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Xu C, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. In vivo immunological activity of chitosan-derived nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130105. [PMID: 38346623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has been studied as an immunomodulator, but few studies have used chitosan derivatives as adjuvants alone. After a preliminary study, we found that nanoparticles prepared from chitosan derivatives had better cellular immune activity when used as an adjuvant. Therefore, animal experiments were conducted to further investigate the performance and mechanism of these nanoparticles as immune adjuvants. We injected mice with the chitosan nanoparticle vaccine and measured the expression levels of immunoglobulins, immune factors, and immune genes in tissues and tissue sections. The results showed that C236-HACC-OVA (C2,3,6-chitosan sulfate-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-ovalbumin) and NO-HACC-OVA (NO-carboxymethyl chitosan-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-ovalbumin) nanoparticles can significantly improve the secretion of the immune factors IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β. The level of IgG1 was highly significant after administering both nanoparticles, but IgG2 was not significant in mice. Three immune factors (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17) were secreted at high levels in mouse serum at a nanoparticle dose of 0.3 mg/mouse. These nanoparticles also have high safety in the liver, kidney, and spleen of mice. This study proves the possibility of using chitosan derivative nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants. These data further indicate that chitosan derivative nanoparticles have potential for use as vaccine adjuvants and demonstrate that polysaccharides have a unique position in green vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Benalaya I, Alves G, Lopes J, Silva LR. A Review of Natural Polysaccharides: Sources, Characteristics, Properties, Food, and Pharmaceutical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1322. [PMID: 38279323 PMCID: PMC10816883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, which are described in this study, are some of the most extensively used biopolymers in food, pharmaceutical, and medical applications, because they are renewable and have a high level of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The fundamental understanding required to properly exploit polysaccharides potential in the biocomposite, nanoconjugate, and pharmaceutical industries depends on detailed research of these molecules. Polysaccharides are preferred over other polymers because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity, homogeneity, and bioadhesive properties. Natural polysaccharides have also been discovered to have excellent rheological and biomucoadhesive properties, which may be used to design and create a variety of useful and cost-effective drug delivery systems. Polysaccharide-based composites derived from natural sources have been widely exploited due to their multifunctional properties, particularly in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications. These materials have achieved global attention and are in great demand because to their biochemical properties, which mimic both human and animal cells. Although synthetic polymers account for a substantial amount of organic chemistry, natural polymers play a vital role in a range of industries, including biomedical, pharmaceutical, and construction. As a consequence, the current study will provide information on natural polymers, their biological uses, and food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbel Benalaya
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
| | - João Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Parmaksız S, Pekcan M, Özkul A, Türkmen E, Rivero-Arredondo V, Ontiveros-Padilla L, Forbes N, Perrie Y, López-Macías C, Şenel S. In vivo evaluation of new adjuvant systems based on combination of Salmonella Typhi porins with particulate systems: Liposomes versus polymeric particles. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123568. [PMID: 37925042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines that have weak immunogenic activity require adjuvant systems for enhancedcellular and long-acting humoral immune responses. Both lipid-based and polymeric-based particulate adjuvants have been widely investigated to induce the desired immune responses against the subunit vaccines. The adjuvant efficacy of these particulate adjuvants depends upon their physicochemical properties such as particle size, surface charge, shape and their composition. Previously, we showed in vitro effect of adjuvant systems based on combination of chitosan and Salmonella Typhi porins in microparticle or nanoparticle form, which were spherical with positive surface charge. In the present study, we have further developed an adjuvant system based on combination of porins with liposomes (cationic and neutral) and investigated the adjuvant effect of both the liposomal and polymeric systems in BALB/c mice using a model antigen, ovalbumin. Humoral immune responses were determined following priming and booster dose at 15-day intervals. In overall, IgM and IgG levels were induced in the presence of both the liposomal and polymeric adjuvant systems indicating the positive impact of combination with porins. The highest IgM levels were obtained on Day 8, and liposomal adjuvant systems were found to elicit significantly higher IgM levels compared to polymeric systems. IgG levels were increased significantly after booster, particularly more profound with the micro-sized polymeric system when compared to cationic liposomal system with nano-size. Our results demonstrated that the developed particulate systems are promising both as an adjuvant and delivery system, providing enhanced immune responses against subunit antigens, and have the potential for long-term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Parmaksız
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Türkmen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vanessa Rivero-Arredondo
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ontiveros-Padilla
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neil Forbes
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Yang Y, Li H, Wang F, Jiang P, Wang G. An arabinogalactan extracted with alkali from Portulaca oleracea L. used as an immunopotentiator and a vaccine carrier in its conjugate to BSA. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120998. [PMID: 37321719 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide (POPAN) from Portulaca oleracea L. was isolated with alkali and purified to obtain. HPLC analysis suggested POPAN (40.9 kDa) was mainly composed of Ara and Gal with traces of Glc and Man. GC-MS and 1D/2D NMR analysis confirmed POPAN was an arabinogalactan possessing a backbone mainly composing of (1 → 3)-α-l-Araf-linked arabinan and (1 → 4)-β-d-Galp-linked galactan, which was different from structure characterization of typical arabinogalactan reported previously. Importantly, we conjugated POPAN to BSA (POPAN-BSA), and detected the potential and mechanism of POPAN as an adjuvant in POPAN-BSA. The results indicated, in contrast to BSA, POPAN-BSA induced the robust and persistent humoral response in addition to the cellular response with Th2-biased immunity response in mice. Further investigations of mechanism revealed effects of POPAN-BSA were a result of POPAN as the adjuvant to: 1) significantly activate DCs in vitro or in vivo including the upgraded expressions of costimulators, MHCs and cytokines; 2) greatly facilitated the capture of BSA. Overall, present studies demonstrated POPAN can be a potential adjuvant as an immunopotentiator and an antigen delivery vehicle in its conjugate to recombinant protein vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Feihe Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Guiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Wu N, Chen Q, Zou Y, Miao C, Ma G, Wu J. Chitosan particle-emulsion complex adjuvants: The effect of particle distribution on the immune intensity and response type. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120673. [PMID: 36906359 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Particle-emulsion complex adjuvants as a new trend in the research of vaccine formulation, can improve the immune strength and balance the immune type. However, the location of the particle in the formulation is a key factor that has not been investigated extensively and its type of immunity. In order to investigate the effect of different combining modes of emulsion and particle on the immune response, three types of particle-emulsion complex adjuvant formulations were designed with the combination of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and an o/w emulsion with squalene as the oil phase. The complex adjuvants included the CNP-I group (particle inside the emulsion droplet), CNP-S group (particle on the surface of emulsion droplet) and CNP-O group (particle outside the emulsion droplet), respectively. The formulations with different particle locations behaved with different immunoprotective effects and immune-enhancing mechanisms. Compared with CNP-O, CNP-I and CNP-S significantly improve humoral and cellular immunity. CNP-O was more like two independent systems for immune enhancement. As a result, CNP-S triggered a Th1-type immune bias and CNP-I had more of a Th2-type of the immune response. These data highlight the key influence of the subtle difference of particle location in the droplets for immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qiuting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongjuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Chunyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Murphy EJ, Fehrenbach GW, Abidin IZ, Buckley C, Montgomery T, Pogue R, Murray P, Major I, Rezoagli E. Polysaccharides-Naturally Occurring Immune Modulators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102373. [PMID: 37242947 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention of disease and infection requires immune systems that operate effectively. This is accomplished by the elimination of infections and abnormal cells. Immune or biological therapy treats disease by either stimulating or inhibiting the immune system, dependent upon the circumstances. In plants, animals, and microbes, polysaccharides are abundant biomacromolecules. Due to the intricacy of their structure, polysaccharides may interact with and impact the immune response; hence, they play a crucial role in the treatment of several human illnesses. There is an urgent need for the identification of natural biomolecules that may prevent infection and treat chronic disease. This article addresses some of the naturally occurring polysaccharides of known therapeutic potential that have already been identified. This article also discusses extraction methods and immunological modulatory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Gustavo Waltzer Fehrenbach
