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Badin L, Bailly N, Pennequin V. Implementation of equine-assisted intervention for older adults with Alzheimer's disease residing in a nursing home: Brakes and levers. Int J Older People Nurs 2024; 19:e12587. [PMID: 37983644 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although research on equine-assisted intervention (EAI) for older adults is beginning to be published, no scientific study has examined the various elements that can limit or facilitate the implementation of EAI with older adults suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) residing in nursing homes. The aim of this study was to identify the possible brakes and levers of implementing EAI with AD patients. A focus on professional affiliation was conducted. METHOD The survey was posted online on 2 February 2021 via the Sphinx software. As this study was aimed at gerontology professionals working in nursing homes, they were contacted through various specialized social networks. A total of 663 people answered the survey. RESULTS The results indicate that for 45% of the participants, the main brake to implementing EAI is related to the institutional burden. As for the levers, 29% of the people indicated that it would mainly be beneficial due to the cognitive stimulation that EAI would provide. People who were not familiar with EAI reported more brakes to its implementation. Finally, it was observed that the caregivers were those who put forward the most levers for the implementation of EAI with AD patients living in nursing homes. CONCLUSION Thus, this study allows us to understand some of the reasons why nursing homes are reluctant to set up EAI. Communication on this subject is currently a lever to be developed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE By highlighting the brakes and levers on the implementation of EAIs, we are able to identify suitable guidelines for developing this type of intervention in nursing homes, which could be used as a complement to nursing care to help Alzheimer's patients overcome physical or psychological health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Badin
- Psychology, EA2114, PAVEA Laboratory, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Bailly
- Psychology, EA2114, PAVEA Laboratory, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Pennequin
- Psychology, EA2114, PAVEA Laboratory, University of Tours, Tours, France
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2
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Rigby BR. Characterizing stress during animal interaction: a focus on the human endocrine response during equine-assisted services. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1303354. [PMID: 38188717 PMCID: PMC10766751 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1303354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated stresses applied to the rider may contribute to the documented physical and psychosocial outcomes from equine-assisted services. In this brief review, a summary of neuroendocrine markers of stress, including immunoglobulin A, serotonin, cortisol, progesterone, and oxytocin, is presented within the context of the physiology of stress modulation. Results are mixed with regard to the effects of these hormones on rider physiology before, during, and after equine-assisted services. However, some results from existing studies are promising with regard to the attenuation of stress. Future research should include a cross-disciplinary approach when conducting well-controlled studies with proper treatment and experimental fidelity, while also considering exogenous and endogenous factors that influence rider physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Rigby
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
- Institute for Women's Health, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
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Kocyigit BF, Adilbekov E, Zharmenov S, Akyol A, Yessirkepov M. Evaluating the efficacy of hippotherapy: a promising intervention in rheumatology, pain medicine, and geriatrics. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:2185-2191. [PMID: 37700080 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Using animals for medical care has a long history. Animals have long been recognized for their ability to improve human health and well-being throughout nations and civilizations. Animal-assisted therapy is a concept that incorporates intentional and regulated interactions between individuals and animals to achieve therapeutic aims. Hippotherapy is an animal-assisted therapy consisting of medical procedures and practices that use horses to restore and enhance physical and mental health. The effectiveness of hippotherapy is evidenced by its ability to have a favorable influence on various domains, encompassing physical, psychosocial, and educational aspects. This multifaceted method entails the active involvement of the sensory, musculoskeletal, vestibular, and visual systems. Hippotherapy is an unconventional modality, leveraging horses' cyclic and repetitive motions to activate the postural reflex structures of individuals. Various studies have mostly focused on determining the efficacy of hippotherapy in the context of neurological conditions, neuro-rehabilitation, and psychiatric disorders. The primary objective of this study was to present the effectiveness of hippotherapy in the fields of rheumatology, pain medicine, and geriatrics. In addition, we provided a summary of the potential underlying mechanisms of hippotherapy. Finally, we conducted a comparison of hippotherapy and horse riding simulator interventions to provide their respective strengths and restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | - Samat Zharmenov
- Department of Surgical Diseases, Kazakhstan Medical University "KSPH", Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Aura Med Clinic, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmet Akyol
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Application and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Marlen Yessirkepov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
