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Pamart N, Drigny J, Azambourg H, Remilly M, Macquart M, Lefèvre A, Lahjaily K, Parienti JJ, Rocamora A, Guermont H, Desvergée A, Ollitrault P, Tournoux F, Saloux E, Normand H, Reboursière E, Gauthier A, Hodzic A. Effects of a 20-Week High-Intensity Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Gain and Cardiac Adaptation in Untrained Men: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47876. [PMID: 37874630 PMCID: PMC10630871 DOI: 10.2196/47876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As strength sports gain popularity, there is a growing need to explore the impact of sustained strength training on cardiac biventricular structure and function, an area that has received less attention compared to the well-established physiological cardiac adaptation to endurance training. OBJECTIVE This study aims to implement a 20-week high-intensity strength training program to enhance maximal muscle strength and evaluate its impact on cardiac biventricular adaptation in healthy, untrained men. METHODS A total of 27 healthy and untrained young men (mean age 22.8, SD 3.2 years) participated in a strength training program designed to increase muscle strength. The training program involved concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercise phases, conducted over a consecutive 20-week time frame with a frequency of 3 weekly training sessions. Participants were evaluated before and after 12 and 20 weeks of training through body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance), a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, 3D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle isokinetic dynamometry. The progression of strength training loads was guided by 1-repetition maximum (RM) testing during the training program. RESULTS Of the initial cohort, 22 participants completed the study protocol. No injuries were reported. The BMI (mean 69.8, SD 10.8 kg/m² vs mean 72, SD 11 kg/m²; P=.72) and the fat mass (mean 15.3%, SD 7.5% vs mean 16.5%, SD 7%; P=.87) remained unchanged after training. The strength training program led to significant gains in 1-RM exercise testing as early as 4 weeks into training for leg extension (mean 69.6, SD 17.7 kg vs mean 96.5, SD 31 kg; P<.001), leg curl (mean 43.2, SD 9.7 kg vs mean 52.8, SD 13.4 kg; P<.001), inclined press (mean 174.1, SD 41.1 kg vs mean 229.2, SD 50.4 kg; P<.001), butterfly (mean 26.3, SD 6.2 kg vs mean 32.5, SD 6.6 kg; P<.001), and curl biceps on desk (mean 22.9, SD 5.2 kg vs mean 29.6, SD 5.2 kg; P<.001). After 20 weeks, the 1-RM leg curl, bench press, pullover, butterfly, leg extension, curl biceps on desk, and inclined press showed significant mean percentage gains of +40%, +41.1%, +50.3%, +63.5%, +80.1%, +105%, and +106%, respectively (P<.001). Additionally, the isokinetic evaluation confirmed increases in maximal strength for the biceps (+9.2 Nm), triceps (+11.6 Nm), quadriceps (+46.8 Nm), and hamstrings (+25.3 Nm). In this paper, only the training and muscular aspects are presented; the cardiac analysis will be addressed separately. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a short-term high-intensity strength training program was successful in achieving significant gains in muscle strength among previously untrained young men. We intend to use this protocol to gain a better understanding of the impact of high-intensity strength training on cardiac physiological remodeling, thereby providing new insights into the cardiac global response in strength athletes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187170; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04187170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pamart
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Hélène Azambourg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Marion Remilly
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Kamal Lahjaily
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jean Jacques Parienti
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Amélia Rocamora
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Henri Guermont
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Desvergée
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Ollitrault
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Francois Tournoux
- Research Center of the Montreal University Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Saloux
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Hervé Normand
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Reboursière
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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El-Ashker S, Chaabene H, Prieske O. Maximal isokinetic elbow and knee flexor-extensor strength measures in combat sports athletes: the role of movement velocity and limb side. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:40. [PMID: 35296340 PMCID: PMC8925177 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Maximal isokinetic strength ratios of joint flexors and extensors are important parameters to indicate the level of muscular balance at the joint. Further, in combat sports athletes, upper and lower limb muscle strength is affected by the type of sport. Thus, this study aimed to examine the differences in maximal isokinetic strength of the flexors and extensors and the corresponding flexor–extensor strength ratios of the elbows and knees in combat sports athletes. Method Forty male participants (age = 22.3 ± 2.5 years) from four different combat sports (amateur boxing, taekwondo, karate, and judo; n = 10 per sport) were tested for eccentric peak torque of the elbow/knee flexors (EF/KF) and concentric peak torque of the elbow/knee extensors (EE/KE) at three different angular velocities (60, 120, and 180°/s) on the dominant and non-dominant side using an isokinetic device. Results Analyses revealed significant, large-sized group × velocity × limb interactions for EF, EE, and EF–EE ratio, KF, KE, and KF–KE ratio (p ≤ 0.03; 0.91 ≤ d ≤ 1.75). Post-hoc analyses indicated that amateur boxers displayed the largest EE strength values on the non-dominant side at ≤ 120°/s and the dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.03; 1.21 ≤ d ≤ 1.59). The largest EF–EE strength ratios were observed on amateur boxers’ and judokas’ non-dominant side at ≥ 120°/s (p < 0.04; 1.36 ≤ d ≤ 2.44). Further, we found lower KF–KE strength measures in karate (p < 0.04; 1.12 ≤ d ≤ 6.22) and judo athletes (p ≤ 0.03; 1.60 ≤ d ≤ 5.31) particularly on the non-dominant side. Conclusions The present findings indicated combat sport-specific differences in maximal isokinetic strength measures of EF, EE, KF, and KE particularly in favor of amateur boxers on the non-dominant side. Trial registration: This study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El-Ashker
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. .,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, 8189, Jendouba, Tunisia.
