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Hur Y, Oh BM, Seo HG, Hyun SE, Kim DJ, Kim H, Han TS, Park HJ, Lee CH, Lee WH. Reliability of Surface Electromyography From the Lower-limb Muscles During Maximal and Submaximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions in In-bed Healthy Individuals and Patients With Subacute Stroke. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2024; 17:e14. [PMID: 39113922 PMCID: PMC11300959 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2024.17.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and submaximal voluntary isometric contraction (subMVIC) methods and to assess the reliability of the developed methods for in-bed healthy individuals and patients with subacute stroke. The electromyography (EMG) activities from the lower-limb muscles including the tensor fascia lata (TFL), rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GC) on both sides were recorded during MVIC and subMVIC using surface EMG sensors in 20 healthy individuals and 20 subacute stroke patients. In inter-trial reliability, both MVIC and subMVIC methods demonstrated excellent reliability for all the measured muscles at baseline and follow-up evaluations in both healthy individuals and stroke patients. In inter-day reliability, MVIC showed good reliability for the TFL and moderate reliability for the RF, TA, and GC, while subMVIC showed good reliability for the TFL, RF, and GC and poor reliability for the TA in healthy individuals. In conclusion, the MVIC and subMVIC methods of EMG activities were feasible in in-bed healthy individuals and patients with subacute stroke. The results can serve as a basis for the clinical evaluation of muscular activities using quantitative EMG signals on the lower-limb muscles in stroke patients with impaired mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hur
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Hyun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- NeuroTx Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakseung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Seong Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oliva FM, Tarasconi M, Malovini A, Zappa M, Visca D, Zampogna E. Evaluation of physical activity before and after respiratory rehabilitation in normal weight individuals with asthma: a feasibility study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1372048. [PMID: 38783863 PMCID: PMC11111960 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1372048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with asthma spend less time engaging in physical activity compared to the general population. Increasing physical activity has become a patient-centered goal for the treatment of treatable traits of individuals with asthma. There are data showing the possible effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on physical activity in obese individuals with asthma but not in normal-weight asthmatics. The objective of this feasibility study is to estimate the number of daily steps and time spent on activity in normal-weight individuals with asthma, measured before and after a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Methods Normal-weight individuals with moderate to severe asthma were evaluated. The individuals measured their daily steps with an accelerometer for 5 days before and after a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05486689. Results In total, 17 participants were enrolled; one dropout and data on the time in activity of two individuals are missing due to a software error during the download. Data from 16 patients were analyzed. The median number of steps/day at baseline was 5,578 (25th, 75th percentiles = 4,874, 9,685) while the median activity time was 214 min (25th, 75th percentiles = 165, 239). After the rehabilitation program, the number of daily steps increased by a median value of 472 (p-value = 0.561) and the time in activity reduced by 17 min (p-value = 0.357). We also found a significant difference in quality of life, muscle strength, and exercise capacity. Conclusions The results of this study make it possible to calculate the sample size of future studies whose main outcome is daily steps in normal-weight individuals with asthma. The difficulties encountered in downloading time in activity data do not allow the same for this outcome. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05486689.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mattia Oliva
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tarasconi
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Zappa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Dina Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zampogna
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
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Lehecka BJ, Daniels T, Koester B, Kropp W, Reeves M, Waterson R. Effects of Verbal and Tactile Cues on Gluteal Force Production and Broad Jump Distance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:284-289. [PMID: 38439774 PMCID: PMC10909302 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Verbal and tactile cues can increase muscle activity, force production, and kinematics. Several studies demonstrate the effects of verbal and tactile cues on upper extremity muscles, while relatively few examined lower extremity muscles, specifically the gluteals. Studies that observed changes in gluteal function from verbal and tactile cues examined muscle activity via electromyography rather than force production or functional activities such as jumping. Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of verbal and tactile cues on gluteal force production and broad jump distance. Study Design Cross-Sectional cohort. Methods Gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance were tested in forty-two healthy male and female university students at baseline and after verbal and tactile cues given in random order. Gluteus maximus force was measured using handheld dynamometry and reported in kilograms. Verbal cues included "push, push, push" before both tests. The examiner provided tactile cues to the gluteus maximus before force production testing, and the participant provided tactile cues to both gluteus maximus muscles before performing the broad jump. Performance on the broad jump was measured in centimeters. Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliability via Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, differences in performance between sexes were analyzed with an independent t-test, and changes in force production and jump distance from baseline were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Results Mean gluteus maximus force production following verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 13.48% (3.83 kg) compared to the control condition, while gluteal force production following the tactile cues was not significantly different. Broad jump distance following the verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) 3.99% (7.71 cm) compared to the control condition and significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 2.95% (5.71 cm) following the tactile cues. There were no significant differences in performances between males and females. The test-retest reliability of all measurements was 0.97-0.99. Conclusion Verbal cues significantly increased gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance. Tactile cues significantly increased broad jump distance but had no significant effect on gluteus maximus force. These results have implications for clinical testing and athletic performance when gluteus maximus force and jump distance are concerned. Level of Evidence 3.