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ismin Zainol Abidin
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ciara Buckley
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Therese Montgomery
- School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Pogue
- Universidade Católica de Brasilia, QS 7 LOTE 1-Taguatinga, Brasília 71680-613, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Murray
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Parmaksız S, Gül A, Erkunt Alak S, Karakavuk M, Can H, Gül C, Karakavuk T, López-Macías C, Puralı N, Döşkaya M, Şenel S. Development of multistage recombinant protein vaccine formulations against toxoplasmosis using a new chitosan and porin based adjuvant system. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122199. [PMID: 36115468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a global health problem affecting both human and animal populations. The lack of effective treatment makes the development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis one of the main goals in the management of this disease. In our study, vaccine formulations containing the multistage recombinant antigens, rBAG1 + rGRA1 were developed with a combined adjuvant system consisting of chitosan and Salmonella Typhi porins in micro (MicroAS) and nanoparticulate (NanoAS) forms. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with vaccine formulations two times at three-week intervals. Three weeks after the second vaccination, mice were challenged with 7-8 live tissue cysts of the virulent T. gondii PRU strain by oral gavage. Higher cellular uptake by macrophages and enhanced cellular (IFN-γ and I-4 in stimulated spleen cells) and humoral (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) responses were obtained with the adjuvanted formulation, higher with microsystem when compared to that of nanosystem. Microsystem was found to stimulate Th1-polarized immune responses, whereasnon-adjuvanted antigens stimulated Th2-polarized immune response. The highest survival rate and reduction in cysts numbers and T. gondii DNA were obtained with the adjuvanted antigens.Our study showed that adjuvanted multistage recombinant vaccine systems increase theimmune response with strong protection againstT. gondii, more profoundly in microparticulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Parmaksız
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Aytül Gül
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey; Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Karakavuk
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University, Vocational School, Odemis, Izmir 35750, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gül
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University Institute of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Karakavuk
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University Institute of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital of the National Medical Centre ''Siglo XXI'', Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nuhan Puralı
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics,06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Ege University Vaccine Development, Application and Research Center, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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Bashir SM, Ahmed Rather G, Patrício A, Haq Z, Sheikh AA, Shah MZUH, Singh H, Khan AA, Imtiyaz S, Ahmad SB, Nabi S, Rakhshan R, Hassan S, Fonte P. Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Versatile Platform for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196521. [PMID: 36233864 PMCID: PMC9570720 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer that has been extensively explored in recent decades. The Food and Drug Administration has approved chitosan for wound treatment and nutritional use. Furthermore, chitosan has paved the way for advancements in different biomedical applications including as a nanocarrier and tissue-engineering scaffold. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, and haemostatic properties make it an excellent option for wound dressings. Because of its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is an ideal starting material for biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels. To suit specific application demands, chitosan can be combined with fillers, such as hydroxyapatite, to modify the mechanical characteristics of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Furthermore, the cationic characteristics of chitosan have made it a popular choice for gene delivery and cancer therapy. Thus, the use of chitosan nanoparticles in developing novel drug delivery systems has received special attention. This review aims to provide an overview of chitosan-based nanoparticles, focusing on their versatile properties and different applications in biomedical sciences and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Gulzar Ahmed Rather
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600119, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Ana Patrício
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zulfiqar Haq
- ICAR-Poultry Seed Project, Division of LPM, Skuast-K 132001, India
| | - Amir Amin Sheikh
- International Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (IIVER), Bahu Akbarpur, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Mohd Zahoor ul Haq Shah
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Bioscience, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Azmat Alam Khan
- ICAR-Poultry Seed Project, Division of LPM, Skuast-K 132001, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Showket Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
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Khorshidvand Z, Khosravi A, Mahboobian MM, Larki-Harchegani A, Fallah M, Maghsood AH. Novel naltrexone hydrochloride nanovaccine based on chitosan nanoparticles promotes induction of Th1 and Th17 immune responses resulting in protection against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:962-972. [PMID: 35346684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to encapsulate and construct the Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen (SAG1) and naltrexone hydrochloride (NLT-HCL) as an adjuvant within chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) to develop efficacious vaccine against T. gondii. Seven groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with SAG1, chitosan (CS), NLT-SAG1, CS-SAG1, CS-SAG1-NLT, CS-NLT and PBS. The efficiency of each approach was detected in vivo mouse immunization. Moreover, the immuno-induction effect of SAG1 recombinant protein and CS-NPs-based NLT-HCL as an adjuvant in a vaccine delivery was evaluated. Experimentally, Th1/Th17 biased cellular and humoral immune responses were activated in the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-NLT nanoparticles that were accompanied by considerable increased production of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-12, IL-4, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, IgG, IgG2a. This group of mice also showed significantly increased survival time post-challenging. The successful encapsulated SAG1 recombinant protein and NLT-HCL, as an adjuvant, within CS-NPs can induce immune responses against toxoplasmosis. We could incorporate NLT-HCL adjuvant into the CS-NPs based delivery systems, which makes CS-NPs attractive as a colloidal carrier system for NLT-HCL as secondary adjuvant. This new approach or the simultaneous use of CS and NLT demonstrated that the co-administration of CS-NPs and NLT-HCL induce production of IL-17 cytokine. This approach can be used for vaccination purposes, in which Th17 and Th1 cellular immune are considered the key of the successful immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khorshidvand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afra Khosravi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Larki-Harchegani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fallah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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10
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Santana JPP, Marcato PD, Massaro TNC, Godoy NL, Anibal FDF, Borra RC. Efficacy of instillation of MB49 cells and thermoreversible polymeric gel in urothelial bladder carcinoma immunization. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:11. [PMID: 35513853 PMCID: PMC9069826 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit has long been a goal in immunology, especially in cancer treatment, but the low immunogenicity of antitumor vaccines remains a limiting factor in the fight against malignant neoplasms. The increase in the immunogenicity of weak antigens using biodegradable polymers, such as chitosan, has been observed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the effects of the vaccine using a combination of tumor cells and a thermoreversible delivery system based on chitosan in bladder cancer models, mainly using the intravesical route to stimulate the antitumor immune response, are unknown. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of a polymeric gel matrix (TPG) formed by poloxamer 407 and chitosan, associated with MB49 cells, as an intravesical antitumor vaccine using a C57BL/6 murine model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. The effectiveness of immunization was analyzed with the formation of three experimental groups: Control, TPG and TPG + MB49. In the vaccination phase, the TPG + MB49 group underwent a traumatic injury to the bladder wall with immediate intravesical instillation of the vaccine compound containing MB49 cells embedded in TPG. The TPG group was subjected to the same procedures using the compound containing the gel diluted in medium, and the control group using only the medium. After 21 days, the animals were challenged with tumor induction.
