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Bryś K, Grabarek BO, Król P, Staszkiewicz R, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Król T. The Thermal Influence of an Electromagnetic Field with a Radio Frequency Depending on the Type of Electrode Used. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11378. [PMID: 36141650 PMCID: PMC9517109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diathermy is a method used in physiotherapy based on obtaining an increase in temperature by supplying energy from the electromagnetic field to the tissues. The aim of this retrospective work, based on the data included in a medical documentation, was to assess the dynamics of temperature changes on the body surface after the application of a high-frequency electromagnetic field depending on the type of electrode used. In order to generate a radio frequency electromagnetic field, an INDIBA ACTIV® CT9 was used. In order to measure the temperature, an HT-17 thermovision camera was used, enabling measurements within the range of -20 to 300 °C, with an accuracy of ±2% or 2 °C. The participants consisted of 30 healthy subjects (15 women and 15 men) who were physiotherapy students in the Faculty of Public Health in the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Poland; they were divided into two comparative groups (A and B). It was found that the differences between the groups were not significant in the measurements carried out before using the electrode (p = 0.84; Mann-Whitney U test). On the other hand, at 0, 5 and 15 min, statistically significant differences were noted in the tissue temperature between the groups, depending on the electrode used (p = 0.00; Mann-Whitney U test). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that with the extension of the observation time, the tissue temperature increased (for Group A, Me 30.40 °C vs. 34.90 °C; for Group B, Me 30.70 °C vs. 35.20 °C). Our study confirmed that the use of both a capacitive and resistive electrode during treatment with the use of a high-frequency electromagnetic field statistically significantly increased the surface temperature of the area to which the therapy was applied. The results of the study can be used in clinical practice by physiotherapists to optimize the conditions of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bryś
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Król
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Król
- Department of Kinesitherapy and Special Methods, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Benincá IL, de Estéfani D, Pereira de Avelar NC, Pacheco Dos Santos Haupenthal D, Lock Silveira PC, Haupenthal A. Coplanar arrangement of shortwave diathermy is the most effective in skin temperature change: A randomized crossover trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 26:257-262. [PMID: 33992255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous shortwave diathermy (CSWD) efficacy relies on change in temperature, which had been evaluated previously. However, the studies are not comparable enough, consequently the primary goal of this study was to analyze which SWD capacitive technique arrangement is the most effective in skin temperature change. METHOD A randomized, single-blinded crossover trial conducted in a university research laboratory. Twenty young healthy male subjects were randomly allocated using a website to receive 20 min of CSWD application to the anterior aspect of the thigh through coplanar, contraplanar and longitudinal arrangement. Skin temperature was collected under the proximal electrode and at the thigh center over 25 min after electrodes removal, using an infrared thermography camera. RESULTS There were two losses to follow up, remaining 18 subjects for analysis (age = 21.4 ± 2.09 years, BMI = 23.6 ± 2.46 kg/m2). Under the electrode all arrangements achieved vigorous heating (coplanar = 7.9 ± 1.76 °C; contraplanar = 6.52 ± 2.68 °C; longitudinal = 7.46 ± 1.8 °C) immediately after electrodes removal and temperature decreased with a similar rate across arrangements. At the thigh center, coplanar arrangement achieved mild heating (1-2 °C) until 17 min after electrodes removal; meanwhile, the other arrangements did not increase temperature sufficiently for post intervention therapeutic effects. No unintended effect was detected. CONCLUSIONS Coplanar arrangement increased skin temperature the most, heated the greatest area, and had the slowest temperature decay. If the body part accommodates any of the capacitive technique arrangements, coplanar should be used to treat superficial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaihá Laureano Benincá
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Physical Therapy, Araranguá, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Estéfani
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Physical Therapy, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (Unesc), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Physical Therapy, Araranguá, Brazil
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Bito T, Tashiro Y, Suzuki Y, Kajiwara Y, Zeidan H, Kawagoe M, Sonoda T, Nakayama Y, Yokota Y, Shimoura K, Tatsumi M, Nakai K, Nishida Y, Yoshimi S, Tsuboyama T, Aoyama T. Acute effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer (CRet) on the Achilles tendon. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:48-54. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1567525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Bito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuto Tashiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuu Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hala Zeidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mirei Kawagoe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takuya Sonoda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nakayama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokota
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimoura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masataka Tatsumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Soyoka Yoshimi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tadao Tsuboyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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Sousa NTAD, Guirro ECDO, Calió JG, Queluz MCD, Guirro RRDJ. Application of shortwave diathermy to lower limb increases arterial blood flow velocity and skin temperature in women: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:127-137. [PMID: 28460711 PMCID: PMC5537464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The velocity of popliteal artery flow remained unchanged with MWD and increased with SWD, remaining above baseline even 20 min after application. Despite changes in blood flow velocity, no correlation was found between the temperature variation and arterial blood flow. SWD and MWD both increase skin temperature, but only SWD increased it for over 20 min after the end of application. The temperature was greater in the areas under the MWD and SWD electrodes. The position of the knee interfered with the skin temperature of the hamstring only after 10 min of SWD application.
