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Revishchin A, Moiseenko L, Kust N, Bazhenova N, Teslia P, Panteleev D, Kovalzon V, Pavlova G. Effects of striatal transplantation of cells transfected with GDNF gene without pre- and pro-regions in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:34. [PMID: 27286696 PMCID: PMC4902902 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we have shown that transgenic cells bearing the GDNF gene with deleted pre- and pro-regions (mGDNF) can release transgenic GDNF. The medium conditioned by transgenic cells with mGDNF induced axonal growth in rat embryonic spinal ganglion in vitro. Here we demonstrate a neurotrophic effect of mGDNF on PC12 cells in vitro as well as its neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in vivo as indicated by improved motor coordination and sleep-wakefulness cycle in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Results HEK293 cells were transfected with a vector encoding an isoform of the human GDNF gene with deleted pre- and pro-regions (mGDNF). This factor in the medium conditioned by the transfected cells was shown to induce axonal growth in PC12 cells. The early Parkinson’s disease model was established by injection of the dopaminergic pro-neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into C57Bl/6 mice. Transgenic HEK293/mGDNF/GFP cells were transplanted into the striatum (caudate-putamen) of experimental mice. The sleep-wakefulness cycle was studied by continuous EEG and motor activity monitoring 1 and 2 weeks after MPTP injection. After the experiment, the motor coordination of experimental animals was evaluated in the rotarod test, and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were counted in cross-sections of the midbrain. MPTP administration lowered the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, decreased motor coordination, and increased the total wake time during the dark period. The transplantation of HEK293/mGDNF cells into the caudate-putamen 3 days prior to MPTP injection smoothed these effects, while the control transplantation of HEK293 cells showed no notable impact. Conclusions Transplantation of transgenic cells with the GDNF gene lacking the pre- and pro-sequences can protect dopaminergic neurons in the mouse midbrain from the subsequent administration of the pro-neurotoxin MPTP, which is confirmed by polysomnographic, behavioral and histochemical data. Hence it is released from transfected cells and preserves the differentiation activity and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Revishchin
- Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Developmental Genetic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, Russia, 119334.,Ltd Apto-pharm, Kolomensky Road, 13A, Moscow, Russia, 115446
| | - L Moiseenko
- Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills d. 1, pp. 12, Moscow, Russia, 119234.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Kust
- Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Developmental Genetic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, Russia, 119334.,Ltd Apto-pharm, Kolomensky Road, 13A, Moscow, Russia, 115446
| | - N Bazhenova
- Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills d. 1, pp. 12, Moscow, Russia, 119234.,Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125315
| | - P Teslia
- Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Developmental Genetic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - D Panteleev
- Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Developmental Genetic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - V Kovalzon
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij Prosp., Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - G Pavlova
- Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Developmental Genetic, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, Russia, 119334. .,Ltd Apto-pharm, Kolomensky Road, 13A, Moscow, Russia, 115446.
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Halbgebauer S, Nagl M, Klafki H, Haußmann U, Steinacker P, Oeckl P, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Ludolph AC, Soininen H, Herukka SK, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Modified serpinA1 as risk marker for Parkinson's disease dementia: Analysis of baseline data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26145. [PMID: 27184740 PMCID: PMC4868992 DOI: 10.1038/srep26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of dementia in Parkinson disease is a prerequisite for preventive therapeutic approaches. Modified serpinA1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was suggested as an early biomarker for differentiation between Parkinson patients with (PDD) or without dementia (PD). Within this study we aimed to further explore the diagnostic value of serpinA1. We applied a newly developed nanoscale method for the detection of serpinA1 based on automated capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). A clinical sample of 102 subjects including neurologically healthy controls (CON), PD and PDD patients was investigated. Seven serpinA1 isoforms of different charge were detected in CSF from all three diagnostic groups. The mean CSF signals of the most acidic serpinA1 isoform differed significantly (p < 0.01) between PDD (n = 29) and PD (n = 37) or CON (n = 36). Patients above the cut-off of 6.4 have a more than six times higher risk for an association with dementia compared to patients below the cut off. We propose this serpinA1 CIEF-immunoassay as a novel tool in predicting cognitive impairment in PD patients and therefore for patient stratification in therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Klafki
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Haußmann
