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Sánchez-Villalba E, Corral-March EA, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Zamorano-García L, Celaya-Michel H, Ochoa-Meza A, González-Ríos H, Barrera-Silva MÁ. Chromium Methionine and Ractopamine Supplementation in Summer Diets for Grower-Finisher Pigs Reared under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2671. [PMID: 37627462 PMCID: PMC10451215 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of the dietary supplementation of chromium methionine (CrMet) and ractopamine (RAC) on pigs in the growing-finishing stage under heat stress. The parameters evaluated included productive behavior, blood components, carcass characteristics, organ weight, and meat quality. This study was conducted during the summer season in Sonora, Mexico. The treatments included: (1) control diet (CON), a base diet (BD) formulated to satisfy the nutritional requirements of pigs; (2) RAC, BD plus 10 ppm RAC supplemented during the last 34 days of the study; (3) CrMet-S, BD supplemented with 0.8 ppm of Cr from CrMet during the last 34 days; and (4) CrMet-L, BD supplemented with 0.8 ppm of Cr from CrMet for an 81 d period. RAC supplementation improved the productive behavior and main carcass characteristics of the pigs compared with CON. However, RAC and CrMet supplementation during the last 34 days showed similar results in terms of weight gain, carcass quality, blood components, organ weight, and meat quality. The addition of CrMet-S had a moderate (although not significant) increase in productive performance and carcass weight. These findings are encouraging, as they suggest that CrMet may be a potential alternative for growth promotion. However, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sánchez-Villalba
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino Km. 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.S.-V.); (H.C.-M.); (A.O.-M.)
| | - Eileen Aglahe Corral-March
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (E.A.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.); (L.Z.-G.)
| | - Martín Valenzuela-Melendres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (E.A.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.); (L.Z.-G.)
| | - Libertad Zamorano-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (E.A.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.); (L.Z.-G.)
| | - Hernán Celaya-Michel
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino Km. 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.S.-V.); (H.C.-M.); (A.O.-M.)
| | - Andrés Ochoa-Meza
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino Km. 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.S.-V.); (H.C.-M.); (A.O.-M.)
| | - Humberto González-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (E.A.C.-M.); (M.V.-M.); (L.Z.-G.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Barrera-Silva
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Carretera a Bahía de Kino Km. 21, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (E.S.-V.); (H.C.-M.); (A.O.-M.)
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Liu Y, Huo B, Chen Z, Wang K, Huang L, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Wu C, Wu D, Fang Z. Effects of Organic Chromium Yeast on Performance, Meat Quality, and Serum Parameters of Grow-Finish Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1188-1196. [PMID: 35524021 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium (Cr) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium(III) yeast (CrYst) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat traits, antioxidant status, immune traits, and serum biochemical parameters of grow-finish pigs. A total of 72 commercial hybrid barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) of approximately 50 kg body weight were allocated into two dietary treatments randomly, which received a corn-soybean meal basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg CrYst/kg. The trial duration was 11 weeks divided into three periods from body weights of 50-75 kg, 75-100 kg, and 100-110 kg, respectively. The results revealed that supplemental CrYst did not affect growth performance. Organic CrYst supplementation significantly decreased the backfat depth and increased the meat tenderness score and juiciness score values in pigs (P < 0.05), while other carcass traits and meat traits indexes were unaffected. CrYst addition significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content of pigs in the whole growth phase; significantly increased the serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in growing pigs; and also increased the serum IgG, IgM, and GSH concentrations in pigs during the finishing phase (P < 0.05). Additionally, diets supplemented with CrYst significantly decreased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in growing pigs and significantly increased the serum LDL-C level at the fattening period (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed for the other serum biochemical indexes compared to the control pigs. In conclusion, CrYst supplementation could reduce lipid peroxidation and backfat thickness and improve the meat tenderness and juiciness, immune traits, and antioxidant status of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- China Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, 443005, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.
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