Effect of expiratory resistive loading in expiratory muscle strength training on orbicularis oris muscle activity

Expiratory Muscle Strength Training for Drooling in Adults with Parkinson's Disease

One of the most debilitating symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease is drooling. Currently, the main treatment that is offered for drooling is botulinum toxin injections to the saliva glands which have a number of side effects and do not treat the causes of drooling, such as impaired swallowing and lip closure. This study explored the effect of an alternative therapy approach for drooling that aimed at improving the swallow, expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). Sixteen participants received EMST over a 6- to 8-week period. Measurements were taken pre- and post-training for drooling (Sialorrhea Clinical Scale for Parkinson's Disease; SCS-PD), swallowing, lip strength and peak cough flow. Measures of drooling, swallowing and peak cough flow were stable over pre-training assessments and improved following training (p < 0.01). The most conservative estimate of the within-group change for SCS-PD was - 2.50 (95% confidence interval -  3.22 to -  1.22). No adverse effects were reported and participants gave high satisfaction ratings for the training. A programme of EMST offers promise as a therapy to reduce drooling for people with Parkinson's disease. Adequately powered randomised controlled trials of EMST are now needed.