Results In vitro tests showed loss of viability and inability to proliferate after exposure to TPG. In vivo tests showed that animals previously immunized with TPG + MB49 had higher cumulative survival, as well as significantly lower bladder weight and size in contrast to the other two groups that did not show a statistically different tumor evolution. In addition, the splenocytes of these animals also showed a higher rate of antitumor cytotoxicity in relation to the TPG and control groups.
Conclusions We can conclude that MB49 cells embedded in a polymeric thermoreversible gel matrix with chitosan used in the form of an intravesical vaccine are able to stimulate the immune response and affect the development of the bladder tumor in an orthotopic and syngeneic C57BL/6 murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Naiane Lima Godoy
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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11
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Koirala P, Bashiri S, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Current Prospects in Peptide-Based Subunit Nanovaccines. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:309-338. [PMID: 34918253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination renders protection against pathogens via stimulation of the body's natural immune responses. Classical vaccines that utilize whole organisms or proteins have several disadvantages, such as induction of undesired immune responses, poor stability, and manufacturing difficulties. The use of minimal immunogenic pathogen components as vaccine antigens, i.e., peptides, can greatly reduce these shortcomings. However, subunit antigens require a specific delivery system and immune adjuvant to increase their efficacy. Recently, nanotechnology has been extensively utilized to address this issue. Nanotechnology-based formulation of peptide vaccines can boost immunogenicity and efficiently induce cellular and humoral immune responses. This chapter outlines the recent developments and advances of nano-sized delivery platforms for peptide antigens, including nanoparticles composed of polymers, peptides, lipids, and inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Wang Q, Sun X, Huang X, Huang J, Hasan MW, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Nanoparticles of Chitosan/Poly(D,L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Enhanced the Immune Responses of Haemonchus contortus HCA59 Antigen in Model Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3125-3139. [PMID: 33981142 PMCID: PMC8107376 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 (HCA59) from excretory/secretory products of Haemonchus contortus is known to have the ability to modulate the functions of host cells. However, its immunogenicities using different nanoparticles adjuvants remain poorly understood. Purpose The study aimed to select an efficient nanoparticle antigen delivery system, which could enhance the immune responses of Haemonchus contortus HCA59 in mice. Methods Here, the immune responses induced by the recombinant protein of HCA59 (rHCA59) with poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles, Chitosan nanoparticles, mixture of PLGA and Chitosan nanoparticles (rHCA59-Chitosan-PLGA), and Freund’s complete adjuvant were observed, respectively, in mice. Cytokine and antibody levels induced by different groups were detected by ELISA assay. The effects of lymphocyte proliferations on different groups were examined using CCK-8 kit. Phenotypes of T cells and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results On day 14 post vaccination, levels of IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 were significantly increased in the groups immunized with rHCA59 encapsulated with nanoparticles. After mice were vaccinated with rHCA59 loaded with Chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles, lymphocytes proliferated significantly. Additionally, the percentages of CD4+ T cells (CD3+ CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3+ CD8+), and dendritic cells (CD11c+ CD83+, CD11c+ CD86+) were obviously up-regulated in the mice immunized with nanoparticles, especially in the rHCA59-Chitosan-PLGA antigen delivery system group. Conclusion The findings of this research demonstrated that rHCA59-Chitosan-PLGA antigen delivery system could induce higher immune responses in mice model and indicated that rHCA59 might be a good candidate molecule to develop nanovaccines against Haemonchus contortus in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Waqqas Hasan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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13
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Natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:197-216. [PMID: 37117529 PMCID: PMC7829660 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also less immunogenic and require an adjuvant to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen and potentiate the immune response. Unfortunately, few adjuvants have sufficient potency and low enough toxicity for clinical use, highlighting the urgent need for new, potent and safe adjuvants. Notably, a number of natural and synthetic carbohydrate structures have been used as adjuvants in clinical trials, and two have recently been approved in human vaccines. However, naturally derived carbohydrate adjuvants are heterogeneous, difficult to obtain and, in some cases, unstable. In addition, their molecular mechanisms of action are generally not fully understood, partly owing to the lack of tools to elucidate their immune-potentiating effects, thus hampering the rational development of optimized adjuvants. To address these challenges, modification of the natural product structure using synthetic chemistry emerges as an attractive approach to develop well-defined, improved carbohydrate-containing adjuvants and chemical probes for mechanistic investigation. This Review describes selected examples of natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based adjuvants and their application in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, while also discussing current understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Mohammed ASA, Naveed M, Jost N. Polysaccharides; Classification, Chemical Properties, and Future Perspective Applications in Fields of Pharmacology and Biological Medicine (A Review of Current Applications and Upcoming Potentialities). JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:2359-2371. [PMID: 33526994 PMCID: PMC7838237 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential macromolecules which almost exist in all living forms, and have important biological functions, they are getting more attention because they exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antiviral, and hypoglycemia activities, making them one of the most promising candidates in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Polysaccharides can be obtained from many different sources, such as plants, microorganisms, algae, and animals. Due to their physicochemical properties, they are susceptible to physical and chemical modifications leading to enhanced properties, which is the basic concept for their diverse applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we will give insight into the most recent updated applications of polysaccharides and their potentialities as alternatives for traditional and conventional therapies. Challenges and limitations for polysaccharides in pharmaceutical utilities are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Saleh A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
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15
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guo J, Tang J, Han Y, Li Z, Fu C. Preparation, Bioactivities and Applications in Food Industry of Chitosan-Based Maillard Products: A Review. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010166. [PMID: 33396532 PMCID: PMC7795806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a biopolymer possessing numerous interesting bioactivities and excellent technological properties, has received great attention from scientists in different fields including the food industry, pharmacy, medicine, and environmental fields. A series of recent studies have reported exciting results about improvement of the properties of chitosan using the Maillard reaction. However, there is a lack of a systemic review about the preparation, bioactivities and applications in food industry of chitosan-based Maillard reaction products (CMRPs). The presence of free amino groups in chitosan allows it to acquire some stronger or new functional properties via the Maillard reaction. The present review aims to focus on the current research status of synthesis, optimization and structural identification of CMRPs. The applications of CMRPs in the food industry are also discussed according to their biological and technological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and inducing conformational changes of allergens in food. Some promising directions for future research are proposed in this review, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the further development of chitosan and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-0134-9082
| | - Fang Zhou
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Offshore Resources, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (F.Z.); (J.G.)