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Hu H, Ma Y, Gao X, Song D, Li M, Huang H, Qian X, Wu R, Shi K, Ding H, Lin M, Chen X, Zhao W, Qi B, Zhou S, Chen R, Gu Y, Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang C, Wang C, Tong Y, Cui H, Abdal A, Zhu Y, Tian X, Chen Z, Lu C, Yang X, Mu J, Lou Z, Eghtedari M, Zhou Q, Oberai A, Xu S. Stretchable ultrasonic arrays for the three-dimensional mapping of the modulus of deep tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1321-1334. [PMID: 37127710 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Serial assessment of the biomechanical properties of tissues can be used to aid the early detection and management of pathophysiological conditions, to track the evolution of lesions and to evaluate the progress of rehabilitation. However, current methods are invasive, can be used only for short-term measurements, or have insufficient penetration depth or spatial resolution. Here we describe a stretchable ultrasonic array for performing serial non-invasive elastographic measurements of tissues up to 4 cm beneath the skin at a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. The array conforms to human skin and acoustically couples with it, allowing for accurate elastographic imaging, which we validated via magnetic resonance elastography. We used the device to map three-dimensional distributions of the Young's modulus of tissues ex vivo, to detect microstructural damage in the muscles of volunteers before the onset of soreness and to monitor the dynamic recovery process of muscle injuries during physiotherapies. The technology may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting tissue biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Hu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ray Wu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keren Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Muyang Lin
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baiyan Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sai Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yue Gu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yimu Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusheng Lei
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chonghe Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yitian Tong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Cui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdulhameed Abdal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chengchangfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Eghtedari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Assad Oberai
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lim JH, He K, Yi Z, Hou C, Zhang C, Sui Y, Li L. Adaptive Learning based Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Training System with Collaborative Robot. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083561 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation training for patients with motor disabilities usually requires specialized devices in rehabilitation centers. Home-based multi-purpose training would significantly increase treatment accessibility and reduce medical costs. While it is unlikely to equip a set of rehabilitation robots at home, we investigate the feasibility to use the general-purpose collaborative robot for rehabilitation therapies. In this work, we developed a new system for multi-purpose upper-limb rehabilitation training using a generic robot arm with human motor feedback and preference. We integrated surface electromyography, force/torque sensors, RGB-D cameras, and robot controllers with the Robot Operating System to enable sensing, communication, and control of the system. Imitation learning methods were adopted to imitate expert-provided training trajectories which could adapt to subject capabilities to facilitate in-home training. Our rehabilitation system is able to perform gross motor function and fine motor skill training with a gripper-based end-effector. We simulated system control in Gazebo and training effects (muscle activation level) in Open-Sim and evaluated its real performance with human subjects. For all the subjects enrolled, our system achieved better training outcomes compared to specialist-assisted rehabilitation under the same conditions. Our work demonstrates the potential of utilizing collaborative robots for in-home motor rehabilitation training.Clinical relevance-The collaborative robot system is capable of providing safe and effective training comparable to specialized rehabilitation robots, enabling possibilities of convenient rehabilitation training at home.