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Taherzadeh S, Rasoulian B, Khaleghi M, Rashidipour M, Mogharnasi M, Kaeidi A. Anti-obesity effects of aerobic exercise along with Rosa canina seed extract supplementation in rats: The role of irisin and adipolin. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00038-8. [PMID: 37169705 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise and some bioactive compounds in medicinal plants have anti-obesity effects and can suppress body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effects of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) and supplementation of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa canina fruit seed (RC) in obese male rats. In this experimental study, 24 high-fat diet (HFD) obese male Wistar rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 rat in group), including 1. HFD (the control group), 2. HFD + AE, 3. HFD + RC and 4. HFD + AE + RC. An obesity protocol was implemented for 12 weeks with the consumption of HFD along with the consumption of water containing 1 % fructose. Afterwards, the animals were given access only to HFD food until the end of the study in all the groups. After the obesity protocol, 6 weeks of exercise (50-70 % VO2 max) and access to the extract (1 % of the consumed food) were given. Bodyweight, subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, and some serum lipid profiles were measured in the experimental groups. The serum levels of irisin and adipolin were evaluated by the ELISA method. Expression of FNDC5 and CTRP12 in adipose tissue were determined by real-time PCR. The findings of this study showed that body weight (P = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (P = 0.001), and lipid profile were significantly reduced in HFD + AE and HFD + AE + RC groups compared with the HFD group. Irisin was significantly increased in the HFD + AE and HFD + AE + RC groups compared with the HFD group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001; respectively) and in the HFD + AE + RC group compared with the HFD + RC group (P = 0.004). Moreover, adipolin, expression of FNDC5 and CTRP12 were significantly increased in the HFD + AE + RC group compared with the HFD group (P = 0.004, P = 0.023, and P = 0.001; respectively). Altogether, HFD + AE with HFD + RC diet supplementation could reduce weight and the risks of obesity, at least, through the up-regulation of irisin and adipolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Taherzadeh
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mina Khaleghi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashidipour
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehdi Mogharnasi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Kaya Y, Saka S, Tuncer D. Effect of hippotherapy on balance, functional mobility, and functional independence in children with Down syndrome: randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04959-5. [PMID: 37186034 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Impaired muscle strength, proprioceptive and vestibular deficits, and orthopedic dysfunction are common disorders associated with Down syndrome (DS). Hippotherapy uses the horses' multidimensional movement to improve posture, balance, and overall function, both motor and sensory. Research evidence supports hippotherapy as an effective, medically recognized intervention for the rehabilitation of gross motor skills. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hippotherapy on balance, functional mobility, and functional independence in children with DS. Thirty-four children with DS were randomly assigned to the experimental (hippotherapy) and control groups after the initial assessment. Both groups received physiotherapy including balance exercises, and the experimental group also received hippotherapy as an integrative therapy. Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) were used before and after the intervention. Baseline outcome measures (PBS, TUG, WeeFIM) were statistically similar between groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, PBS and TUG scores improved in both groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, WeeFIM scores improved just in the hippotherapy group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, providing hippotherapy as an integrative therapy to physiotherapy will be more effective in improving the functional independence of children with DS. Trial registration: NCT05297149 (March 2022, retrospectively registered). What is Known: • Hippotherapy has an improvement effect on balance and functional independence in different diseases and age groups, but the evidence is limited in DS. • There is limited evidence about the effect of hippotherapy on functional mobility in different diseases and age groups, but there is no evidence in DS. What is New: • Hippotherapy is a safe and effective approach to support improvement in functional independence in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Kaya
- Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Department, Institute for Graduate Studies, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Saka
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Tuncer
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Badin L, Alibran E, Pothier K, Bailly N. Effects of equine-assisted interventions on older adults’ health: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Sci 2022; 9:542-552. [PMID: 36285074 PMCID: PMC9587396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Physical Activity and Sleep Improvements in a Group of Equestrian Therapy Volunteers: A Pilot Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5364491. [PMID: 35399627 PMCID: PMC8986376 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5364491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess whether participation as a supportive volunteer in equestrian therapy (ET) sessions influences participants' physiological health-related parameters, including physical activity and sleep. Physical activity, measured in steps, and hours of sleep were measured in 10 subjects who participated regularly as volunteers in ET sessions using a triaxial accelerometer which continuously recorded their activity for 30 days. On the one hand, the subjects showed higher physical activity levels on days when they volunteered in ET sessions versus the days they did not. A significant difference and large effect magnitude were found. On the other hand, on the days they attended ET, they slept an average of 30 minutes more, with significant differences and a moderate effect. Thus, participation as a volunteer in ET sessions seems to have a positive influence on physical activity and sleep time, so it should be recommended as an activity to promote healthy habits.
