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Wako M, Koyama K, Furuya N, Shinohara R, Otawa S, Kobayashi A, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Haro H. Relationship between floating toes condition and lower limb muscle weight in 8-year-old children: the Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-Y). J Phys Ther Sci 2023; 35:252-256. [PMID: 36866014 PMCID: PMC9974319 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.35.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Floating toe is a condition in which the toes make insufficient contact with the ground. Weak muscle strength is reportedly one cause of floating toe. However, little evidence exists regarding the relationship between foot muscle strength and floating toe. Here we examined the relationship between foot muscle strength and floating toe by investigating the children' lower extremity muscle mass and floating toe conditions. [Participants and Methods] This cohort study enrolled 118 8-year-old children (62 females, 56 males) with recorded footprints and muscle mass evaluations using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We calculated the floating toe score using the footprint. We measured the muscle weights and the muscle weights divided by the lengths of the lower limbs separately on the left and right sides using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. [Results] No significant correlations were observed between the floating toe score and muscle weights or muscle weights divided by lower-limb lengths for either gender or side. [Conclusion] In this study, no significant correlation was found between floating toe degree and lower limb muscle mass, suggesting that lower limb muscle strength is not the primary cause of floating toe, at least in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Wako
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Yamanashi: 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan,Corresponding author. Masanori Wako (E-mail: )
| | - Kensuke Koyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Yamanashi: 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naoto Furuya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Yamanashi: 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Yamanashi: 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Fujimaki T, Wako M, Koyama K, Furuya N, Shinohara R, Otawa S, Kobayashi A, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Haro H. Prevalence of floating toe and its relationship with static postural stability in children: The Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-Y). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246010. [PMID: 33760833 PMCID: PMC7990192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Floating toe (FT) is a frequently seen condition in which a toe is inadequately in contact with the ground. Although toes play an important role in stabilizing standing posture and walking, many aspects of the effects of FT on the body remain unclear. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the relationship between FT and postural stability, especially in children. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of FT and its relationship with static postural stability in children. Of the 400 children aged 8 years who participated in our cohort study, 396, who were examined for static postural stability, were included in this study. Postural stability and FT were assessed using a foot pressure plate. The sway path length of the center of pressure and the area of the ellipse defined as the size of the area marked by the center of pressure, were measured as an evaluation of static postural stability. We calculated the "floating toe score (FT score: small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes)" using the image of the plantar footprint obtained at the postural stability measurement. The rate of FT was elevated at more than 90%, and the FT score in the eyes-closed condition was significantly higher than that in the eyes-open condition in both sexes. The FT score significantly correlated with the center of pressure path and area. Our results suggest that ground contact of the toes is not directly related to static postural stability in children, but it may function to stabilize the body when the condition becomes unstable, such as when the eyes are closed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masanori Wako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kensuke Koyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoto Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, Japan
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