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Noghani N, Sheikhhoseini R, Babakhani F. Pilates Exercises Improves Anticipatory Muscular Activation in Elderly Women: A RCT Study. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2119322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Noghani
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Babakhani
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
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Coetzee D, Coetzee FF, Schall R, Sinclair C. Gluteal muscle activation during rehabilitation exercises in female field hockey players. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021; 77:1578. [PMID: 34859159 PMCID: PMC8603190 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field hockey, a team sport played by both men and women at both recreational and professional levels, requires maintaining a forward flexed posture putting stress on the lumbar spine. Hence, it is necessary to assess the muscles supporting the lumbar spine, especially those surrounding the hip, to inform strengthening exercises for this population. OBJECTIVES To establish the best body weight rehabilitation exercises shown to produce high muscle activation (≥ 61%MVIC - maximal voluntary isometric contraction) for both the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and medius (Gmed) muscles. Four exercises fell into this category. METHOD Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record the muscle activation of Gmax and Gmed of four body weight rehabilitation exercises in 26 high-performance female field hockey players. The %MVIC activation data of both Gmax and Gmed were analysed using a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS The single-leg squat generated the highest %MVIC activation of both Gmax (125.65%MVIC) and Gmed (126.30%MVIC). The only statistically significant difference for Gmax was between the single-leg squat and plank with hip extension (p = 0.0487). No statistically significant difference was observed for Gmed between the four body weight rehabilitation exercises (p = 0.6285). CONCLUSION The four exercises generated similar %MVIC activation levels. The single-leg squat produced the highest observed %MVIC of Gmax and Gmed in high-performance female field hockey players and is, therefore, recommended. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Implementation of the findings could result in benefits during prehabilitation, injury prevention programmes and the later stages of rehabilitation for high-performance female field hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daretha Coetzee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frederik F. Coetzee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Robert Schall
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Colleen Sinclair
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Nolan AJ, Govers ME, Oliver ML. Effect of fatigue on muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort when exposed to whole-body vibration. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1281-1296. [PMID: 33788671 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration and muscle fatigue have both been shown to delay the trunk muscle reflex response and increase trunk muscle activation, leading to an increased risk of low back injuries. However, the effects of whole-body vibration on previously fatigued trunk muscles have never been tested, despite studies showing that prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration can lead to muscle fatigue. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue on muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort when exposed to whole-body vibration. The results showed that a fatigued muscle state resulted in increased muscle latency, muscle activation and perceived discomfort, which all escalate the risk of low back injuries. Additionally, the ISO 2631-1 comfort ratings did not increase with fatigue, showing a disconnect between these comfort ratings and the perceived discomfort ratings in a fatigued muscle state. Practitioner summary: When exposed to whole-body vibration, fatigued back muscles result in delayed muscle contraction, higher overall muscle activation and increased perceived discomfort, all of which are known to increase low back injury risk. ISO 2631-1 comfort ratings are unable to increase with fatigue, showing a disconnect with perceived discomfort ratings. Abbreviations: EMG: electromyography; EO: external oblique; IO: internal oblique; LE: lumbar erector spinae; LEO: left externaloblique; LIO: left internal oblique; LLE: left lumbar erector spinae; LTE: left thoracic erector spinae; MVC: maximum voluntarycontraction; REO: right external oblique; RIO: right internal oblique; RLE: right lumbar erector spinae; RTE: right thoracicerector spinae; SEAT: Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility; TE: thoracic erector spinae; WBV: whole body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Govers
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Díaz-Serrano KV, Dias TM, Vasconcelos P, Sousa LG, Siéssere S, Regalo S, Palinkas M. Impact of temporomandibular disorders on the stomatognathic system in children. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e723-e729. [PMID: 29053659 PMCID: PMC5813991 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the EMG activity and thickness of right masseter (RM), left masseter (LM), right temporal (RT) and left temporal (LT) muscles and bite force in children with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty five children (mean age 8.8 years; 22 boys and 23 girls) were examined on the basis of the RDC/TMD and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) was used to determine the level of severity of the signs and symptoms of TMD, resulting in four groups: GI - without TMD (n=10); GII - with mild TMD (n=18), GIII: with moderate TMD (n=12) and GIV: with severe TMD (n=5). The data of electromyographic activity, maximum bite force and muscle thickness were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA, P≤0.05). RESULTS Children with TMD signs and symptoms had lower EMG activity than children of the control group. There was significant difference among the groups for the LT at rest (P=0.01), right (P=0.03) and left (P=0.05) laterality, and for the LM (P=0.01) and LT (P=0.03) muscles in maximum voluntary contraction. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding muscle thickness. The bite force was lower in the TMD groups than children of the control group, with significant statistical difference for the right region (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The severity of TMD signs and symptoms affected the EMG activity and the molar bite force in children. However, structural changes in the thickness of masticatory muscles are not perceptible in children with TMD signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-V Díaz-Serrano
- Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Campus University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil,
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