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Guo Z, Xiong B, Zhang L, Cao X, Sun X, Sun W. Advances in the Causes and Treatment of Floating Toes after the Weil Osteotomy: A Scoping Review. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1257-1268. [PMID: 38693601 PMCID: PMC11144501 DOI: 10.1111/os.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The floating toe deformity is classified as a forefoot deformity wherein the distal portion of the toe does not establish touch with the ground, resulting in a suspended or elevated position while the finger is in a relaxed state. At first, it garnered considerable interest as a complication It is worth noting that this condition is particularly common in children under the age of 8, which usually disappears as the individual reaches maturity. Studies have shown that with the aggravation of floating toe deformity, its adverse effects on patients' gait and overall quality of life also increase. Despite the prevalence of floating toe deformity in clinical settings, there is a lack of comprehensive literature investigating its underlying causes and potential preventive strategies. This scope review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement guidelines for scope reviews. The literature was obtained from various full-text databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science Database. Our search focused on published literature related to floating toes, Weil osteotomy, and distal metatarsal osteotomy, up until March 1, 2023. The literature search and data analysis are conducted by two independent reviewers. If there are any disagreements, a third researcher will participate in the discussion and negotiate a decision. Furthermore, two experienced foot and ankle surgeons conducted a thorough literature analysis for this review. Sixty-two articles were included. Through the clinical analysis of the structural changes of the forefoot before and after operation, the classification of floating toe was described, the causes of pathological floating toe were summarized, and the possible intervention measures for the disease were put forward under the advice of foot and ankle surgery experts. We comprehensively summarize the current knowledge system about the etiology of floating toe and put forward the corresponding intervention strategy. We recommend that future studies will focus on the improvement of surgical procedures, such as the combination of Weil osteotomy, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis and flexor tendon arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Guo
- Wangjing HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Binglang Xiong
- Wangjing HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Longwei Zhang
- Advanced ChemistrySchool of Science Xi'an Jiaotong‐liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xuhan Cao
- Wangjing HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xudong Sun
- Wangjing HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weidong Sun
- Wangjing HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Koyama K, Ichiba T, Furushima K, Sugano Y, Niitsu A, Kodachi Y, Niino S, Ueno M, Adachi K. Relationship between the floating toe and the center-of-pressure position in an upright posture among students. J Phys Ther Sci 2024; 36:175-180. [PMID: 38562537 PMCID: PMC10981960 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.36.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The incidence of floating toes in children is increasing. Although the anteroposterior center of pressure in children is present posteriorly, its relationship with the floating toe is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the position of the anteroposterior center of pressure and the floating toe in an upright posture in children. [Participants and Methods] In this cross-sectional study, a Win-Pod (Medicapteurs) platform was used to measure the position of the anteroposterior center of pressure in 208 boys and 195 girls from Japanese elementary schools. Using images of the plantar footprint, floating toes were assessed and the floating toe score was calculated. [Results] The anteroposterior center of pressure position was situated 32.3 ± 8.2% from the heel. The floating toe score of all the participants was 3.5 ± 2.4, with a very high rate of 98%. The floating toe score had a significant, moderate correlation with age, height, weight, and the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between the floating toe score and the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position, height, and weight. [Conclusion] There is significant relationship between the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position and the floating toe score in an upright posture in Japanese elementary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Koyama
- Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences:
2-9-1 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
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Nagamoto H, Okunuki T, Takahashi S, Wakamiya K, Liu Z, Maemichi T, Katsutani H, Yamada Y, Takahashi H, Tanaka H, Aizawa T, Kumai T. Are floating toes associated with lifestyle in children? A cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:90. [PMID: 38087348 PMCID: PMC10717254 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floating toes are a condition and deformity in which some of the toes are afloat. Many functional impairments in floating toes have been previously studied lately and several factors related to floating toes have also been reported. However, no reports have considered the relationship between lifestyle and floating toes among children. The purpose of this study was to reveal the prevalence of floating toes among school children and reveal its relationship with lifestyle. METHODS In total, 138 young male baseball players were recruited. Lifestyle was evaluated by using a questionnaire and chosen whether the main lifestyle was Japanese or Western, if the bedding was futons or beds, and if the toilet was Japanese style (a squat toilet) or Western style. Floating toes were defined as toes that were not in contact with the mat. Ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed and knee-extended positions was measured in a weight-bearing position. The relationship between the floating toes and lifestyles, and the comparison of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion between the lifestyles were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Players living in a Western style showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared with the players living in a Japanese style (throwing side; 39% vs. 19%, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 43% vs. 19%, p = 0.01). Players living in a Western style with beds showed a significantly smaller range of motion on both sides of ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed position compared with those who were not (throwing side; 37.2 ± 5.7° vs. 39.0 ± 6.6°, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 36.8 ± 5.8° vs. 38.6 ± 6.1°, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Children mainly living in a Western lifestyle showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared to those mainly living in a Japanese lifestyle. The prevalence of floating toes may be related to lifestyles among children. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Waseda University Graduate School of Sport Sciences (IRB number 2021-185).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nagamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takumi Okunuki
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Takahashi
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Wakamiya
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zijian Liu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Maemichi
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Katsutani
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Specified Non-Profit Organization, Network for Sports Medicine and Science, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kesen-Numa City Hospital, Kesen-Numa, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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