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Offshore Resources, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (F.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiajie Tang
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yanqing Han
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhanming Li
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Caili Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Offshore Resources, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (F.Z.); (J.G.)
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (J.T.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Peng J, Xiao Y, Wan X, Chen Q, Wang H, Li J, Chen J, Gao R. Enhancement of Immune Response and Anti-Infection of Mice by Porcine Antimicrobial Peptides and Interleukin-4/6 Fusion Gene Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030552. [PMID: 32967351 PMCID: PMC7563165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a novel and effective immunoregulator to enhance both the immune response and antimicrobial function, a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid-pVAX1 co-expressing fusion cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and fusion porcine interleukin-4/6 gene (IL-4/6) was constructed and encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CS-VAP4/6), prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. Four-week-old female Kunming mice were divided into three groups and intramuscularly injected, respectively, with CS-VAP, CS-VAP4/6, and CS-pVAX1. On 28 days post-inoculation, the mice were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922); IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in the VAP- and VAP4/6- treated mice, detected by ELISA and flow cytometry, correspondingly (p < 0.05). As analyzed by qPCR, expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) genes were also significantly up-regulated in comparison with those of the control mice (p < 0.05). Their immunological markers were elevated significantly to different degrees in CS-VAP4/6-treated mice compared with CS-VAP in different days post-inoculation (p < 0.05). After challenge with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, most of the VAP- and VAP4/6- treated mice survived, and no symptoms of bacterial infection were observed. In contrast, 80% of control mice died of infection. Among the treated groups, VAP4/6 had a stronger resistance against challenge with E. coli infection. These results demonstrated that the fusion gene of antimicrobial peptide and interleukin-4/6 has the promising potential as a safe and effective immunomodulator for the control of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Peng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Yongle Xiao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jiangling Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Jianlin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.G.); Fax: +86-28-8547199 (R.G.)
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (J.P.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (Q.C.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.G.); Fax: +86-28-8547199 (R.G.)
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Lessons from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Harnessing Trained Immunity for Vaccine Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092109. [PMID: 32948003 PMCID: PMC7564904 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine design traditionally focuses on inducing adaptive immune responses against a sole target pathogen. Considering that many microbes evade innate immune mechanisms to initiate infection, and in light of the discovery of epigenetically mediated innate immune training, the paradigm of vaccine design has the potential to change. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine induces some level of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) while stimulating trained immunity that correlates with lower mortality and increased protection against unrelated pathogens. This review will explore BCG-induced trained immunity, including the required pathways to establish this phenotype. Additionally, potential methods to improve or expand BCG trained immunity effects through alternative vaccine delivery and formulation methods will be discussed. Finally, advances in new anti-Mtb vaccines, other antimicrobial uses for BCG, and “innate memory-based vaccines” will be examined.
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18
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Şenel S. Nanotechnology and Animal Health. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 9:26-35. [PMID: 32912131 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200910101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a rapidly expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, including animal healthcare. It promises to revolutionize drug and vaccine delivery, diagnostics, and theranostics, which has become an important tool in personalized medicine by integrating therapeutics and diagnostics. Nanotechnology has also been used successfully in animal nutrition. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in animal health will be reviewed with its pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100-Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Maeyama JI, Kurata-Iesato Y, Isaka M, Komiya T, Sakurai S. Induction of antibody responses in mice immunized intranasally with Type I interferon as adjuvant and synergistic effect of chitosan. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:610-619. [PMID: 32662896 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are a range of host-derived molecules with adjuvant potential; they have been used for many years in the treatment of cancer and viral hepatitis. Therefore, the safety of IFNs for human use has been established. In this study, we evaluated the mucosal adjuvanticity of IFN-β administered intranasally to mice with diphtheria toxoid, and suggested a method to improve its adjuvanticity. When IFN-β alone was used as a mucosal adjuvant, no clear results were obtained. However, simultaneous administration of IFN-β and chitosan resulted in an enhancement of the specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses, the mucosal IgA antibody response, and antitoxin titers. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of IFN-α alone resulted in a greater increase in antibody titer than IFN-β, and a synergistic effect with chitosan was also observed. These findings suggest that intranasal administration of chitosan and Type I IFNs may display an effective synergistic mucosal adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Maeyama
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurata-Iesato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Toray Industries Inc., Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Isaka
- Department of Microbiology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Komiya
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingou Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Federer C, Kurpiers M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Chitosans: A Multi-talented Class of Polymers for Various Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:24-56. [PMID: 32567846 PMCID: PMC7805012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various properties of chitosan can be customized by thiolation for very specific needs in a wide range of application areas. Since the discovery of thiolated chitosans, many studies have proven their advantageous characteristics, such as adhesion to biological surfaces, adjustable cross-linking and swelling behavior, controllable drug release, permeation as well as cellular uptake enhancement, inhibition of efflux pumps and enzymes, complexation of metal ions, antioxidative properties, and radical scavenging activity. Simultaneously, these polymers remain biodegradable without increased toxicity. Within this Review, an overview about the different possibilities to covalently attach sulfhydryl ligands to the polymeric backbone of chitosan is given, and the resulting versatile physiochemical properties are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of applications for thiolated chitosans in science and industry, ranging from their most advanced use in pharmaceutical and medical science over wastewater treatment to the impregnation of textiles, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Federer
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Kurpiers
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Chitosan-based particulate systems for drug and vaccine delivery in the treatment and prevention of neglected tropical diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1644-1674. [PMID: 32588282 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of infections which are difficult to prevent or control, affecting impoverished communities that are unique to tropical or subtropical regions. In spite of the low number of drugs that are currently used for the treatment of these diseases, progress on new drug discovery and development for NTDs is still very limited. Therefore, strategies on the development of new delivery systems for current drugs have been the main focus of formulators to provide improved efficacy and safety. In recent years, particulate delivery systems at micro- and nanosize, including polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have been widely investigated in the treatment and control of NTDs. Among these polymers used for the preparation of such systems is chitosan, which is a marine biopolymer obtained from the shells of crustaceans. Chitosan has been investigated as a delivery system due to the versatility of its physicochemical properties as well as bioadhesive and penetration-enhancing properties. Furthermore, chitosan can be also used to improve treatment due to its bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, tissue regeneration, etc. In this review, after giving a brief introduction to neglected diseases and particulate systems developed for the treatment and control of NTDs, the chitosan-based systems will be described in more detail and the recent studies on these systems will be reviewed. Graphical abstract.
