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Nagamoto H, Takahashi S, Okunuki T, Wakamiya K, Maemichi T, Kurokawa D, Muraki T, Takahashi H, Yamamoto N, Aizawa T, Kumai T. Prevalence of impaired foot function in baseball players with and without disabled throwing shoulder/elbow: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10051. [PMID: 38698031 PMCID: PMC11065992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of impaired foot function among baseball players with and without a disabled throwing shoulder/elbow was investigated. The study included 138 male players. Players who had previously complained of shoulder/elbow pain during throwing motion were defined as the players with a history, and those who experienced shoulder/elbow pain during the examination were defined as having the injury. Foot function was evaluated by foot "rock paper scissors" movements and floating toes. Their prevalence was assessed and the relationships between players with and without the injuries were statistically analyzed. The prevalence of players with a history and injury was 27% and 7%, respectively. The prevalence of impaired foot function on the non-throwing side among players with injury was significantly higher than those without (60% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and higher tendency on the throwing side than those without (60% vs. 32%). Regarding floating toes, players with a relevant history showed a significantly higher prevalence on the throwing side than those without (49% vs 28%, P < 0.001) and higher tendency on the non-throwing side than those without (49% vs 32%). Players with disabled throwing shoulder/elbow have a significantly higher prevalence of impaired foot function and floating toes than players without it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nagamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Specified Nonprofit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Takahashi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
- Specified Nonprofit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Okunuki
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Wakamiya
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Maemichi
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Specified Nonprofit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Muraki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
- Specified Nonprofit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kesen-Numa City Hospital, Kesen-Numa, Japan
- Specified Nonprofit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
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Nagamoto H, Okunuki T, Takahashi S, Wakamiya K, Liu Z, Maemichi T, Katsutani H, Yamada Y, Takahashi H, Tanaka H, Aizawa T, Kumai T. Are floating toes associated with lifestyle in children? A cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:90. [PMID: 38087348 PMCID: PMC10717254 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floating toes are a condition and deformity in which some of the toes are afloat. Many functional impairments in floating toes have been previously studied lately and several factors related to floating toes have also been reported. However, no reports have considered the relationship between lifestyle and floating toes among children. The purpose of this study was to reveal the prevalence of floating toes among school children and reveal its relationship with lifestyle. METHODS In total, 138 young male baseball players were recruited. Lifestyle was evaluated by using a questionnaire and chosen whether the main lifestyle was Japanese or Western, if the bedding was futons or beds, and if the toilet was Japanese style (a squat toilet) or Western style. Floating toes were defined as toes that were not in contact with the mat. Ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed and knee-extended positions was measured in a weight-bearing position. The relationship between the floating toes and lifestyles, and the comparison of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion between the lifestyles were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Players living in a Western style showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared with the players living in a Japanese style (throwing side; 39% vs. 19%, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 43% vs. 19%, p = 0.01). Players living in a Western style with beds showed a significantly smaller range of motion on both sides of ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed position compared with those who were not (throwing side; 37.2 ± 5.7° vs. 39.0 ± 6.6°, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 36.8 ± 5.8° vs. 38.6 ± 6.1°, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Children mainly living in a Western lifestyle showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared to those mainly living in a Japanese lifestyle. The prevalence of floating toes may be related to lifestyles among children. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Waseda University Graduate School of Sport Sciences (IRB number 2021-185).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nagamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takumi Okunuki
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Takahashi
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Wakamiya
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zijian Liu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Maemichi
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Katsutani
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kesen-Numa City Hospital, Kesen-Numa, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Nagamoto H, Kimura R, Hata E, Kumai T. Disabled throwing shoulder/elbow players have high rates of impaired foot function. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:679-686. [PMID: 35139696 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2038160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of impaired foot function and floating toes of 91 baseball players with disabled throwing shoulder or elbow were retrospectively investigated. Foot function was evaluated by foot "rock paper scissors" and floating toes were confirmed if none of the toes made contact with the mat in standing posture. The prevalence of impaired foot function and floating toes and the relationship between between them were determined. Abnormal foot function was observed in 83 players (91%); of those, 73 players (88%) also had floating toes, and the prevalence was statistically significant compared to those without it (12%) (P < 0.001). Floating toes were observed in 74 players (81%); of those, 73 players (99%) had impaired foot function, and the prevalence was also statistically significant compared to those without them (59%) (P < 0.001). Baseball players with disabled throwing shoulder or elbow have high rates of impaired foot function and floating toes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nagamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurihara Central Hospital, Kurihara, Japan
| | - Rei Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurihara Central Hospital, Kurihara, Japan
