mechanisms in human body that regulate the complexity of growth process. Studies have emerged that have clearly associated with a number of abnormal chromosomal, genetic and epigenetic alterations that can predispose an embryo to develop PD-associated developmental defects. Finding and associating such fundamental changes to its subtypes will help in re-examination of alleged functions at both cellular and developmental levels and thus reveal the intrinsic mechanism that leads to a balanced growth. Although such findings have unraveled a subtle understanding of growth process, we further require active research in terms of identification of reliable biomarkers for different subtypes as an immediate requirement for clinical utilization. It is hoped that further study will advance the understanding of basic mechanisms regulating growth relevant to human health. Therefore, this review has been written with an aim to present an overview of chromosomal, molecular and epigenetic modifications reported to be associated with different subtypes of this heterogenous disorder. Further, latest findings with respect to clinical and molecular genetics research have been summarized to aid the medical fraternity in their clinical utility, for diagnosing disorders where there are overlapping physical attributes and simultaneously inform about the latest developments in PD biology.
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12
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Pülhorn H, Pesic-Smith J, Cowley P, Murphy M. Cerebral aneurysms and accelerated atherosclerosis in Russell-Silver syndrome: a new subtype? Case report. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:467-9. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the case of a 32-year-old woman known to have Russell-Silver syndrome who presented with repeated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Multiple intracranial aneurysms and advanced peripheral vascular disease were demonstrated. The authors postulate a link between these vascular features and the patient's genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinke Pülhorn
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
| | | | - Peter Cowley
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Murphy
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
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13
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Begemann M, Zirn B, Santen G, Wirthgen E, Soellner L, Büttel HM, Schweizer R, van Workum W, Binder G, Eggermann T. Paternally Inherited IGF2 Mutation and Growth Restriction. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:349-56. [PMID: 26154720 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1415227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In humans, mutations in IGF1 or IGF1R cause intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction; however, data on mutations in IGF2, encoding insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II, are lacking. We report an IGF2 variant (c.191C→A, p.Ser64Ter) with evidence of pathogenicity in a multigenerational family with four members who have growth restriction. The phenotype affects only family members who have inherited the variant through paternal transmission, a finding that is consistent with the maternal imprinting status of IGF2. The severe growth restriction in affected family members suggests that IGF-II affects postnatal growth in addition to prenatal growth. Furthermore, the dysmorphic features of affected family members are consistent with a role of deficient IGF-II levels in the cause of the Silver-Russell syndrome. (Funded by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and the European Union.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Begemann
- From the Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Rhine-Westphalia Institute of Technology (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen (M.B., L.S., T.E.), Department of Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, University Medicine, Göttingen, and Genetikum, Genetic Counseling and Diagnostics, Stuttgart (B.Z.), Ligandis, Gülzow-Prüzen (E.W.), Department of Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, SLK-Kliniken, Heilbronn (H.-M.B.), and Pediatric Endocrinology Section, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (R.S., G.B.) - all in Germany; and the Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (G.S.), GenomeScan (G.S., W.W.), and ServiceXS (W.W.) - all in Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Eggermann T, Soellner L, Buiting K, Kotzot D. Mosaicism and uniparental disomy in prenatal diagnosis. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Azzi S, Steunou V, Tost J, Rossignol S, Thibaud N, Das Neves C, Le Jule M, Habib WA, Blaise A, Koudou Y, Busato F, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I. Exhaustive methylation analysis revealed uneven profiles of methylation at IGF2/ICR1/H19 11p15 loci in Russell Silver syndrome. J Med Genet 2014; 52:53-60. [PMID: 25395389 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural organisation of the human IGF2/ICR1/H19 11p15 domain is very complex, and the mechanisms underlying its regulation are poorly understood. The Imprinted Center Region 1 (ICR1) contains seven binding sites for the zinc-finger protein CTCF (CBS: CTCF Binding Sites); three additional differentially methylated regions (DMR) are located at the H19 promoter (H19DMR) and two in the IGF2 gene (DMR0 and DMR2), respectively. Loss of imprinting at the IGF2/ICR1/H19 domain results in two growth disorders with opposite phenotypes: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Russell Silver syndrome (RSS). Despite the IGF2/ICR1/H19 locus being widely studied, the extent of hypomethylation across the domain remains not yet addressed in patients with RSS. METHODS We assessed a detailed investigation of the methylation status of the 11p15 ICR1 CBS1-7, IGF2DMR0 and H19DMR (H19 promoter) in a population of controls (n=50) and RSS carrying (n=104) or not (n=65) carrying a hypomethylation at the 11p15 ICR1 region. RESULTS The methylation indexes (MI) were balanced at all regions in the control population and patients with RSS without any as yet identified molecular anomaly. Interestingly, patients with RSS with ICR1 hypomethylation showed uneven profiles of methylation among the CBSs and DMRs. Furthermore, normal MIs at CBS1 and CBS7 were identified in 9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The hypomethylation does not spread equally throughout the IGF2/ICR1/H19 locus, and some loci could have normal MI, which may lead to underdiagnosis of patients with RSS with ICR1 hypomethylation. The uneven pattern of methylation suggests that some CBSs may play different roles in the tridimensional chromosomal looping regulation of this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Azzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment (LEE), National Genotyping Center, CEA-Institute of Genomics, Evry, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Thibaud
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Das Neves
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marilyne Le Jule
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Walid Abi Habib
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Annick Blaise
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Yves Koudou
- INSERM, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Lifelong epidemiology of obesity, diabetes and renal disease team, Villejuif, France Paris-Sud University, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Busato
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
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16
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Wu D, Gong C, Zheng H, Saenger P, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Cao B, Li W, Su C. Clinical characteristics and chromosome 11p15 imprinting analysis of Silver-Russell syndrome - a Chinese experience. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:1113-20. [PMID: 24945423 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting defect disease. This is the first study of Chinese children with SRS caused by chromosome 11p15 imprinting defects. METHODS Twenty-five SRS cases, diagnosed in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2012, were studied retrospectively to detect chromosome 11p15 imprinting defects. RESULTS Over 80% of the children had (i) small for gestational age and postnatal growth retardation (mean height standard deviation score [HT SDS] was -3.56), (ii) mean body mass index (BMI) SDS was -2.10, and (iii) skeletal malformation. Chromosome 11p15 imprinting defects were examined in 16 of the 25 patients. Six had hypomethylation in chromosome 11p15 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) of the paternal allele; one had hypomethylation in chromosome 11p15 ICR1 and hypermethylation in imprinting control region 2 (ICR2). Another patient had a duplicated maternal chromosome 11p15 fragment. Six patients had been treated with for 3-24 months. Growth rates ranged from 4 to 10.8 cm/year. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Chinese children with SRS had more growth retardation than bone retardation, severely low levels of BMI, triangular faces, and limb asymmetry. Chromosome 11p15 imprinting defects contributed to 50% of these cases, and ICR1 hypomethylation was associated with asymmetry.
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17
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Stevens A, De Leonibus C, Whatmore A, Hanson D, Murray P, Chatelain P, Westwood M, Clayton P. Pharmacogenomics related to growth disorders. Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 80:477-90. [PMID: 24296333 DOI: 10.1159/000355658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth disorders resulting in short stature are caused by a wide range of underlying pathophysiological processes. To improve height many of these conditions are treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). However, substantial inter-individual variability in growth response both in the short and long-term is recognised. Over the last decade, disease-specific growth prediction models have been developed that the clinician can use to define a child's potential response to rhGH and to optimise starting and maintenance doses of rhGH. These models, however, are not able to predict all the variations in treatment response. There has, therefore, been recent interest in using genetic information to contribute to the evaluation of responses to rhGH, including high-throughput technologies for assessing DNA markers (genome) and mRNA transcripts (transcriptome) as pharmacogenomic tools. This review will focus on how these pharmacogenomic approaches are being applied to growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stevens
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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18
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Eggermann T, Binder G, Brioude F, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Cubellis MV, Bergadá I, Prawitt D, Begemann M. CDKN1C mutations: two sides of the same coin. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:614-22. [PMID: 25262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) negatively regulates cellular proliferation and it has been shown that loss-of-function mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene (11p15.5) are associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). With recent reports of gain-of-function mutations of the PCNA domain of CDKN1C in growth-retarded patients with IMAGe syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), its key role for growth has been confirmed. Thereby, the last gap in the spectrum of molecular alterations in 11p15.5 in growth-retardation and overgrowth syndromes could be closed. Recent functional studies explain the strict association of CDKN1C mutations with clinically opposite phenotypes and thereby contribute to our understanding of the function and regulation of the gene in particular and epigenetic regulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Molekulare Pädiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Abdelhedi F, El Khattabi L, Cuisset L, Tsatsaris V, Viot G, Druart L, Lebbar A, Dupont JM. Neonatal Silver-Russell syndrome with maternal uniparental heterodisomy, trisomy 7 mosaicism, and dysplasia of the cerebellum. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:248-53. [PMID: 25015868 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpblmprxku1jue] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report here the unusual association of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and cerebellar dysplasia with trisomy 7 mosaicism and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 [UPD(7)m]. METHODS Low-level trisomy 7 mosaicism was diagnosed prenatally on amniocytes, and UPD(7)m was confirmed after birth. RESULTS Medical examination at birth showed dysmorphic facial features of SRS. Cytogenetic analysis on several tissues and cells confirmed mosaic trisomy 7. Unusual severe psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, and choreoathetoid movement were noted at 6 months. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed both cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS This unusual association of SRS and dysplasia of the cerebellum might be related to the presence of the trisomy 7 mosaicism on the cerebellum. Our observation strengthens the hypothesis that the phenotype observed in patients with SRS with UPD(7)m might also result from an undetected low level of trisomy 7 mosaicism that could best be revealed by performing cytogenetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdelhedi
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Cuisset
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Viot
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Luc Druart
- Cytogenetics, Biomnis Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Aziza Lebbar
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dupont
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
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20
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Mosaicism for maternal uniparental disomy 15 in a boy with some clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:279-83. [PMID: 24704109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the lack of paternal expression of imprinted genes in the human chromosomal region 15q11.2-q13.2, which can be due to an interstitial deletion at 15q11.2-q13 of paternal origin (65-75%), maternal uniparental disomy (matUPD) of chromosome 15 (20-30%), or an imprinting defect (1-3%). The majority of PWS-associated matUPD15 cases represent a complete heterodisomy of chromosome 15 or a mixture of hetero- and isodisomic regions across the chromosome 15. Pure maternal isodisomy is observed in only a few matUPD15 patients. Here we report a case of an 18-year-old boy with some clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome, such as overweight, muscular hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and psychiatric problems, but there was no reason to suspect PWS in the patient based solely on the phenotype estimation. However, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed mosaic loss of heterozygosity of the entire chromosome 15. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification (MS-MLPA) analysis showed hypermethylation of the SNRPN and NDN genes in the PWS/AS critical region of chromosome 15 in this patient. Taking into consideration the MS-MLPA results and the presence of PWS features in the patient, we concluded that it was matUPD15, although the patient's parents were not enrolled in the study. According to CMA and karyotyping, no trisomic or monosomic cells were present. To the best of our knowledge, only two PWS cases with mosaic maternal isodisomy 15 and without trisomic/monosomic cell lines have been reported so far.
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21
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Salomon L, Malan V. Bilan étiologique du retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:929-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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