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Huang X, Hong M, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Kou X, Ke Q. The effects of core microorganism community on flavor compounds and active substances during the aging process of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114707. [PMID: 39059958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a traditional herbal and food spice, the flavor and active compounds content of Xinhui CRP improves with aging. To investigate the pattern of microbial community succession during the aging of Xinhui CRP and its correlation with changes in flavor compounds, the high-throughput sequencing, HPLC, and GC-IMS were used to analyze the microbial community, flavonoids, and flavor compounds of five different aging years in this study. The results revealed different dominant microbial communities in Xinhui CRP at different aging time, and unclassified Bacteria were the predominant bacterial genus during 10-15 years of aging. As the aging time increases, the abundance of microbial community decreases and gradually stabilizes. At the fungal genus level, Xeromyces (>99 %) were the dominant genus during the 10-15 years aging time and had a significant correlation with polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the concentrations of PMFs increased with the progression of aging years. The GC-IMS results revealed distinctive flavor profiles in Xinhui CRP across different aging years, floral and fruity aromas, such as heptanal, 3-methyl-3-butenol, and 1-butanol, among others, with increasing aging years. A comprehensive correlation analysis further elucidates the close relationship between the core microorganism community and flavor formation in Xinhui CRP (p < 0.05). Notably, Pseudomonas and Escherichia Shigella exhibited significant correlations with beta-pinene and alpha-pinene, whereas Aureobasidium and Sarcopodium were associated with nerol and α-phellandrene (p < 0.05). This study provides new ideas for accelerating the good quality and flavor of Xinhui CRP during the aging process from the perspective of key microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Min Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Qingran Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yunchong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Xingran Kou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Qinfei Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics, School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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Ezzaky Y, Elmoslih A, Silva BN, Bonilla-Luque OM, Possas A, Valero A, Cadavez V, Gonzales-Barron U, Achemchem F. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha spp. against foodborne pathogens: A meta-analysis study. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4516-4536. [PMID: 37615998 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a class of natural products that exhibit potent antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Inhibition diameters (IDs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are the typical measures of antimicrobial activity for extracts and EOs obtained from Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha species. This study used a meta-analytical regression analysis to investigate the correlation between ID and MIC measurements and the variability in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. By utilizing pooled ID models, this study revealed significant differences in foodborne pathogens' susceptibility to extracts, which were dependent on both the plant species and the methodology employed (p < .05). Cassia showed the highest efficacy against Salmonella spp., exhibiting a pooled ID of 26.24 mm, while cinnamon demonstrated the highest efficacy against Bacillus cereus, with a pooled ID of 23.35 mm. Mint extract showed the greatest efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, cinnamon extract demonstrated the lowest effect against Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, with a pooled ID of only 8.07 mm, whereas its EOs were the most effective against this bacterial strain. The study found that plant species influenced the MIC, while the methodology did not affect MIC measurements (p > .05). An inverse correlation between ID and MIC measurements was identified (p < .0001). These findings suggest that extracts and EOs obtained from Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha spp. have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. The study highlights the importance of considering various factors that may influence ID and MIC measurements when assessing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ezzaky
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelkhaleq Elmoslih
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Beatriz Nunes Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Olga María Bonilla-Luque
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Arícia Possas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Fouad Achemchem
- Bioprocess and Environment Team, LASIME Laboratory, Agadir Superior School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M, Zych S, Bucław M, Majewska D, Dzięcioł M, Szczerbińska D. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin in Combination with Essential Oils Isolated from Different Cultivars and Morphological Parts of Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) against Selected Bacterial Strains. Molecules 2023; 28:5781. [PMID: 37570751 PMCID: PMC10421019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of essential oils isolated from different cultivars and morphological parts of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. This in vitro study analyzed the effectiveness of the combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oils against the following strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The effect of the combination of lavender oils with gentamicin was tested using the checkerboard method. A synergistic effect against S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 was found when gentamicin was combined with lavender essential oils isolated from flowers and leafy stalks (flowers: 'Blue River' FICI-0.192; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.288; leafy stalks: 'Blue River' FICI-0.192; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.320). A synergistic effect was also observed for the combination of gentamicin with lavender essential oils from flowers against the resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) ('Blue River' FICI-0,191; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.263), as well as for the essential oils from leafy stalks ('Blue River' FICI-0.076; 'Ellagance Purple' FICI-0.089). No interaction was observed for the combination of studied essential oils with gentamicin against P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027 (FICI = 1.083-1.300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Sławomir Zych
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Bucław
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Danuta Majewska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Dzięcioł
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Szczerbińska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego Str. 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (D.S.)