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
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MacDonald HJ, Byblow WD. Does response inhibition have pre- and postdiagnostic utility in Parkinson's disease? J Mot Behav 2016; 47:29-45. [PMID: 25575221 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2014.941784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (Pd) is the second most prevalent degenerative neurological condition worldwide. Improving and sustaining quality of life is an important goal for Parkinson's patients. Key areas of focus to achieve this goal include earlier diagnosis and individualized treatment. In this review the authors discuss impulse control in Pd and examine how measures of impulse control from a response inhibition task may provide clinically useful information (a) within an objective test battery to aid earlier diagnosis of Pd and (b) in postdiagnostic Pd, to better identify individuals at risk of developing impulse control disorders with dopaminergic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J MacDonald
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , University of Auckland , New Zealand
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Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2014; 2014:475854. [PMID: 24634790 PMCID: PMC3929346 DOI: 10.1155/2014/475854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the commonly occurring nonmotor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP). We aimed to review current evidences on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OH in patients with IPD and AP. Major electronic medical databases were assessed including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2013. English-written original or review articles with keywords such as "Parkinson's disease," "atypical parkinsonism," and "orthostatic hypotension" were searched for relevant evidences. We addressed different issues such as OH definition, epidemiologic characteristics, pathophysiology, testing and diagnosis, risk factors for symptomatic OH, OH as an early sign of IPD, prognosis, and treatment options of OH in parkinsonian syndromes. Symptomatic OH is present in up to 30% of IPD, 80% of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 27% of other AP patients. OH may herald the onset of PD before cardinal motor symptoms and our review emphasises the importance of its timely diagnosis (even as one preclinical marker) and multifactorial treatment, starting with patient education and lifestyle approach. Advancing age, male sex, disease severity, and duration and subtype of motor symptoms are predisposing factors. OH increases the risk of falls, which affects the quality of life in PD patients.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is, after Alzheimer's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an approximate prevalence of 0.5-1% among persons 65-69 years of age, rising to 1-3% among persons 80 years of age and older. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and by the presence of eosinophilic protein deposits (Lewy bodies) in this region, in other aminergic nuclei and in cortical and limbic structures. Moreover, it has now been shown that pathology also involves the peripheral nervous system. Braak and colleagues suggested a thread of pathology starting from the vagal nerve to progress to the brainstem, and eventually to limbic and neocortical brain regions. This progression of pathology may account for the clinical evolution of PD toward a composite symptomatology. However, this hypothesis has been criticized by others. In this chapter, we review the clinical features of PD (motor and nonmotor) and their pathological correlates.
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iTRAQ and multiple reaction monitoring as proteomic tools for biomarker search in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease dementia. Exp Neurol 2012; 234:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Knaryan VH, Samantaray S, Le Gal C, Ray SK, Banik NL. Tracking extranigral degeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease: quest for effective therapeutic strategies. J Neurochem 2011; 118:326-38. [PMID: 21615738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is now interpreted as a complex nervous system disorder in which the projection neurons are predominantly damaged. Such an interpretation is based on mapping of Lewy body and Lewy neurite pathology. Symptoms of the human disease are much widespread, which span from pre-clinical non-motor symptoms and clinical motor symptoms to cognitive discrepancies often seen in advanced stages. Existing symptomatic treatments further complicate with overt drug-irresponsive symptoms. PD is better understood by assimilation of extranigral degenerative pathways with nigrostriatal degenerative mechanisms. The term 'extranigral' appeared first in the 1990s to more rigorously define the nigral pathology by process of elimination. However, as clinicians progressively identified PD symptoms unresponsive to the gold standard drug l-DOPA, definitions of PD symptoms were redefined. Non-motor symptoms prodromal to motor symptoms just as pre-clinical to clinical, and conjointly emerged the concept of nigral versus extranigral degeneration in PD. While nigrostriatal degeneration is responsible for the neurobiological substrates of extrapyramydal motor features, extranigral degeneration corroborates a vast majority of other changes in discrete central, peripheral, and enteric nervous system nuclei, which together account for global symptoms of the human disease. As an extranigral site, spinal cord degeneration has also been implicated in PD progression. Interconnected to the upper CNS structures with descending and ascending pathways, spinal neurons participate in movement and sensory circuits, controlling movement and reflexes. Several clinical and in vivo studies have demonstrated signs of parkinsonism-related degenerative processes in spinal cord, which led to recent consideration of spinal cord as an area of potential therapeutic target. In a nutshell, this review explores how the existing animal models can actually reflect the human disease in order to facilitate PD research. Evolution of extranigral degeneration studies has been succinctly revisited, followed by a survey on animal models in light of recent findings in clinical PD. Together, it may help to develop effective therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varduhi H Knaryan
