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Massuyama BK, Gama MTD, Silva TYT, Braga-Neto P, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP. Ataxias in Brazil: 17 years of experience in an ataxia center. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 82:1-8. [PMID: 38964341 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar ataxias comprise sporadic and genetic etiologies. Ataxia may also be a presenting feature in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). OBJECTIVE To report a descriptive analysis of the frequency of different forms of cerebellar ataxia evaluated over 17 years in the Ataxia Unit of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Charts of patients who were being followed from January 2007 to December 2023 were reviewed. We used descriptive statistics to present our results as frequencies and percentages of the overall analysis. Diagnosed patients were classified according to the following 9 groups: sporadic ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), other autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs), mitochondrial ataxias, congenital ataxias, X-linked ataxias, HSPs, and others. RESULTS There were 1,332 patients with ataxias or spastic paraplegias. Overall, 744 (55.85%) of all cases were successfully diagnosed: 101 sporadic ataxia, 326 SCAs, 20 of other autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, 186 ARCAs, 6 X-linked ataxias, 2 mitochondrial ataxias, 4 congenital ataxias, and 51 HSPs. CONCLUSION This study describes the frequency of cerebellar ataxias in a large group of patients followed for the past 17 years, of whom 55% obtained a definitive clinical or molecular diagnosis. Future demographic surveys in Brazil or Latin American remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Kazuo Massuyama
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica, Setor de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Thereza Drumond Gama
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica, Setor de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Yoshinaga Tonholo Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica, Setor de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Fortaleza CE, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica, Setor de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Neurologia Clínica, Setor de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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2
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Wang LL, Thompson TA, Shih RY, Ajam AA, Bulsara K, Burns J, Davis MA, Ivanidze J, Kalnins A, Kuo PH, Ledbetter LN, Pannell JS, Pollock JM, Shakkottai VG, Shih RD, Soares BP, Soderlund KA, Utukuri PS, Woolsey S, Policeni B. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Dizziness and Ataxia: 2023 Update. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:S100-S125. [PMID: 38823940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Diagnostic evaluation of a patient with dizziness or vertigo is complicated by a lack of standardized nomenclature, significant overlap in symptom descriptions, and the subjective nature of the patient's symptoms. Although dizziness is an imprecise term often used by patients to describe a feeling of being off-balance, in many cases dizziness can be subcategorized based on symptomatology as vertigo (false sense of motion or spinning), disequilibrium (imbalance with gait instability), presyncope (nearly fainting or blacking out), or lightheadedness (nonspecific). As such, current diagnostic paradigms focus on timing, triggers, and associated symptoms rather than subjective descriptions of dizziness type. Regardless, these factors complicate the selection of appropriate diagnostic imaging in patients presenting with dizziness or vertigo. This document serves to aid providers in this selection by using a framework of definable clinical variants. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily L Wang
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Trevor A Thompson
- Research Author, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert Y Shih
- Panel Chair, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Ketan Bulsara
- UCONN Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, Neurosurgery expert
| | | | - