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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Thu Lan NG, Salin KR, Longyant S, Senapin S, Dong HT. Systemic and mucosal antibody response of freshwater cultured Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) to monovalent and bivalent vaccines against Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:7-13. [PMID: 33217566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer farming in Southeast Asia, encounters serious disease challenges caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae. However, a vaccine for disease prevention is not yet available. In this study, we investigated the mucosal and systemic antibody (IgM) response kinetics of the Asian seabass following primary immunization with oil-based formalin-killed vaccines (FKVs) prepared from S. agalactiae and S. iniae (monovalent Sa, monovalent Si, and bivalent Sa-Si) and secondary booster with the respective water-based FKVs. The efficacy of vaccines was subsequently evaluated by an experimental challenge. The results revealed similar antibody response kinetics in both systemic and mucosal systems. However, the immune response in the fish vaccinated with the monovalent vaccines was superior to those fish received the bivalent vaccine in terms of specific antibody titer. The fish that received monovalent vaccines required 1-2 weeks to raise a significant level of specific antibody titer in both systemic and mucosal systems while those vaccinated with bivalent vaccine required three weeks. Following booster at day 21, both systemic and mucosal antibody titers in all vaccinated groups had reached the peak at day 28 and gradually declined in the following weeks but remained significantly higher than control until the end of the experiment (day 63). In the challenge test, both monovalent and bivalent vaccines were found to be highly efficacious, with the relative percentage survival (RPS) ranging from 75 to 85%. In summary, this study explored the 63-days antibody response kinetics (both mucosal and systemic systems) of Asian seabass to monovalent and bivalent inactivated vaccines and confirmed that the combination of S. agalactiae and S. iniae in a single injectable vaccine is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Giang Thu Lan
- School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Krishna R Salin
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Siwaporn Longyant
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
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Leelahapongsathon K, Kasemsuwan S, Pinyopummintr T, Boodde O, Phawaphutayanchai P, Aiyara N, Bobe K, Vos A, Friedrichs V, Müller T, Freuling CM, Chanachai K. Humoral Immune Response of Thai Dogs after Oral Vaccination against Rabies with the SPBN GASGAS Vaccine Strain. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040573. [PMID: 33019605 PMCID: PMC7711832 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Applied research is crucial in pushing the boundaries and finding a solution to the age-old problem of dog-mediated rabies. Although oral vaccination of dogs is considered to have great potential in mass dog vaccination campaigns and could have far-reaching benefits, it is perhaps the most ignored of all available tools in efforts to eliminate dog-mediated rabies, not least because of limited data on immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of potential oral rabies vaccine candidates. In this study, the long-term immunogenicity in local Thai dogs after oral administration of the highly attenuated 3rd generation rabies virus vaccine strain SPBN GASGAS was assessed. The oral rabies vaccine was administered to dogs by either direct oral administration (n = 10) or by offering a vaccine loaded intestine bait (n = 15). The humoral immune response was then compared to three groups of dogs; a group that received a parenteral delivered inactivated rabies vaccine (n = 10), a group offered a placebo intestine bait (n = 7), and a control group (n = 4) for an observation period of 365 days. There was no significant difference in the immune response of dogs that received oral and parenteral vaccine in terms of magnitude, kinetics, and persistence of both rabies virus (RABV) neutralizing (RFFIT) and binding (ELISA) antibodies. Although the single parenteral injection of an inactivated rabies vaccine mounted a slightly higher humoral immune response than the orally delivered live vaccine, RABV specific antibodies of both types were still detectable after one year in most animals for all treatment groups and resulted in no difference in seropositivity. Characterization of rabies specific antibodies revealed two main classes of antibodies involved in the immune response of dogs vaccinated. While IgM antibodies were the first to appear, the succeeding IgG response was mainly IgG2 dominated independent of the vaccine type used. The results support the view that SPBN GASGAS induces a sustained detectable immune response in local dogs both after direct oral administration and via bait application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kansuda Leelahapongsathon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.L.); (S.K.); (T.P.); (O.B.)
| | - Suwicha Kasemsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.L.); (S.K.); (T.P.); (O.B.)
| | - Tanu Pinyopummintr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.L.); (S.K.); (T.P.); (O.B.)
| | - Orawan Boodde
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.L.); (S.K.); (T.P.); (O.B.)
| | | | - Nirut Aiyara
- Department of Health, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thapthan 61120, Thailand; (P.P.); (N.A.)
| | - Katharina Bobe
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau–Rosslau, Germany; (K.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ad Vos
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau–Rosslau, Germany; (K.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Virginia Friedrichs
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.M.F.); Tel.: +49-383-5171-659 (T.M.); +49-383-5171-660 (C.M.F.)
| | - Conrad M. Freuling
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.M.F.); Tel.: +49-383-5171-659 (T.M.); +49-383-5171-660 (C.M.F.)
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