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Lemos ASDO, Granato JDT, Antinarelli LMR, Machado PDA, Campos LM, Bastos JPRC, Midlej VDV, Silva Neto AFD, Fabri RL, Coimbra ES. Lantana camara L. induces a multi-targeted cell death process in Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118766. [PMID: 39222759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
ETNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lantana camara L. is a species known for its broad spectrum of bioactivities and is commonly used in folk therapy to address inflammatory, dermatological, gastrointestinal, intestinal worms and protozoan diseases. It boasts a diverse array of secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, and saponins. However, despite its rich chemical profile, there remains a scarcity of studies investigating its antileishmanial properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aims to explore the antileishmanial potential of L. camara, focusing also on its mechanism of action against Leishmania amazonensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethanolic extract of L. camara leaves (LCE) was obtained through static maceration, and its phytoconstituents were identified using UFLC-QTOF-MS. The colorimetric MTT method was conducted to determine the effect of LCE on promastigotes of L. amazonensis and murine macrophages. The anti-amastigote activity was evaluated by counting intracellular parasites in macrophages after Giemsa staining. Additionally, investigations into the mechanisms underlying its action were conducted using cellular and biochemical approaches. RESULTS LCE exhibited significant activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, with IC50 values of 12.20 μg/mL ± 0.12 and 7.09 μg/mL ± 1.24, respectively. These IC50 values indicate very promising antileishmanial activity, comparable to those found for the positive control miltefosine (5.10 μg/mL ± 1.79 and 8.96 μg/mL ± 0.50, respectively). Notably, LCE exhibited negligible cytotoxicity on macrophages (IC50 = 223.40 μg/mL ± 47.02), demonstrating selectivity towards host cells (SI = 31.50). The antileishmanial activity of LCE involved a multi-targeted cell death process, characterized by morphological and ultrastructural alterations observed through SEM and TEM analyses, as well as oxidative effects evidenced by the inhibition of trypanothione reductase, elevation of ROS and lipid levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction evaluated using DTNB, H2DCFDA, Nile red, and JC-1 assays. Additionally, extraction of ergosterol and double labeling with annexin V and PI revealed modifications to the organization and permeability of the treated parasite's plasma membrane. LCE was found to consist predominantly of terpenes, with lantadenes A, B, and C being among the eleven compounds identified through UFLC-QTOF-MS analysis. CONCLUSIONS The extract of L. camara presents a diverse array of chemical constituents, prominently featuring high terpene content, which may underlie its antileishmanial properties through a combination of apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death induced by LCE. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of L. camara as a candidate for antileishmanial treatment, pending further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Trindade Granato
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia de Almeida Machado
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lara Melo Campos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Reis Costa Bastos
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Victor do Valle Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Ultrastructure, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Firmino da Silva Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
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Dalmagro M, Donadel G, Moraes Pinc M, Becker Viana AP, Klein EJ, da Silva EA, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A, de Almeida Canoff JR, Lourenço ELB, Hoscheid J. Exploring antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition in Eugenia L. extracts: a comprehensive phytochemical study. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38738742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2352868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study analysed extracts obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora, E. involucrata, and E. myrcianthes to determine their chemical composition, antioxidative properties, and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. By using liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, we identified chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, tannins, proanthocyanidins, saponins, and triterpenes in the extracts. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were found to be directly related to their total phenolic, flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition. The E. uniflora aqueous extract showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 0.98 µg mL-1), indicating its potential as a non-competitive inhibitor for managing Diabetes Mellitus. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on the chemical and biological aspects of Eugenia genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dalmagro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with an Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moraes Pinc
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Elissandro Jair Klein
- Graduate Program in Chemical and Biotechnological Processes (PPGQB), Federal University of Technology Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edson Antônio da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, State University of Western Paraná, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Natural Products Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Natural Products Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with an Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
