Tanaka K, Sato K, Yoshida T, Fukuda T, Hanamura K, Kojima N, Shirao T, Yanagawa T, Watanabe H. Evidence for cell density affecting C2C12 myogenesis: possible regulation of myogenesis by cell-cell communication.
Muscle Nerve 2012;
44:968-77. [PMID:
22102468 DOI:
10.1002/mus.22224]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Community effect is a phenomenon caused by cell-cell communication during myogenesis. In myogenic C2C12 cells in vitro, the confluent phase is needed for myogenesis induction.
METHODS
To examine the cell-density effect, growth kinetics and myogenic differentiation were investigated in cells plated at four different cell densities.
RESULTS
We found that expression of a myogenic differentiation marker was high in a density-dependent manner. At high density, where cell-cell contact was obvious, contact inhibition after the proliferation stage was accompanied by microarray findings demonstrating upregulation of negative regulating cell-cycle markers, including CDKI p21 and the muscle differentiation markers MyoD and myogenin. Interestingly, developmentally regulated protein expression (drebrin) protein expression was also upregulated in a density-dependent manner.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that contact inhibition after the proliferation stage may induce growth arrest via cell-cell communication through the expression of CDKI p21 and may be responsible for progressing cell fusion.
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