Background Shortwave diathermy (SWD) and microwave diathermy (MWD) are frequently used by physical therapists to treat musculoskeletal conditions. The therapeutic benefits are usually associated with an increase in tissue temperature; however, there is no consensus on the changes in blood flow. Objectives 1) To evaluate the behavior of temperature and arterial blood flow after the application of SWD and MWD to the lower limb of healthy women aged 18–30 and 2) to assess whether changes in limb positioning can influence SWD response. Method Among the subjects analyzed, 40 women were eligible to participate in the trial and were randomly allocated to the SWD group or the MWD group. Each group received 20 min of diathermy. After receiving the interventions, all patients crossed over to the other group, but the devices were detuned (sham). SWD was applied to the posterior compartment of the thigh and leg, with the knee in 0° and 90° of flexion, and the MWD applied to the posterior thigh. Skin temperature evaluation (digital infrared thermography) and assessment of blood flow velocity (Doppler ultrasound) were performed immediately before and 10 and 20 min after the application. Results Arterial blood flow increased after SWD diathermy (vs. Sham), but not after MWD diathermy. SWD promoted skin heating at the end of therapy in all areas analyzed, remaining above baseline even 20 min after the end of the application. MWD diathermy promoted skin heating in the posterior thigh, reflecting a rise in the temperature of the popliteal fossa area that remained for 10 min after the end of the application. Conclusion The increase in arterial blood flow velocity depends on the size of the heating area, since it was only observed in the application of the SWD. However, after 20 min of application, the position of the lower leg did not affect the heating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Caldeira De Oliveira Guirro
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Calió
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Cristina De Queluz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Roberto De Jesus Guirro
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Faculdade de Medicina da Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Kumamoto T, Seko T, Takahashi Y. Effects of movement from a postural maintenance position on lumbar hemodynamic changes. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1932-5. [PMID: 27390450 PMCID: PMC4932091 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effects of movement from a postural maintenance position on
lumbar hemodynamic changes, in order to prevent lower back pain and develop exercise
therapy. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five healthy adults (mean age: 23.2 years)
participated in the study. During flexion-extension exercise, the subjects moved their
trunks gradually to a flexed position from an upright posture while sitting and standing,
and then returned to and maintained an upright (re-upright) position. In the
extension–flexion exercise, the subjects moved their trunks gradually from an upright
posture to an extended position, and back while maintaining an upright (re-upright)
position. Lumbar spinal muscle activity and hemodynamic changes were evaluated during both
exercises. [Results] During the flexion and extension exercises, increased trunk-flexion
angle caused increased muscle activity, decreased oxygenated hemoglobin in the multifidus
muscle, and increased deoxygenated hemoglobin in the multifidus and lumbar erector spinae
muscles. Moreover, the muscle activities were nearly the same in the re-upright and
upright positions, and total hemoglobin also increased. [Conclusion] In both standing and
sitting positions, holding the trunk in a flexed position causes ischemic hemodynamic
changes in the multifidus muscle; however, the hyperemic response when returning the trunk
to an extended position may improve circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Kumamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Seko
- Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Japan
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Kumaran B, Watson T. Radiofrequency-based treatment in therapy-related clinical practice – a narrative review. Part I: acute conditions. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x15y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Morishita K, Karasuno H, Yokoi Y, Morozumi K, Ogihara H, Ito T, Fujiwara T, Fujimoto T, Abe K. Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on intramuscular blood circulation and oxygen dynamics. JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION = RIGAKU RYOHO 2014; 17:1-7. [PMID: 25792902 PMCID: PMC4316550 DOI: 10.1298/jjpta.vol17_001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on intramuscular local blood circulation (and oxygen dynamics) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). PARTICIPANTS The participants were 11 healthy males. METHODS All participants performed all three trials; (1) the ultrasound (US group), (2) without powered ultrasound (placebo group), and (3) rest (control group). Ultrasound was applied at 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm(2), and 100% duty cycle for 10 minutes. Evaluation index were oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in the intramuscular and skin surface temperature (SST). The experimental protocol was a total of 40 minutes, that is, 10 minutes before trial (rest), 10 minutes during the trial (ultrasound, placebo, and control), and 20 minutes after trial (rest). The NIRS and SST data collected before and after the trial were divided into 5 minutes intervals for further analysis. RESULTS Oxygenated and total hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the US group than in the placebo and control groups for the 20 minutes after ultrasound (p < 0.01). The SST was significantly higher in the US group than in the control for 15 minutes after ultrasound (p < 0.05), while it was significantly lower in the placebo group than in the US and control groups for 20 minutes after the trials (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effects of ultrasound were maintained for 20 minutes after the trial on intramuscular blood circulation and oxygen dynamics. These effects were caused by a combination of thermal and mechanical effects of the ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Morishita
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Yokoi
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Hisayoshi Ogihara
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ito
- Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Koriyama Institute of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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