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22
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Cloning and Expression of the Tibetan Pig Interleukin-23 Gene and Its Promotion of Immunity of Pigs to PCV2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020250. [PMID: 32466622 PMCID: PMC7349970 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have been studied intensely and found to be effective in decreasing mortality and improving growth in swine populations. In this study, interleukin-23 (IL-23) gene was cloned from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Tibetan pigs and inserted into a eukaryotic VR1020 expression vector-VRIL23. Coated with chitosan (CS), the VRIL23-CS was intramuscularly injected into 3-week-old piglets with PCV2 vaccine. The blood was collected after vaccination at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, to detect the immunological changes. The IgG2a and specific PCV2 antibodies were detected using ELISA, and blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to evaluate the expression of immune genes. The results indicate that leukocytes, erythrocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in the blood of VRIL23-CS inoculated piglets in comparison with the control (p < 0.05) and so did the IgG2a and PCV2 antibodies. In addition, the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR7, cluster of differentiation (CD) 45, IL-15, IL-12, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 genes were also obviously higher in the VRIL23-CS inoculated pigs at different time points (p < 0.05). Overall, the results demonstrated that VRIL23-CS can enhance the comprehensive immune responses to PCV2 vaccine in vivo and has the promising potential to be developed into a safe and effective adjuvant to promote the immunity of pig against PCV disease.
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Zhao L, Jin W, Cruz JG, Marasini N, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E823. [PMID: 32357402 PMCID: PMC7712447 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide subunit vaccines hold great potential compared to traditional vaccines. However, peptides alone are poorly immunogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance that a vaccine delivery platform and/or adjuvant that enhances the immunogenicity of peptide antigens is developed. Here, we report the development of two different systems for the delivery of lipopeptide subunit vaccine (LCP-1) against group A streptococcus: polymer-coated liposomes and polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). First, LCP-1-loaded and alginate/trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-coated liposomes (Lip-1) and LCP-1/alginate/TMC PECs (PEC-1) were examined for their ability to trigger required immune responses in outbred Swiss mice; PEC-1 induced stronger humoral immune responses than Lip-1. To further assess the adjuvanting effect of anionic polymers in PECs, a series of PECs (PEC-1 to PEC-5) were prepared by mixing LCP-1 with different anionic polymers, namely alginate, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, hyaluronic acid, and heparin, then coated with TMC. All produced PECs had similar particle sizes (around 200 nm) and surface charges (around + 30 mV). Notably, PEC-5, which contained heparin, induced higher antigen-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA titers than all other PECs. PEC systems, especially when containing heparin and TMC, could function as a promising platform for peptide-based subunit vaccine delivery for intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Wanli Jin
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Jazmina Gonzalez Cruz
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools that can activate the immune system for protection against various diseases. As carbohydrates can play important roles in immune recognition, they have been widely applied in vaccine development. Carbohydrate antigens have been investigated in vaccines against various pathogenic microbes and cancer. Polysaccharides such as dextran and β-glucan can serve as smart vaccine carriers for efficient antigen delivery to immune cells. Some glycolipids, such as galactosylceramide and monophosphoryl lipid A, are strong immune stimulators, which have been studied as vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the current advances in applying carbohydrates as vaccine delivery carriers and adjuvants. We will discuss the examples that involve chemical modifications of the carbohydrates for effective antigen delivery, as well as covalent antigen-carbohydrate conjugates for enhanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Yüksel S, Pekcan M, Puralı N, Esendağlı G, Tavukçuoğlu E, Rivero-Arredondo V, Ontiveros-Padilla L, López-Macías C, Şenel S. Development and in vitro evaluation of a new adjuvant system containing Salmonella Typhi porins and chitosan. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119129. [PMID: 32045689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the immunogenicity of the highly purified vaccine antigens, addition of an adjuvant to formulation, without affecting the safety of the vaccine, has been the key aim of the vaccine formulators. In recent years, adjuvants which are composed of a delivery system and immunopotentiators have been preferred to induce potent immune responses. In this study, we have combined Salmonella Typhi porins and chitosan to develop a new adjuvant system to enhance the immunogenicity of the highly purified antigens. Cationic gels, microparticle (1.69 ± 0.01 μm) and nanoparticles (337.7 ± 1.7 nm) based on chitosan were prepared with high loading efficiency of porins. Cellular uptake was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the macrophage activation was investigated by measuring the surface marker as well as the cytokine release in vitro in J774A.1 macrophage murine cells. Porins alone were not taken up by the macrophage cells whereas in combination with chitosan a significant uptake was obtained. Porins-chitosan combination systems were found to induce CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expressions at different levels by different formulations depending on the particle size. Similarly, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were found to increase with porins-chitosan combination. Our results demonstrated that combination of porins with chitosan as a particulate system exerts enhanced adjuvant effect, suggesting a promising adjuvant system for subunit vaccines with combined immunostimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Yüksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Dışkapı, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuhan Puralı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Tavukçuoğlu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vanessa Rivero-Arredondo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ontiveros-Padilla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional 'Siglo XXI', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Nouri A, Jelkmann M, Khoee S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Diaminated Starch: A Competitor of Chitosan with Highly Mucoadhesive Properties due to Increased Local Cationic Charge Density. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:999-1008. [PMID: 31940199 PMCID: PMC7205387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to synthesize diaminated starch as a novel mucoadhesive polymer. Starch was tosylated and then reacted with ethylenediamine. The degree of amination was determined by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid assay. Properties of diaminated starch including solubility, cytotoxicity, swelling behavior, and mucoadhesion were compared to chitosan. Diaminated starch displayed 2083 ± 121.6 μmol of diamine substructures/g of polymer. At pH 6, diaminated starch exhibited a ζ potential of 6 mV, whereas it was close to zero in the case of unmodified starch. In addition, diaminated starch displayed water solubility over the entire pH range and minor cytotoxicity. The novel polymer showed pronounced swelling behavior in water increasing its initial weight 18- and 6-fold at pH 5 and 6, respectively. Moreover, diaminated starch exhibited 92-fold higher-mucoadhesivity properties than those of chitosan. According to these results, diaminated starch might be a promising novel excipient for the design of mucoadhesive formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Nouri