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Kim HD, Cruz AB. Psychological Influence of Self-Management on Exercise Self-Confidence, Satisfaction, and Commitment of Martial Arts Practitioners in Korea: A Meta-Analytic Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:691974. [PMID: 34135839 PMCID: PMC8200399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to meta-analyze the relationship between self-management and exercise self-confidence, satisfaction, and commitment in both modern and traditional martial arts among Korean practitioners. We examined the level of sports participation and different martial arts sports as potential moderating variables. In total, 22 studies yielded 299 individual effect sizes and were included in the final meta-analytic pool. The analyses revealed a moderate effect of self-management on exercise satisfaction and self-confidence; and a large effect self-management on exercise commitment. Especially, the effect of the training dimension of self-management was large on exercise commitment and satisfaction, while that of the mental dimension was large on exercise self-confidence. The effects of self-management on exercise satisfaction, commitment, and self-confidence were large in judo, Ssireum, and wrestling, respectively. Finally, the use of self-management was relatively more effective for non-elite participants than for elite practitioners. Our results highlight the effectiveness of self-management to enhance Korean martial arts practitioners' exercise self-confidence, commitment, and satisfaction, findings that may potentially be extended internationally and to other types of sports; further, they showcase the importance of the promotion of interventions and educational programs on how to incorporate/employ self-management in athletes' sports training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Sport Marketing, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Bae YH, Yu JH, Lee SM. Comparison of basic physical fitness, aerobic capacity, and isokinetic strength between national and international level high school freestyle swimmers. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:891-5. [PMID: 27134379 PMCID: PMC4842460 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to compare basic physical fitness, aerobic capacity, and isokinetic strength between international and national level freestyle high school student swimmers. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 28 participants (14 international level swimmers and 14 national level freestyle high school student swimmers) with no known pathology were included. We used a cross-sectional study to examine three variables: basic physical fitness, aerobic capacity, and isokinetic strength. [Results] The mean values of these variables in the international level swimmers were higher than those in the national level swimmers. Swimmers are generally physically fit with a good competition record. [Conclusion] An appropriate training program, which considers specific individual characteristics is likely to have a positive impact on the improvement of total physical fitness, and subsequently, on the performance of the freestyle high school swimmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Samsung Medical Center, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy (DPT program), Angelo State University, USA
| | - Jae-Ho Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sunmoon University, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University: 26-21 Gongneung 2 -dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Shin YS, Yang SM, Kim MY, Lee LK, Park BS, Lee WD, Noh JW, Kim JH, Lee JU, Kwak TY, Lee TH, Kim JY, Park J, Kim J. Analysis of the respirogram phase of Korean wrestling athletes compared with nonathletes for sports physiotherapy research. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:392-8. [PMID: 27064260 PMCID: PMC4792979 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Respiratory function is important for patients including athletes who require
physical therapy for respiratory dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to
analyze the differences in the respirograms between Korean wrestling athletes and
nonathletes according to phase for the study of sports physiotherapy. [Subjects and
Methods] Respiratory function was measured using spirometry in both the athletes and
nonathletes while they were in a sitting position. [Results] Spirometry parameters in the
athletes were significantly higher than in the nonathletes. In respirogram phasic
analysis, the expiratory area and total area of forced vital capacity were significantly
increased in the athletes compared with the nonathletes. The slopes of the forced vital
capacity for athletes at slopes 1, 2, and 3 of the A area were significantly increased. In
correlative analysis, chest circumference was significantly correlated with slope 3 of the
A area of the forced vital capacity. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the differences
in changes in the phases of the respirogram between the Korean wrestling athletes and
nonathletes may in part contribute to our understanding of respiratory function in sports
physiotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sub Shin
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Lim-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea; Commercializations Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Sun Park
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Deok Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Noh
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Welfare, Wonkwang Health Science University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Honam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Yong Kwak
- Department of Taekwondo Instructor Education, College of Martial Arts, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yong In University, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Departments of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yong In University: Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
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