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Nascimento T, Gomes D, Simões R, da Graça Miguel M. Tea Tree Oil: Properties and the Therapeutic Approach to Acne-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1264. [PMID: 37371994 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory dermatological pathology that affects mostly young people. However, it can also appear in adulthood, mainly in women. It has a high psychosocial impact, not only at the time of active lesions but also due to the consequences of lesions such as scarring and hyperpigmentation. Several factors are involved in the physiopathology of acne and the constant search for active ingredients is a reality, namely phytotherapeutic ingredients. Tea tree oil is an essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betch) Cheel with known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for the treatment of acne. This review aims to describe the various properties of tea tree oil that make it a possible ingredient to use in the treatment of acne and to present several human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of using tea tree oil in the treatment of acne. It can be concluded that tea tree oil has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that result in a decrease in the number of inflammatory lesions, mainly papules, and pustules. However, given the diversity of study designs, it is not possible to draw concrete conclusions on the efficacy and safety of this oil in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Nascimento
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 2, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 2, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Diana Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Simões
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria da Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Vassiliou E, Awoleye O, Davis A, Mishra S. Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties of Thyme Oil and Its Main Constituents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086936. [PMID: 37108100 PMCID: PMC10138399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme oil (TO) is derived from the flowers of various plants belonging to the genus Thymus. It has been used as a therapeutic agent since ancient times. Thymus comprises numerous molecular species exhibiting diverse therapeutic properties that are dependent on their biologically active concentrations in the extracted oil. It is therefore not surprising that oils extracted from different thyme plants present different therapeutic properties. Furthermore, the phenophase of the same plant species has been shown to yield different anti-inflammatory properties. Given the proven efficacy of TO and the diversity of its constituents, a better understanding of the interactions of the various components is warranted. The aim of this review is to gather the latest research findings regarding TO and its components with respect to their immunomodulatory properties. An optimization of the various components has the potential to yield more effective thyme formulations with increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evros Vassiliou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Oreoluwa Awoleye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sasmita Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
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First Evidence of a Combination of Terpinen-4-ol and α-Terpineol as a Promising Tool against ESKAPE Pathogens. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217472. [PMID: 36364298 PMCID: PMC9654757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue raising growing concern in the face of dwindling response options. It is therefore urgent to find new anti-infective molecules enabling us to fight effectively against ever more numerous bacterial infections caused by ever more antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this quest for new antibacterials, essential oils (or compounds extracted from essential oils) appear to be a promising therapeutic option. In the present work, we investigate the potential antibacterial synergy between a combination of terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol (10:1) compared to standard tea tree oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Then, time kill assays, in vitro cytotoxicity and bactericidal activity on latent bacteria (persisters) were investigated. Finally, an in silico study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of α-terpineol was also performed. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the combination of terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol might be a precious weapon to address ESKAPE pathogens.
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The Antifungal Activity of Cinnamon-Litsea Combined Essential Oil against Dominant Fungal Strains of Moldy Peanut Kernels. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111586. [PMID: 35681336 PMCID: PMC9180872 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia Presl), litsea [Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.], clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), thyme (Thymus mongolicus Ronn.) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) essential oils (EOs) against the dominant fungi isolated from moldy peanuts was investigated in this research. Firstly, strain YQM was isolated and identified by morphological characterization and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). Next, antifungal effects of single or mixed EOs on strain YQM were evaluated by the inhibition zone test. The cinnamon-litsea combined essential oil (CLCEO, Vcinnamon oil:Vlitsea oil = 3:5) displayed the best antifungal effect on strain YQM. The chemical composition of CLCEO was identified and quantified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and results revealed that the major components of CLCEO were cinnamaldehyde and citral. Finally, the effect of EOs on the microstructure of strain YQM mycelia was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mycelia exposed to cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and litsea essential oil (LEO) were partly deformed and collapsed, while the mycelia treated with CLCEO were seriously damaged and the deformation phenomena such as shrinking, shriveling and sinking occurred. Therefore, CLCEO has great potential for using as anti-mildew agents during peanut storage.
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