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Macauley BL. Speech-Language Pathology Incorporating Horses. Semin Speech Lang 2022; 43:35-53. [PMID: 35135021 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating horses into speech-language pathology services is a valid treatment strategy that can be used to help the client achieve their communication and/or swallowing goals. The purpose of this article is to discuss the history and terminology of incorporating horses into rehabilitation, explain theories for why incorporating horses works, and provide clinical applications to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's nine areas of practice with clinical reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Macauley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Park S, Park S, Yoo J, Jee YS. Effects of equine riding on static and dynamic mechanical contraction of the thighs and trunk muscles in inactive women. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:521-535. [PMID: 33523037 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether equine riding affects static or dynamic mechanical contractions on the thighs and trunk muscles in inactive women. METHODS Participants consisted of 30 women with a mean (SD) age of 21.06 (0.44) years. They were randomly allotted as follows: equine group (EQG, n= 15) and control group (CON, n= 15). Two types of muscle contraction properties in their thighs and trunk were measured through a tensiomyography (static muscle tester) and an isokinetic device (dynamic muscle tester), respectively. Using the body weights of EQG and CON as covariates, a 2-way between-groups multivariate analysis of covariance was used to investigate group differences in the mechanical quantification of the thighs and trunk. RESULTS The effectiveness of 8 weeks of equine riding was hardly observed in a static muscle test, whereas in the dynamic muscle test, the dominant and non-dominant hip extensor/flexor, the dominant hip abductor/adductor, and trunk extensor in the EQG showed a significant increase, compared to no changes in the CON. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find any particular differences in a static muscle test in inactive women, but showed improvements in the dynamic mechanical properties of the thighs and trunk, which are major muscle groups related to spinal alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihwa Park
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Yoo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
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García-Gómez A, Guerrero-Barona E, García-Peña I, Rodríguez-Jiménez M, Moreno-Manso JM. Equine-assisted therapeutic activities and their influence on the heart rate variability: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 39:101167. [PMID: 32379693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of equine-assisted therapeutic interventions on users' heart rate variability, using this said variability as an objective biological variable related to stress levels. METHOD A systematic review has been carried out using the methodology suggested in the PRISMA declaration following systematic searches in academic databases. RESULTS 432 registers were initially identified; however, in the screening and suitability process, nine papers were included in the review. With one exception, all of them reported that equine-assisted therapeutic activities had a favourable effect on users' heart rate variability as such activities favour a state of relaxation by activating the Parasympathetic Nervous System. The analysis of the quality of the evidence and the confirmation of the bias in the works indicate that these results must be considered with caution. DISCUSSION Although these preliminary results are promising, more rigorous clinical trials are necessary to overcome the methodological limitations of the works.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inés García-Peña
