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Aafreen A, Khan AR, Khan A, Ahmad A, Shaphe MA, Alshehri MM, Alajam RA, Hakamy A, Alqahtani AS, Ali T, Aldhahi MI. Prevalence of Forward head posture among car and bike drivers and its relation with neck and cardiopulmonary health parameters- a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307016. [PMID: 39116115 PMCID: PMC11309429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of Forward Head Posture (FHP) in car and bike drivers, and its potential correlation with neck and cardiopulmonary parameters. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 400 participants from urban and suburban areas around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, including 200 car drivers and 200 bike drivers aged 18-65 years with a minimum five-year driving history. Neck health was assessed using measurements such as cervical range of motion and Neck Disability Index (NDI), cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated through resting heart rate, blood pressure, and pulmonary function tests using the spirometry test, and FHP was assessed using Surgimap application. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26.0) and included descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for binary data, and correlation analyses. RESULTS The result show that difference in the mean FHP between car and bike drivers was statistically significant (p = 0.0001), indicating a higher prevalence of FHP among car drivers than among bike drivers. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between FHP and neck health metrics, especially cervical flexion (r = 0.71, p<0.05), (r = 0.78, p<0.05) and left-side rotation (r = 0.56, p<0.05), (r = 0.61, p<0.05) in car and bike drivers. Among the cardiopulmonary parameters, significant correlations with FHP were observed in resting heart rate (r = 0.33, p<0.05), (r = 0.42, p<0.05), spirometry results FVC (r = 0.29, p<0.05), FEV1 (r = 0.22, p<0.05), and FVC (r = 0.31, p<0.05) for car and bike drivers. CONCLUSION We observed a higher incidence of FHP in car drivers, indicating that a prolonged static posture may lead to greater postural deviation than dynamic movement during biking. This association suggests that FHP could have wide-reaching implications for systemic health, beyond musculoskeletal issues. These findings have the potential to influence preventative strategies and interventions aimed at improving the overall health outcomes for drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafreen Aafreen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashfaque Khan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Abu Shaphe
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi Abdu Alajam
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Respiratory Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah S. Alqahtani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taimul Ali
- Peerless Hospitex Hospital & Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Monira I. Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Upmanyu A, Kumar A, Kalia V. Influence of sitting time on pulmonary function in computerusing office workers. Phys Act Nutr 2024; 28:20-23. [PMID: 38719462 PMCID: PMC11079380 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify the changes in pulmonary function after prolonged sitting. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) allow physicians to assess the respiratory capability of patients under numerous clinical circumstances and when there are risk factors for lung sickness, occupational exposure, and pulmonary toxicity. PFTs are routinely performed in the standing or high sitting position because of the devices and patient comfort. METHODS A total of 180 asymptomatic office workers were recruited as eligibility criteria and divided into three groups according to their daily sitting duration (group 1:2-4 h, group 2:4-6 h, and group 3: > 6 h). PFTs were performed twice consecutively to determine the mean of the readings. A Helios 401 spirometer was used to quantify lung function. The parameters were "forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)", "forced vital capacity (FVC)", "peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)", and the "ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC)". RESULTS Our results suggest that noteworthy changes were present in the lung function of all the participants. For individuals with > 6 h of sitting; FVC, FEV1, and PEFR were higher compared to those of the participants with 2-4 h and 4-6 h of sitting. The FEV1/FVC ratio was also reduced in individuals with prolonged hours of sitting. CONCLUSION Body position impacts the result of PFTs; however, that as it may, the ideal position and extent of advantage changed between the review populaces. These results suggested that noteworthy changes occur in the lung function of healthy individuals exposed to sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upmanyu
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Kalia
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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Shah IK, Kumar A, Rajasekar S, Pathak AA, Suvarna N, Gopal K, Muthukrishnan R. Association between Smartphone Addiction and Breathing Pattern in Sedentary Young College-Going Students - A Cross-Sectional Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1637-1641. [PMID: 38044767 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_235_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of smartphone users has progressively increased worldwide. Altered biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and ribcage could limit the chest wall function that affects the respiratory muscles strength, reducing diaphragm function in smartphone users. This study aimed to compare breathing patterns between smartphone-addicted and -nonaddicted user groups. OBJECTIVE To find the association between excessive smartphone use and breathing pattern in sedentary young college-going students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 230 participants. The participants were screened for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were asked to fill out a Smartphone Addiction Scale questionnaire. These breathing patterns were then assessed by self-evaluation of breathing questionnaire (SEBQ), manual assessment of respiratory motion (MARM), breath-holding test, and capnography. RESULTS The correlation of smartphone-addicted and -nonaddicted groups with breathing patterns was performed by Spearman rank correlation. Results show no significant association between the smartphone-nonaddicted and -addicted users. CONCLUSION This study concluded that excessive smartphone use and breathing patterns are not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Shah
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kumar
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Rajasekar
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A A Pathak
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Suvarna
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Gopal
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Muthukrishnan
