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Kondo R, Okada K, Wakasa M, Saito A, Kimoto M, Terui Y. Foot pressure-based analysis of gait while using a smartphone. Gait Posture 2023; 100:196-200. [PMID: 36603325 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of incidents related to walking while using smartphones is rising. However, it is not clear how smartphone usage might affect a gait pattern in terms of the foot pressure, and this may address the mechanism leading to incidents while using smartphones. RESEARCH QUESTION How do the characteristics of walking while using a smartphone affect foot pressure patterns? METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 40 healthy young participants and investigated the walking speed, step length, coefficient of variance of the walking cycle (CV), anteroposterior length of the center of pressure (COP) trajectory (%Long), partial foot pressure ratios (% partial foot pressure [%PFP]), and COP existence time (COPexT) under the following four conditions: normal walking, screen gazing, while using social networking services (SNS), and while using a cognitive application. Parameters were compared among the four conditions using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Further, according to the presence or absence of an incident history (e.g. stumbles, collisions), participants were divided into either the incident or non-incident group. Parameters were compared between the two groups using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Under the SNS and cognitive application conditions, the walking speed, step length, %Long, %PFP, and COPexT in the heel were significantly lower, and the CV and %PFP in the metatarsal region were higher than those under normal walking or screen gazing. %PFP in the heel and metatarsal regions showed a significant group-by-condition interaction; the incident group had lower %PFP in the heel region and higher %PFP in the metatarsal region than the non-incident group. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate a trend of loading more pressure on the forefoot than on the heel. This pattern was markedly evident in individuals with a history of incidents related to the smartphone usage and may be one of the factors causing stumbles and collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kondo
- Nakadori Rehabilitation Hospital, 6-1-58 Nakadori, Akita city, Akita 010-0001, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 44-2 Hasunuma, Hiroomote, Akita city, Akita 010-0825, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wakasa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 44-2 Hasunuma, Hiroomote, Akita city, Akita 010-0825, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 44-2 Hasunuma, Hiroomote, Akita city, Akita 010-0825, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 44-2 Hasunuma, Hiroomote, Akita city, Akita 010-0825, Japan
| | - Yoshino Terui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 44-2 Hasunuma, Hiroomote, Akita city, Akita 010-0825, Japan
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Which Gait Parameters and Walking Patterns Show the Significant Differences Between Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Participants? BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9020059. [PMID: 31027153 PMCID: PMC6627461 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the difference in the gait of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), age-matched controls and young controls during three walking patterns. Experiments were conducted with 24 PD, 24 age-matched controls and 24 young controls, and four gait intervals were measured using inertial measurement units (IMU). Group differences between the mean and variance of the gait parameters (stride interval, stance interval, swing interval and double support interval) for the three groups were calculated and statistical significance was tested. The results showed that the variance in each of the four gait parameters of PD patients was significantly higher compared with the controls, irrespective of the three walking patterns. This study showed that the variance of any of the gait interval parameters obtained using IMU during any of the walking patterns could be used to differentiate between the gait of PD and control people.
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Ko SU, Jerome GJ, Simonsick EM, Studenski S, Hausdorff JM, Ferrucci L. Differential associations between dual-task walking abilities and usual gait patterns in healthy older adults-Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Gait Posture 2018; 63:63-67. [PMID: 29723649 PMCID: PMC6106773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that facing a cognitive challenge while carrying out a motor task interferes with the motor task performance, and in general the ability of handling a dual-task declines progressively with aging. However, the reasons for this decline have not been fully elucidated. Understanding the association between usual-walking gait patterns and dual-task walking performance may provide new insights into the mechanisms that lead to gait deterioration in normal aging and its link to motor and cognitive function. RESEARCH QUESTION Our aim was to assess usual gait parameters in kinematics and kinetics to understand how these parameters are related with a specific task in dual-task walking. METHODS We hypothesized that difficulty in dual-task walking would be associated with gait deteriorations as reflected in range of motion and mechanical work expenditure. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the gait of 383 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (68% of whom successfully completed the dual-task walk, 21% failed the motor task, and 11% failed the cognitive task). RESULTS Compared to successful performers, participants who failed the single motor task had slower gait speed, shorter stride length, higher cadence, and lower range of motion in the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05, for all), while the participants who failed the cognitive task while walking had longer double support time (p = 0.003), and greater knee absorptive mechanical work (p = 0. 001) and lower ankle generative mechanical work (p < 0. 001). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that dual-task walking may be useful for monitoring subtle and diverse gait deteriorations in aging and possibly for designing interventions for maintaining and regaining proper gait patterns in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Uk Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
| | - Gerald J Jerome
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Studenski
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, Mobility, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 64239 Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ramalho F, Santos-Rocha R, Branco M, Moniz-Pereira V, André HI, Veloso AP, Carnide F. Effect of 6-month community-based exercise interventions on gait and functional fitness of an older population: a quasi-experimental study. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:595-606. [PMID: 29670343 PMCID: PMC5896669 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s157224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait ability in older adults has been associated with independent living, increased survival rates, fall prevention, and quality of life. There are inconsistent findings regarding the effects of exercise interventions in the maintenance of gait parameters. Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of a community-based periodized exercise intervention on the improvement of gait parameters and functional fitness in an older adult group compared with a non-periodized program. Methods A quasi-experimental study with follow-up was performed in a periodized exercise group (N=15) and in a non-periodized exercise group (N=13). The primary outcomes were plantar pressure gait parameters, and the secondary outcomes were physical activity, aerobic endurance, lower limb strength, agility, and balance. These variables were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. Results Both programs were tailored to older adults’ functional fitness level and proved to be effective in reducing the age-related decline regarding functional fitness and gait parameters. Gait parameters were sensitive to both the exercise interventions. Conclusion These exercise protocols can be used by exercise professionals in prescribing community exercise programs, as well as by health professionals in promoting active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ramalho
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Rita Santos-Rocha
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Marco Branco
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Vera Moniz-Pereira
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Helô-Isa André
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - António P Veloso
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Filomena Carnide
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics (FMH), University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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Brustio PR, Rabaglietti E, Formica S, Liubicich ME. Dual-task training in older adults: The effect of additional motor tasks on mobility performance. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 75:119-124. [PMID: 29245071 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dual-task (DT) performance is common to most activities of daily living and difficulties in DT activities may reduce quality of life in older adults. This study investigated the effect of DT training in a sample of older adults. METHODS Sixty older adults (mean=74.4±3.1years) participated in the study. Twenty-two older adults were included in the control (CG), 19 in the single-task (ST) training and 19 in DT training group. ST group received balance and walking training twice a week for16 weeks, while DT training group performed the same training with additional motor tasks. Data were gathered on 6m timed walk (6MTW), timed up and go test (TUG) and four square step test (FSST). DT conditions required participants to complete 6MTW, TUG and FSST, either (i) while carrying a glass of water or (ii) while carrying a ball on a round tray. RESULTS A significant Group x Time interaction was found in TUG (F [2,57]=29.5; p<0.01; partial η2=0.51) and in FSST (F [2,57]=23.2; p<0.01; partial η2=0.44). After intervention DT showed better scores in overall TUG (mean difference=1.21s [95% CI, 0.82-1.60]; p<0.05) and FSST (mean difference=2.51s [95% CI, 1.67-3.35]; p<0.01), whereas CG and ST did not exhibit significant changes. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that 16 weeks of motor DT training, using motor additional tasks as manipulation of common objects of everyday life, could improve mobility in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Rabaglietti
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; SUISM, Centro Servizi, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Lee SH, Lee HJ, Chang WH, Choi BO, Lee J, Kim J, Ryu GH, Kim YH. Gait performance and foot pressure distribution during wearable robot-assisted gait in elderly adults. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:123. [PMID: 29183379 PMCID: PMC5706419 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robotic exoskeleton device is an intelligent system designed to improve gait performance and quality of life for the wearer. Robotic technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and several robot-assisted gait devices were developed to enhance gait function and activities of daily living in elderly adults and patients with gait disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gait-enhancing Mechatronic System (GEMS), a new wearable robotic hip-assist device developed by Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd., Korea, on gait performance and foot pressure distribution in elderly adults. METHODS Thirty elderly adults who had no neurological or musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting gait participated in this study. A three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system, surface electromyography and the F-Scan system were used to collect data on spatiotemporal gait parameters, muscle activity and foot pressure distribution under three conditions: free gait without robot assistance (FG), robot-assisted gait with zero torque (RAG-Z) and robot-assisted gait (RAG). RESULTS We found increased gait speed, cadence, stride length and single support time in the RAG condition. Reduced rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle activity throughout the terminal stance phase and reduced effort of the medial gastrocnemius muscle throughout the pre-swing phase were also observed in the RAG condition. In addition, walking with the assistance of GEMS resulted in a significant increase in foot pressure distribution, specifically in maximum force and peak pressure of the total foot, medial masks, anterior masks and posterior masks. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal that GEMS may present an alternative way of restoring age-related changes in gait such as gait instability with muscle weakness, reduced step force and lower foot pressure in elderly adults. In addition, GEMS improved gait performance by improving push-off power and walking speed and reducing muscle activity in the lower extremities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02843828 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Jae Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Jusuk Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Gyeonggi-do, Suwon-si, 16678 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu Gyeonggi-do, Suwon-si, 16678 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ha Ryu
- Office of Biomechanical science, Research Center for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an bilaterally asymmetric gymnastics-based exercise programme on older people participating in a care home and day centre setting.
Design/methodology/approach
The research design comprised a small-scale pilot in two care homes and one day care centre in Cambridgeshire, England. The research was a qualitative evaluation that included observing sessions delivered; interviews with older people participating, their spouses, family members and friends; interviews with staff; and a review of the diary of each session written by the person delivering the exercise programme.
Findings
Older people participating in the programme showed a demonstrable improvement with aspects of their physical, emotional and cognitive ability. Older people with mild to advanced forms of dementia appeared to benefit most. The sessions were enjoyable and a real bond developed between the older people.
Research limitations/implications
Future research will benefit from understanding whether the observed improvements are reflected in objective measures. The inclusion of a comparison group will be important to further add to the belief that the observed changes are caused by the programme. The inclusion of a large sample size covering different geographic areas will be needed to test more widely the viability of this programme.
Originality/value
This research is the first to investigate the impact of an asymmetric gymnastics-based exercise programme on older people, with varying levels of dementia, in a care home and day centre setting.
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Pérez-Ros P, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cuquerella Piera C, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ. Alteraciones en los pies en ancianos frágiles comunitarios con patología cardíaca. Factores de riesgo. Aten Primaria 2016; 48:613-614. [PMID: 27206344 PMCID: PMC6877814 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Kim SG, Goo M, Park JH. Comparison of the effectiveness of balance training using a reaching task between a sitting position and a standing position in the elderly. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2337-9. [PMID: 26311977 PMCID: PMC4540875 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of balance training using a reaching task between a sitting position and a standing position in the elderly. [Subjects and Methods] The study included 30 elderly women from D city. The subjects were divided into the following two groups, according to the training position: the sitting group (n = 15) and standing group (n = 15). Both groups performed training for 20 min, thrice a week for 8 weeks. The short form of the berg balance scale (SFBBS), timed 10-m walk test (10MWT), timed up & go test (TUG), and falls efficacy scale (FES) were used before and after training. [Results] SFBBS, 10MWT, and TUG values were significantly different between before and after training in both groups. However, FES values were significantly different in only the standing group. [Conclusion] Balance training in a standing position is helpful for improving activities that mainly use the lower extremities, such as gait, and training in a sitting position is somewhat helpful for improving balance ability. In addition, balance training in both positions can help overcome the fear of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gil Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Uiduk University, Republic
of Korea
| | - Miran Goo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation
Science, Daegu University, Republic of
Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation
Science, Daegu University, Republic of
Korea
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