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, Spain
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The effect of eurhythmy therapy on self-determination, health complaints and psychological symptoms: A non-randomised trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102347. [PMID: 32147084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study healthcare quality improvement through Eurhythmy Therapy (EYT) relative to treatment as usual without EYT. DESIGN Pre/post-follow-up analysis with a comparison group. SETTING Patients of 13 eurhythmy therapists and people with similar physical or psychological health complaints. Respondents' mean age was 60 years (SD = 13.83). INTERVENTION EYT-sessions for the complaint versus treatment as usual. OUTCOME MEASURES Self-determination (BPNSFS); health complaint (1 item); sleeping problems (SCL-90); psychological symptoms and work/study dysfunction (SQ-48) at pre-measure (t0), post-measure (t1) and one-month follow-up (t2). RESULTS A small positive effect of EYT on self-determination (eta2 = .08) and a medium negative effect of EYT on health complaints at t1 and t2 (η2p = .24 and .22). The effect of EYT was n.s. on sleeping problems, n.s. on psychological symptoms and medium negative n.s. on work/study dysfunction, the last within a small sample size (n < 30; eta2 = .13). CONCLUSIONS EYT-participants (n = 38) improved more on self-determination, health complaints and probably also on work/study dysfunction than the comparison group (n = 42), but not on sleeping problems and psychological symptoms. Results should be treated with caution, because the comparison group is not comparable to the EYT-group in the motivation to engage in EYT and the sample size was small.
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An equine-assisted therapy intervention to improve pain, range of motion, and quality of life in adults and older adults with arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Nurs Res 2019; 49:5-12. [PMID: 31495419 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH AIM To compare equine-assisted therapy to exercise education on pain, range of motion, and quality of life in adults and older adults with arthritis. BACKGROUND Quality of life for adults and older adults is negatively impacted by arthritis pain, stiffness, and decreased function. Equine-assisted therapy provides unique movements to the rider's joints and muscles improving pain, range of motion, and quality of life and has improved outcomes in balance, gait, strength, functional mobility, and spasticity for older adults, stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis patients. No research has investigated the effects on adults and older adults with arthritis. METHODS Twenty adults and older adults with arthritis recruited from rheumatology clinics participated in a randomized controlled trial for six weeks. Participants and research assistants were blinded to assignment. Standardized valid and reliable instruments were used to measure pain, range of motion, and quality of life targeting back, knees, shoulders, and hips. RESULTS Mean age was 63.85 (SD 6.885, 53-75) years. Pain significantly improved in shoulders (p = 0.007), hips (p = 0.027), and back (p = 0.006), not knees (p = 0.061). Range of motion improved for back (p = 0.02), hips (p = 0.04), shoulders (p = 0.005) and not knees. Quality of life improved for upper limb (p = 0.002), lower limb (p = 0.021), and affect (p = 0.030), not social interaction and symptoms. CONCLUSION This randomized controlled trial provides evidence that equine-assisted therapy decreases pain, and improves range of motion, and quality of life for adults and older adults with arthritis. Further fully powered research with cost/benefit outcomes would be beneficial.