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Vannajak PT, Vannajak K. Effect of tablet tilt positioning on ergonomic risks and respiratory function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15654. [PMID: 37144190 PMCID: PMC10151345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The static posture associated with continuous tablet use can lead to musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremities as well as respiratory function disorders. We hypothesized that 0-degree tablet placement (flat on a table) would affect ergonomic risks and respiratory function. Eighteen undergraduate students were divided into two groups (n = 9 per group). In the first group, the tablet was placed at a 0-degree angle, whereas in the second group, it was placed at a 40- to 55-degree angle on a student learning chair. The tablet was used continuously for 2 h for writing and internet use. Rapid upper-limb assessment (RULA), craniovertebral angle, and respiratory function were assessed. There was no significant difference in respiratory function, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, between the groups (p = 0.09) or within groups. However, there was a statistically significant between-group difference in RULA (p = 0.001), with the 0-degree group having a greater ergonomic risk. There were also significant within-group differences between pre- and posttest. The CV angle differed significantly between groups (p = 0.03), whereby the 0-degree group had poor posture, as well as within the 0-degree group (p = 0.039), though not within the 40- to 55-degree group (p = 0.067). Undergraduate students who place their tablets at a 0-degree angle face increased ergonomic risks and higher potential for developing musculoskeletal disorders and poor posture. Thus, elevating the tablet and instituting rest intervals may prevent or decrease the ergonomic risks among tablet users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimonpan Taweekarn Vannajak
- Physical Therapy Division, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Kunavut Vannajak
- Physical Therapy Division, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Corresponding author. Physical therapy division, Faculty of allied health sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Jung SH, Hwang UJ, Ahn SH, Kim JH, Kwon OY. Does mobilisation of the thoracic spine using mechanical massage affect diaphragmatic excursion in individuals with thoracic hyperkyphosis? J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:517-523. [PMID: 34657875 PMCID: PMC9198757 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic mobilisation improves thoracic hyperkyphosis and respiratory function. Diaphragmatic excursion is associated with respiratory function; however, limited studies have assessed the effect of thoracic mobilisation on diaphragmatic excursion. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of thoracic mobilisation on diaphragmatic excursion and respiratory function in individuals with thoracic hyperkyphosis. METHODS Participants were recruited through Internet advertising and participated voluntarily. Nineteen healthy participants (age: 33.37 ± 6.56 years; height: 170.32 ± 7.92 cm; weight: 69.77 ± 14.70 kg) with thoracic hyperkyphosis underwent thoracic mobilisation for 8 weeks. Diaphragmatic excursion, thoracic kyphosis, and respiratory function were measured. Thoracic mobilisation was provided using a mechanical massage device. RESULTS Thoracic mobilisation for 8 weeks significantly improved diaphragmatic excursion during deep breathing (p= 0.015), forced vital capacity (p< 0.01), and thoracic hyperkyphosis (p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Thoracic mobilisation can be recommended in respiratory rehabilitation programs to increase diaphragmatic excursion and respiratory function for the management and prevention of respiratory dysfunction in individuals with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oh-Yun Kwon
- Corresponding author: Oh-Yun Kwon, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungeup-Myeon, Wonju, Kangwon-Do 26493, South Korea. Tel.: +82 33 760 2427; Fax: +82 33 760 2496; E-mail:
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Alonazi A, Almutairi W, Bains G, Daher N, Alismail A. Effects of smartphone addiction on children's lung function. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:323-330. [PMID: 32614490 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increase in smartphone usage, constant neck flexion can lead to improper posture, which may impact on lung function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and lung function between addicted and non-addicted boys and girls aged between 8-13 years who use smartphones for long periods of time. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 boys and 26 girls (mean age 10.5 ± 1.6 years and body mass index 18.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) . Participants were assigned to two groups based on their scores on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for Adolescents: addicted group (score > 32, n = 32) and non-addicted group (score ≤ 32, n = 18). The outcome variables were CVA, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximum inspiratory pressures (PImax), and maximum expiratory pressures (PEmax). RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean CVA between addicted and non-addicted boys (49.4 ± 6.7 vs 55.5 ± 7.6, η2 = 0.9, P = 0.03) and girls (47.3 ± 6.3 vs 52.9 ± 6.1, η2 = 0.9, P = 0.02). Mean FVC, FEV1, and FEV6 were significantly lower in addicted versus non-addicted boys (P = 0.04, P = 0.05, and P = 0.02, respectively). PImax was significantly less in addicted compared to non-addicted girls (55.2 ± 16.4 vs 65.3 ± 13.8, η2 = 0.7, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that children addicted to smartphones (when using the SAS-SV as an indicator for addiction) revealed lower CVA and lung function results. Therefore, education on proper posture while holding smartphones is essential to the children's postural and lung function status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Alonazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Almutairi
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gurinder Bains
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Noha Daher
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah Alismail
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Legan M, Zupan K. Prevalence of mobile device-related lower extremity discomfort: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1091-1103. [PMID: 33308036 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1863657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mobile device users often experience musculoskeletal discomfort due to the intensive use of these devices in static body postures. Prolonged sitting and standing at work and in free time are risk factors for various diseases and all-cause mortality. Prolonged static postures are the main cause of lower extremity discomfort. A systematic search of the articles was conducted in four different electronic databases. All selected papers were appraised using a critical appraisal tool. Fourteen studies were selected for the review. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints ranged from 0.4 to 72.9%. Mobile device-related lower extremity discomfort ranged from 0.4 to 9.6%. The most common body posture among mobile device users in the selected studies was sitting. There is some evidence for the association between lower extremity pain and mobile device use. Experts should take this review as a basis to provide appropriate and effective ergonomic measures, especially for working mobile device users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Legan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klementina Zupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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