| | - Eri Hata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurihara Central Hospital, Kurihara, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Fujii K, Maekawa A, Komoda T, Kawabe N, Nishimura R, Sakakibara Y, Fukumoto T, Stolt M. Foot Problems and Their Associations with Toe Grip Strength and Walking Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals Using Day Services: A Cross-Sectional Study. NURSING REPORTS 2023; 13:697-720. [PMID: 37092490 PMCID: PMC10123680 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot disorders in older individuals compromise balance and contribute to postural and gait instabilities, causing a decrease in the activities of daily living and quality of life. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the foot-related data of 160 frail older participants who attended day service centers in A prefecture in Japan to determine the prevalence of foot problems and their associations with toe grip strength and walking speed in frail older people. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify foot-related variables that correlated with toe grip strength and walking speed. The prevalence rates of skin dryness (Support level 88.2%, Care level 85.2% for men; Support level 84.9%, Care level 93% for women) and suspected and existing fungal infections in nails (Support level 94.1%, Care level 92.6% for men; Support level 98.1%, Care level 95.2% for women) were high in both sexes regardless of the level of care required. Furthermore, in both sexes, the prevalence rates of toe and arch deformities were significantly increased in the people who required care. Regression analysis revealed that some right-sided foot-related problems were significantly associated with right toe grip strength and walking speed. The decrease in toe grip strength was significantly associated with walking speed. Our study provides evidence that some specific conditions were associated with toe grip force and walking speed. This finding can contribute to future strategies to protect foot health in community-dwelling older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashiko Fujii
- Nursing Department, Tokyo Kasei University, 2-15-1, Inaniyama, Sayama City 350-1398, Japan
| | - Atsuko Maekawa
- Ex Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City 461-8673, Japan
| | - Takuyuki Komoda
- Toyohashi Heart Center Plastic Surgery, Gifu Heart Center, 4-14-4 Yabuta Minami, Gifu City 500-8384, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kawabe
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City 461-8673, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Nishimura
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Turumai-cho, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya City 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sakakibara
- The Unit of Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Nursing, Nishichita General Hospital, 3-1-1 Nakanoike, Tokai City 477-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fukumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science, Kio University, 4 Chome-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo, Kitakatsuragi District, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Minna Stolt
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, PL 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Wako M, Fujimaki T, Koyama K, Furuya N, Shinohara R, Otawa S, Kobayashi A, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Haro H. A cross-sectional study on the correlations between floating toe, plantar arch posture, and body composition in 8-year-old children. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:1035-1039. [PMID: 35210187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floating toe (FT): inadequately in contact with the ground and flexible flat foot (FFF) are frequently seen in children. According to some reports, inadequate foot muscle strength may cause FT or FFF.Therefore, a relationship may exist between arch formation, FT, and pedal muscle strength. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of FT with plantar arch posture and body composition, including overall muscle mass. METHODS We conducted our own cohort study in addition to the Japan Environment and Children's Study conducted by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Out of 705 eight-year-old children participating in this adjunct study, 578 with recorded footprints were included. Body composition (body weight, body fat percentage, and predicted muscle mass) was assessed using body composition analyzer. Presence of FT or FFF was evaluated using foot pressure plate. We calculated the FT score (small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes) and the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI) using images of the plantar footprint. RESULTS The FT score (an indicator of FT) showed no significant correlation with CSI (an indicator of plantar arch posture). Moreover, no significant correlations between the predicted muscle mass, FT score, and CSI were observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that assessed the relationship of FT with plantar arch posture and body composition in children. This study indicated that muscle strength might not be a major factor for FT and FFF development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Wako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Taro Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoto Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Yanagiya T, Hata K, Takeshita T, Noro H, Yoshida T, Koyama M, Miyamoto A. Athletic event-specific characteristics in floating toes during the static standing posture. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:342-347. [PMID: 32425352 PMCID: PMC7192739 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to determine the cause of floating toe syndrome, along with methods
for correction and prevention. [Participants and Methods] We recruited 93 Japanese male
students. Participants were grouped, according to primary sport, as Sprinters (SPR),
Swimmers (SWM), Gymnasts (GYM), Kendoists (KND) and Controls (CON). Degree of floating toe
syndrome was measured according to whether any toe was not in full contact with the ground
in a static standing posture—the Floating Toe Point (FTP). Two points were given for each
toe that was not at the FTP. The sum of the FTP was defined as the Floating Toes Score
(FTS), and was classified as follows: Normalcy (over 18 points), Incomplete Contact
(between 10 and 17 points), and Floating Toes (Under 9 points). [Results] The mean FTS for
all participants (10.40 ± 5.803) met the criteria for Floating Toes. Scores were highest
for SWMs (13.46 ± 5.710), followed by GYMs (13.26 ± 4.505), and SPRs (12.00 ± 4.870), who
all met the criteria for Incomplete Contact. Both KNDs (6.55 ± 5.409) and CONs (9.45 ±
4.824) met the criteria for Floating Toes. [Conclusion] SWMs had the highest FTSs,
followed by GYMs, and SPRs. KNDs had the lowest FTS. However, no group was classified as
Normal. We suggest that athletes who practice or train with bare feet do not necessarily
have higher FTSs, if evaluated in the standing posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Yanagiya
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hata
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Tomonari Takeshita
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Noro
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Taira Yoshida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Gifu Sports Science Center, Japan
| | - Motoki Koyama
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University: 1-1 Hiaraga-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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