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Hilliere C, Collado‐Mateo D, Villafaina S, Duque‐Fonseca P, Parraça JA. (Horseback) Riding into the Sunset. Re: “Benefits of Hippotherapy and Horse Riding Simulation Exercise on Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review”—Reply. PM R 2019; 11:327-328. [DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Hilliere
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde Escola de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade de Évora Évora Portugal
| | | | - Santos Villafaina
- Faculty of Sport Science (Cáceres)University of Extremadura Caceres Spain
| | - Paulo Duque‐Fonseca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde Escola de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade de Évora Évora Portugal
| | - José A. Parraça
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde Escola de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade de Évora Évora Portugal
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Ferriero G, Salgovic L, Solaro C. (Horseback) Riding into the Sunset. Re: "Benefits of Hippotherapy and Horse Riding Simulation Exercise on Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review". PM R 2019; 11:325-326. [PMID: 30653852 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ferriero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Pavia, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Lissone (MB), Lissone, Italy
| | - Ludovit Salgovic
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Medical Rehabilitation, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Claudio Solaro
- Rehabilitation Unit, "Mons. L. Novarese" Hospital, Moncrivello, Italy
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Benefits of Hippotherapy and Horse Riding Simulation Exercise on Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. PM R 2018; 10:1062-1072. [PMID: 29626616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an up-to-date research analysis on equine-assisted therapies and horse riding simulation exercise in older adults, and to suggest future directions in clinical practice and research. TYPE: Systematic review. LITERATURE SURVEY A comprehensive search of studies was performed in 4 electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, PEDro, and Web of Science) regarding the effects of equine-assisted therapies and horse riding simulation exercise in older adults. Eight articles were selected, 5 of them focused on hippotherapy, 2 on horse riding simulation, and a single article that used the 2 types of therapy. METHODOLOGY PRISMA guidelines were followed for the data extraction process. SYNTHESIS The studies were all randomized controlled trials, but not double-blind, so they were classified as level of evidence B. Duration of hippotherapy programs ranged from 8-12 weeks. Sessions lasted between 15 and 60 minutes and were performed 2-5 times per week. Interventions using a horse simulator spanned 8 weeks and were conducted for 20 minutes 5 times per week. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that hippotherapy might improve balance, mobility, gait ability, and muscle strength, as well as could induce hormonal and cerebral activity changes in healthy older adults. Benefits of horse riding simulation could be limited to physical fitness and muscular activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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White-Lewis S, Russell C, Johnson R, Cheng AL, McClain N. Equine-assisted therapy intervention studies targeting physical symptoms in adults: A systematic review. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 38:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cho SH. Effects of horseback riding exercise on the relative alpha power spectrum in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:141-147. [PMID: 28135668 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the effects of horseback riding and mechanical horseback riding exercise on the relative α-power spectrum in the elderly. A total of 31 healthy elderly were randomly divided into horseback riding (n=15) and mechanical horseback riding exercise groups (n=16). The horseback riding exercise program was conducted for 25min twice a week for 12 weeks. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to identify the changes in measured variables before the exercise program, and after 6 and 12 weeks of the program. The horseback riding exercise group showed an increase in relative fast alpha power in the background electroencephalogram, and the mechanical horseback riding exercise group showed an increase in relative slow alpha power. Both horseback riding and mechanical horseback riding exercises activated the EEG in all domains, thus increasing concentration and restfulness. The results suggested that horseback riding and mechanical horseback riding exercise may have a positive effect on psychological stability in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyoun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, 23, Cheomdanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju City, 62271, Republic of Korea.
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Lim JH, Cho WS, Lee SJ, Park CB, Park JS. Effects of mechanical horseback riding velocity on spinal alignment in young adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1836-9. [PMID: 27390428 PMCID: PMC4932069 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to determine if the velocity of mechanical horseback-riding
training can improve spinal alignment in young adults. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-six
subjects were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into high-,
moderate-, and low-velocity mechanical horseback-riding training groups. All participants
completed one 20-minute session per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. The evaluation was
performed before and 6 weeks after the training intervention. The spinal alignment was
measured by a Formetric III device. The measurement items were kyphotic angle, lordotic
angle, trunk inclination, pelvic torsion, pelvic rotation, and lateral deviation. The data
were analyzed using analysis of covariance to determine the statistical significance.
[Results] The kyphotic angle and trunk inclination were significantly different among the
groups. The kyphotic angles of the high- and moderate-velocity groups were significantly
lower than that of the low-velocity group after the intervention. The trunk inclination of
the high-velocity group was significantly lower than that of the low-velocity group after
intervention. [Conclusion] Higher-velocity mechanical horseback-riding training is more
effective than lower-velocity mechanical horseback-riding training for improving spinal
alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seonam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Su Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Management, Songwon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Bok Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Dongshin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Sung Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seonam University, Republic of Korea
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