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Santos RS, Barreto MDS, Silva EED, da Silva BS, de Jesus PC, Silva DMRR, Moura PHM, de Souza JB, dos Santos LMM, Guimarães AG, Santana LADM, Borges LP. COVID-19 Crisis in Brazil: Post-Vaccination Seroprevalence and Infection in More and Less Vaccinated Municipalities in a Northeastern State. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38255709 PMCID: PMC10817450 DOI: 10.3390/life14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the impact of the pandemic in Brazil, vaccination is essential to prevent illness and death. Thus, this study sought to compare, after vaccination, the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and the response to vaccination in the least and most vaccinated municipalities of a Brazilian state during the height of the pandemic when the Omicron variant was dominant. METHODS We tested for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and confirmed infection using an RT-qPCR and measured IgM and IgG antibodies in fully vaccinated participants from municipalities with higher and lower vaccination rates. RESULTS We showed that participants from the least vaccinated municipalities were more likely to have detectable IgM antibodies and a positive antigen/RT-qPCR result for SARS-CoV-2 than participants from the most vaccinated municipalities. There were no differences between the vaccines used (BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, AZD1222, and CoronaVac) and antibody production. CONCLUSIONS Our study evaluated municipal vaccination coverage and its effects on mortality, infections, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during a critical phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that higher vaccination coverage reduces acute cases and confers higher memory antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2. Even with a full vaccination schedule, individuals living in places with low vaccination rates are more susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldy Santana Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Marina dos Santos Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Beatriz Soares da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pamela Chaves de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Jessiane Bispo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Leticia Milena Machado dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
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