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Millan MJ. From the cell to the clinic: a comparative review of the partial D₂/D₃receptor agonist and α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, piribedil, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:229-73. [PMID: 20600305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Though L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is universally employed for alleviation of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is poorly-effective against co-morbid symptoms like cognitive impairment and depression. Further, it elicits dyskinesia, its pharmacokinetics are highly variable, and efficacy wanes upon long-term administration. Accordingly, "dopaminergic agonists" are increasingly employed both as adjuncts to L-DOPA and as monotherapy. While all recognize dopamine D(2) receptors, they display contrasting patterns of interaction with other classes of monoaminergic receptor. For example, pramipexole and ropinirole are high efficacy agonists at D(2) and D(3) receptors, while pergolide recognizes D(1), D(2) and D(3) receptors and a broad suite of serotonergic receptors. Interestingly, several antiparkinson drugs display modest efficacy at D(2) receptors. Of these, piribedil displays the unique cellular signature of: 1), signal-specific partial agonist actions at dopamine D(2)and D(3) receptors; 2), antagonist properties at α(2)-adrenoceptors and 3), minimal interaction with serotonergic receptors. Dopamine-deprived striatal D(2) receptors are supersensitive in PD, so partial agonism is sufficient for relief of motor dysfunction while limiting undesirable effects due to "over-dosage" of "normosensitive" D(2) receptors elsewhere. Further, α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonism reinforces adrenergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic transmission to favourably influence motor function, cognition, mood and the integrity of dopaminergic neurones. In reviewing the above issues, the present paper focuses on the distinctive cellular, preclinical and therapeutic profile of piribedil, comparisons to pramipexole, ropinirole and pergolide, and the core triad of symptoms that characterises PD-motor dysfunction, depressed mood and cognitive impairment. The article concludes by highlighting perspectives for clarifying the mechanisms of action of piribedil and other antiparkinson agents, and for optimizing their clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Dept of Psychopharmacology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy/Seine (Paris), France.
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Soderstrom KE, O'Malley JA, Levine ND, Sortwell CE, Collier TJ, Steece-Collier K. Impact of dendritic spine preservation in medium spiny neurons on dopamine graft efficacy and the expression of dyskinesias in parkinsonian rats. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:478-90. [PMID: 20105237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine deficiency associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) results in numerous changes in striatal transmitter function and neuron morphology. Specifically, there is marked atrophy of dendrites and dendritic spines on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN), primary targets of inputs from nigral dopamine and cortical glutamate neurons, in advanced PD and rodent models of severe dopamine depletion. Dendritic spine loss occurs via dysregulation of intraspine Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+)channels and can be prevented, in animal models, by administration of the calcium channel antagonist, nimodipine. The impact of MSN dendritic spine loss in the parkinsonian striatum on dopamine neuron graft therapy remains unexamined. Using unilaterally parkinsonian Sprague-Dawley rats, we tested the hypothesis that MSN dendritic spine preservation through administration of nimodipine would result in improved therapeutic benefit and diminished graft-induced behavioral abnormalities in rats grafted with embryonic ventral midbrain cells. Analysis of rotational asymmetry and spontaneous forelimb use in the cylinder task found no significant effect of dendritic spine preservation in grafted rats. However, analyses of vibrissae-induced forelimb use, levodopa-induced dyskinesias and graft-induced dyskinesias showed significant improvement in rats with dopamine grafts associated with preserved striatal dendritic spine density. Nimodipine treatment in this model did not impact dopamine graft survival but allowed for increased graft reinnervation of striatum. Taken together, these results demonstrate that even with grafting suboptimal numbers of cells, maintaining normal spine density on target MSNs results in overall superior behavioral efficacy of dopamine grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Soderstrom
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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