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Pardo-Rodriguez D, Lasso P, Santamaría-Torres M, Cala MP, Puerta CJ, Méndez Arteaga JJ, Robles J, Cuervo C. Clethra fimbriata hexanic extract triggers alteration in the energy metabolism in epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1206074. [PMID: 37818099 PMCID: PMC10561390 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1206074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in American countries and an estimated 8 million people worldwide are chronically infected. Currently, only two drugs are available for therapeutic use against T. cruzi and their use is controversial due to several disadvantages associated with side effects and low compliance with treatment. Therefore, there is a need to search for new tripanocidal agents. Natural products have been considered a potential innovative source of effective and selective agents for drug development to treat T. cruzi infection. Recently, our research group showed that hexanic extract from Clethra fimbriata (CFHEX) exhibits anti-parasitic activity against all stages of T. cruzi parasite, being apoptosis the main cell death mechanism in both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes stages. With the aim of deepening the understanding of the mechanisms of death induced by CFHEX, the metabolic alterations elicited after treatment using a multiplatform metabolomics analysis (RP/HILIC-LC-QTOF-MS and GC-QTOF-MS) were performed. A total of 154 altered compounds were found significant in the treated parasites corresponding to amino acids (Arginine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, glycine, valine, proline, isoleucine, alanine, leucine, glutamic acid, and serine), fatty acids (stearic acid), glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine), sulfur compounds (trypanothione) and carboxylic acids (pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate). The most affected metabolic pathways were mainly related to energy metabolism, which was found to be decrease during the evaluated treatment time. Further, exogenous compounds of the triterpene type (betulinic, ursolic and pomolic acid) previously described in C. fimbriata were found inside the treated parasites. Our findings suggest that triterpene-type compounds may contribute to the activity of CFHEX by altering essential processes in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
- Metabolomics Core Facility—MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mary Santamaría-Torres
- Metabolomics Core Facility—MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica P. Cala
- Metabolomics Core Facility—MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Concepción J. Puerta
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge Robles
- Grupo de Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Rodríguez-Pólit C, Mayorga-Ramos A, Guamán LP, Barba-Ostria C. Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:1068. [PMID: 36770734 PMCID: PMC9920787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts have been and continue to be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer, based on their convenience and therapeutic potential. Natural products derived from microbes, plants, and animals offer a broad variety of molecules and chemical compounds. Natural products are not only one of the most important sources for innovative drug development for animal and human health, but they are also an inspiration for synthetic biology and chemistry scientists towards the discovery of new bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. This is particularly relevant in the current context, where antimicrobial resistance has risen as a global health problem. Thus, efforts are being directed toward studying natural compounds' chemical composition and bioactive potential to generate drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity than existing molecules. Currently, a wide range of methodologies are used to analyze the in vitro activity of natural extracts to determine their suitability as antimicrobial agents. Despite traditional technologies being the most employed, technological advances have contributed to the implementation of methods able to circumvent issues related to analysis capacity, time, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review produces an updated analysis of the conventional and current methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Anti-leishmanial compounds from microbial metabolites: a promising source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8227-8240. [PMID: 34625819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania is a complex disease caused by the protozoan parasites and transmitted by female phlebotomine sandfly. The disease affects some of the poorest people on earth with an estimated 700,000 to 1 million new cases annually. The current treatment for leishmaniasis is toxic, long, and limited, in view of the high resistance rate presented by the parasite, necessitating new perspectives for treatment. The discovery of new compounds with different targets can be a hope to make the treatment more efficient. Microbial metabolites and their structural analogues with enormous scaffold diversity and structural complexity have historically played a key role in drug discovery. We found thirty-nine research articles published between 1999 and 2021 in the scientific database (PubMed, Science Direct) describing microbes and their metabolites with activity against leishmanial parasites which is the focus of this review. KEY POINTS: • Leishmania affects the poorest regions of the globe • Current treatments for leishmaniasis are toxic and of limited efficacy • Microbial metabolites are potential sources of antileishmania drugs.
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