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science , University of Tehran , P.O. Box 14, 155-6455 Tehran , Iran
| | - Max Jelkmann
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science , University of Tehran , P.O. Box 14, 155-6455 Tehran , Iran
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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Jin Z, Gao S, Cui X, Sun D, Zhao K. Adjuvants and delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles for mucosal vaccines. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118731. [PMID: 31669213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the mucosal surface is the most effective way to trigger a protective mucosal immune response, but the vast majority of vaccines used are administered by injection. Strategies to enhance the mucosal immunity have been developed by using vaccine adjuvants, delivery systems, bacterial or viral vectors, and DNA vaccines. Appropriate vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery systems can improve the immunogenicity of antigens, induce a stronger immune response, and reduce the vaccine dose and production cost. In recent years, many studies have focused on finding safe and effective vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery systems to formulate the mucosal vaccines for solving the above problems. Great progress has also been made in vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery systems based on biodegradable polymer nanoparticles. In this paper, the research progress of the mucosal vaccine and its related adjuvants and drug delivery systems in recent years was reviewed, and the application of polymers as adjuvants and drug delivery system in vaccine was prospected. This review provides a fundamental knowledge for the application of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles as adjuvants and carriers in mucosal vaccines and shows great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xianlan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Bluesky Biotech (Harbin) Co., Ltd., Harbin 150028, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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Bose RJC, Kim M, Chang JH, Paulmurugan R, Moon JJ, Koh WG, Lee SH, Park H. Biodegradable polymers for modern vaccine development. J IND ENG CHEM 2019; 77:12-24. [PMID: 32288512 PMCID: PMC7129903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most traditional vaccines are composed either of a whole pathogen or its parts; these vaccines, however, are not always effective and can even be harmful. As such, additional agents known as adjuvants are necessary to increase vaccine safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the potential of biodegradable materials, including synthetic and natural polymers, for vaccine delivery. These materials are highly biocompatible and have minimal toxicity, and most biomaterial-based vaccines delivering antigens or adjuvants have been shown to improve immune response, compared to formulations consisting of the antigen alone. Therefore, these materials can be applied in modern vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran JC Bose
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States
| | - Minwoo Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University Biomedical, Campus 32, Gyeonggi 10326, South Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
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Zhao L, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Polyelectrolyte-Based Platforms for the Delivery of Peptides and Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4937-4950. [PMID: 33455241 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical field has increased dramatically over recent years. They have been especially relevant to advances in the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, and cardiovascular, ophthalmological, metabolic, and infectious diseases. Despite the great potential of peptides and proteins, their use in pharmaceuticals has failed to reach its full potential because of some outstanding challenges. They are unstable under storage conditions and in biological milieus, and their high molecular weight limits permeation through biological membranes. A variety of delivery systems have been investigated to overcome these limitations. Polyelectrolytes (PEs) are molecules that bear multiple negative or positive charges. These molecules play an important role in various platforms relating to the delivery of peptide/protein-based drugs and subunit vaccines. The most commonly utilized PEs include chitosan, alginate, chondroitin sulfate, and poly(γ-glutamic acid). PE-based delivery systems, such as polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), PE-coated nanocarriers, and PE multilayers, were designed to protect peptides and proteins from degradation and facilitate their absorption. These delivery systems are especially effective when administered orally or intranasally. This review emphasizes the important role of PEs and PE-based delivery vehicles in peptide/protein-based drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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The Combinations Chitosan-Pam 3CSK 4 and Chitosan-Monophosphoryl Lipid A: Promising Immune-Enhancing Adjuvants for Anticaries Vaccine PAc. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00651-19. [PMID: 31527122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00651-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that recombinant protein PAc could be administered as an anticaries vaccine. However, the relatively weak immunogenicity of PAc limits its application. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two adjuvant combinations of chitosan plus Pam3CSK4 (chitosan-Pam3CSK4) and of chitosan plus monophosphoryl lipid A (chitosan-MPL) in the immune responses to the PAc protein in vivo and in vitro PAc-chitosan-Pam3CSK4 or PAc-chitosan-MPL promoted significantly higher PAc-specific antibody titers in serum and saliva, inhibited Streptococcus mutans colonization onto the tooth surfaces, and endowed better protection effect with significantly less caries activities than PAc alone. Chitosan-Pam3CSK4 and chitosan-MPL showed no statistically significant differences. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the chitosan-Pam3CSK4 and chitosan-MPL combinations are promising for anticaries vaccine development.
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Sanina N. Vaccine Adjuvants Derived from Marine Organisms. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E340. [PMID: 31382606 PMCID: PMC6723903 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants help to enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens. The adjuvant effect of certain substances was noted long ago (the 40s of the last century), and since then a large number of adjuvants belonging to different groups of chemicals have been studied. This review presents research data on the nonspecific action of substances originated from marine organisms, their derivatives and complexes, united by the name 'adjuvants'. There are covered the mechanisms of their action, safety, as well as the practical use of adjuvants derived from marine hydrobionts in medical immunology and veterinary medicine to create modern vaccines that should be non-toxic and efficient. The present review is intended to briefly describe some important achievements in the use of marine resources to solve this important problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sanina
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern, Federal University, Sukhanov Str., 8, Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
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Jangid NK, Hada D, Rathore K. Chitosan as an emerging object for biological and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural polymers are being investigated with renewed exuberance as they have a tremendous unexploited potential. During the past few decades, much interest has developed in the biopolymer-based materials due to their biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible and non-allergic nature. Chitosan (CS) is the second most abundant naturally occurring amino polysaccharide after cellulose and is extracted from the shells of sea crustaceans. The primary amine group in CS is responsible for its various properties and it is derived from the deacetylated form of chitin. Its biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable and antimicrobial properties have led to significant research towards biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, obesity treatment, etc. This review summarizes the present work done by researchers in prospects of CS and its numerous applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Kumari Jangid
- Department of Chemistry , Banasthali Vidyapith , Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan , India
| | - Deepa Hada
- Department of Botany , Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan , India
| | - Kavita Rathore
- Department of Botany , Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan , India
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Muralidharan A, Russell MS, Larocque L, Gravel C, Sauvé S, Chen Z, Li C, Chen W, Cyr T, Rosu-Myles M, Wang L, Li X. Chitosan alters inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine elicited immune responses without affecting lung histopathology in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:4031-4039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mucosal delivery of recombinant hcp of Campylobacter jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:182-197. [PMID: 31078054 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently emerged as a new pattern of protein secretions in Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Within the T6SS cluster, hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is considered as a hallmark of functional T6SS and holds key role in bacterial virulence. As poultry is the primary reservoir of C. jejuni and the major sources for human infection, we evaluated the capacity of recombinant hcp (rhcp) immunization in blocking C. jejuni colonization in chickens with an aim to control bacterial transmission to humans via poultry food chain. Considering the mucosal route is the primary portal for C. jejuni entry and gut mucosa offers the apposite site for C. jejuni adherence, we investigated the immune-protective potential of intra-gastric administration of rhcp using chitosan-based nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, full length coding sequence of hcp gene from C. jejuni was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Purified rhcp was entrapped in chitosan-Sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) and orally gavaged in chickens. Our results suggest that intra-gastric immunization of CS-TPP-rhcp induces consistent and steady increase in intestinal (sIgA) and systemic antibody (IgY) response against rhcp with significant reduction in cecal load of C. jejuni. The protection afforded by rhcp associated cellular responses with Th1 and Th17 profile in terms of increased expression of NFkB, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17 A genes. Though systemic immunization of rhcp with IFA resulting in a robust systemic (IgY) and local (sIgA) antibody response, mucosal administration of rhcp loaded CS-TPP NPs was found to be superior in terms of bacterial clearance. Altogether, present study suggests that chitosan based intra-gastric delivery of rhcp have several advantages over the injectable composition and could be a promising vaccine approach to effectively control C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Cohen E, Merzendorfer H. Chitin/Chitosan: Versatile Ecological, Industrial, and Biomedical Applications. EXTRACELLULAR SUGAR-BASED BIOPOLYMERS MATRICES 2019; 12. [PMCID: PMC7115017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a linear polysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, which is highly abundant in nature and mainly produced by marine crustaceans. Chitosan is obtained by hydrolytic deacetylation. Both polysaccharides are renewable resources, simply and cost-effectively extracted from waste material of fish industry, mainly crab and shrimp shells. Research over the past five decades has revealed that chitosan, in particular, possesses unique and useful characteristics such as chemical versatility, polyelectrolyte properties, gel- and film-forming ability, high adsorption capacity, antimicrobial and antioxidative properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility and biodegradability features. A plethora of chemical chitosan derivatives have been synthesized yielding improved materials with suggested or effective applications in water treatment, biosensor engineering, agriculture, food processing and storage, textile additives, cosmetics fabrication, and in veterinary and human medicine. The number of studies in this research field has exploded particularly during the last two decades. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing chitosan and chitosan derivatives in different technical, agricultural, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Cohen
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- School of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology – Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Bento D, Jesus S, Lebre F, Gonçalves T, Borges O. Chitosan Plus Compound 48/80: Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation as a Hepatitis B Vaccine Adjuvant. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020072. [PMID: 30744102 PMCID: PMC6409706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccine research is mostly based on subunit antigens. Despite the better toxicity profile of these antigens they are often poorly immunogenic, so adjuvant association has been explored as a strategy to obtain a potent vaccine formulation. Recently, mast cell activators were recognized as a new class of vaccine adjuvants capable of potentiating mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, a co-adjuvanted delivery system was developed and characterized, combining the mast cell activator C48/80 with chitosan nanoparticles (Chi-C48/80 NPs), and the results were compared with plain chitosan nanoparticles. The adsorption of model antigens onto the NP surface as well as the biocompatibility of the system was not affected by the incorporation of C48/80 in the formulation. The stability of the nanoparticles was demonstrated by studying the variation of size and zeta potential at different times, and the ability to be internalized by antigen presenting cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Vaccination studies with hepatitis B surface antigen loaded Chi-C48/80 NPs validated the adjuvanticity of the delivery system, demonstrating for the first time a successful association between a mast cell activator and chitosan nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant for hepatitis B virus, applied to a nasal vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Bento
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Jesus
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Lebre
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Olga Borges
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Desbrieres J, Peptu C, Ochiuz L, Savin C, Popa M, Vasiliu S. Application of Chitosan-Based Formulations in Controlled Drug Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Annually recurring seasonal influenza causes massive economic loss and poses severe threats to public health worldwide. The current seasonal influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing influenza infections but possess major weaknesses. Seasonal influenza vaccines require annual updating of the vaccine strains. However, it is an unreachable task to accurately predict the future circulating strains. Vaccines with mismatched strains dramatically compromise the vaccine efficacy. In addition, the seasonal influenza vaccines are ineffective against an unpredictable pandemic. A universal influenza vaccine would overcome these weaknesses of the seasonal vaccines and abolish the threat of influenza pandemics. One approach under investigation is to design influenza vaccine immunogens based on conserved, type-specific amino acid sequences and conformational epitopes, rather than strain-specific. Such vaccines can elicit broadly reactive humoral and cellular immunity. Universal influenza vaccine development has intensively employed nanotechnology because the structural and morphological properties of nanoparticles dramatically improve vaccine immunogenicity and the induced immunity duration. Layered protein nanoparticles can decrease off-target immune responses, fine-tune antigen recognition and processing, and facilitate comprehensive immune response induction. Herein, we review the designs of effective nanoparticle universal influenza vaccines, the recent discoveries of specific nanoparticle features that contribute to immunogenicity enhancement, and recent progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
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Singh B, Maharjan S, Sindurakar P, Cho KH, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Needle-Free Immunization with Chitosan-Based Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3639. [PMID: 30463211 PMCID: PMC6274840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite successful use, needle-based immunizations have several issues such as the risk of injuries and infections from the reuse of needles and syringes and the low patient compliance due to pain and fear of needles during immunization. In contrast, needle-free immunizations have several advantages including ease of administration, high level of patient compliance and the possibility of mass vaccination. Thus, there is an increasing interest on developing effective needle-free immunizations via cutaneous and mucosal approaches. Here, we discuss several methods of needle-free immunizations and provide insights into promising use of chitosan systems for successful immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Singh
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Princy Sindurakar
- Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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41
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Immunomodulatory properties of chitosan polymers. Biomaterials 2018; 184:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Markushin SG, Akopova II, Blagodatskikh IV, Kulikov SN, Bezrodnykh EA, Muranov AV, Yamskov IA, Tikhonov VE. Effect of Molecular Weight and Degree of Acetylation on Adjuvantive Properties of Chitosan Derivatives. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sáez MI, Vizcaíno AJ, Alarcón FJ, Martínez TF. Feed pellets containing chitosan nanoparticles as plasmid DNA oral delivery system for fish: In vivo assessment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:458-466. [PMID: 29859312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the assessment of preloaded feed pellets as a delivery system for plasmid DNA (pDNA), with the purpose of evaluating the potential administration of DNA vaccines orally in aquacultured fish. Pellets were made up by usual feed ingredients, which were mixed with chitosan nanoparticles entrapping a model plasmid (pCMVβ) expressible in eukaryotic cells before being elaborated. The plasmid is characterized by the insertion of the reporter gene lacZ, encoding for the bacterial enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal). The possible in vivo expression of the exogenous gene was measured in different fish tissues of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles by two different procedures. On the one hand, the activity of the enzyme β-gal was detected and quantified in muscle, liver and intestine; on the other, specific IgM against β-gal antigen was titrated in blood samples. Intramuscular (i.m.) injection of equal amounts of plasmid was also carried out for the purpose of comparison with oral administration. The expression of the reporter gene was detected in fish tissues following both oral and i. m. administration of pDNA up to 60 days. However, organ distribution of the gene expression was more evident after oral (β-gal activity measured in gut, liver and muscle) than after parenteral administration (restricted to adjacent muscle tissues). In agreement, specific IgM titration indicated that humoral immune response was more intense and sustained throughout the experimental period after oral than after i. m. delivery of equal amounts of pDNA. These results suggest that feed pellets containing chitosan nanoparticles might enable efficient oral delivery of pDNA, a fact that might imply valuable applications in terms of on-farm mass immunization purposes, especially with regard to DNA-based vaccines and small size fish, in which i. m. administration remains unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Sáez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - A J Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - F J Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - T F Martínez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Chitosan-based hydrogels: Preparation, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:194-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu B, Zhang W, Chen Y, Xu Y, Wang B, Zong L. Eudragit® L100-coated mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles for oral protein vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:534-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jazaeri EO, Mahdavi A, Abdoli A. Formulation of chitosan with the polyepitope HIV-1 protein candidate vaccine efficiently boosts cellular immune responses in mice. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:4082731. [PMID: 28911033 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) continues to be a major global public health issue and priority. Despite the variety of antiretroviral therapies, it seems that an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is still very necessary. An ideal HIV-1 vaccine should be able to elicit both humoral and cellular immunities. In this respect, polyepitope vaccines, incorporated from several conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, have received much attention recently. Herein, the immunogenicity of the HIV-1 polyepitope protein-based candidate vaccines was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Following the plasmid (pET23a-HIV-1-tat/pol/gag/env) preparation and transformation, the recombinant protein expression was optimized in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) host cells. After the HIV-1-top4 protein purification, chitosan and alum adjuvants were added to the vaccines formulations to reinforce the immunogenicity of the candidate vaccines. Mice were subcutaneously immunized three times at 2-week intervals with the candidate vaccines and the elicitation of both humoral and cellular immune responses were investigated. Taken together, the results showed that chitosan adjuvanted candidate vaccine conferred a stronger immunogenicity and elicited higher cellular responses than other candidate vaccines (P < 0.05). Thereby, it seems that co-utilizing of potent adjuvants with the HIV-1 polyepitope protein vaccines can help to open new avenues for strategies for HIV/AIDS vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ollah Jazaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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Guo J, Sun X, Yin H, Wang T, Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou H, He S, Cong H. Chitosan Microsphere Used as an Effective System to Deliver a Linked Antigenic Peptides Vaccine Protect Mice Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:163. [PMID: 29876322 PMCID: PMC5974094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccines have advantages over traditional Toxoplasma gondii vaccines, but are more susceptible to enzymatic degradation. As an effective delivery system, chitosan microspheres (CS) can overcome this obstacle and act as a natural adjuvant to promote T helper 1 (Th1) cellular immune responses. In this study, we use chitosan microparticles to deliver multiple antigenic epitopes from GRA10 (G10E), containing three dominant epitopes. When G10E was entrapped within chitosan microparticles (G10E-CS), adequate peptides for eliciting immune response were loaded in the microsphere core and this complex released G10E peptides stably. The efficiency of G10E-CS was detected both in vitro, via cell culture, and through in vivo mouse immunization. In vitro, G10E-CS activated Dendritic Cells (DC) and T lymphocytes by upregulating the secretion of costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86). In vivo, Th1 biased cellular and humoral immune responses were activated in mice vaccinated with G10E-CS, accompanied by significantly increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IgG, and decreases in IL-4, IL-10, and IgG1. Immunization with G10E-CS conferred significant protection with prolonged survival in mice model of acute toxoplasmosis and statistically significant decreases in cyst burden in murine chronic toxoplasmosis. The results from this study indicate that chitosan microspheres used as an effective system to deliver a linked antigenic peptides is a promising strategy for the development of efficient vaccine against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiahui Sun
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiquan Yin
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shenyi He
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Human Parasitology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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48
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Abstract
Most pathogens gain access to the human body and initiate systemic infections through mucosal sites. A large number of currently marketed licensed vaccines are parenterally administered; they generate strong systemic immunity but not mucosal immunity. Nasal vaccination is an appealing strategy for the induction of mucosal-specific immunity; however, its development is mostly challenged by several factors, such as inefficient antigen uptake, its rapid mucociliary clearance, size-restricted permeation across epithelial barriers and absence of safe human mucosal adjuvants. Therefore, a safer mucosal-adjuvanting strategy or efficient mucosal delivery platform is much warranted. This review summarizes challenges and the rationale for nasal vaccine development with a special focus on the use of nanoparticles based on polymers and lipids for mucosal vaccine delivery.
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Singh B, Maharjan S, Cho KH, Cui L, Park IK, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Chitosan-based particulate systems for the delivery of mucosal vaccines against infectious diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 110:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Ahsan SM, Thomas M, Reddy KK, Sooraparaju SG, Asthana A, Bhatnagar I. Chitosan as biomaterial in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 110:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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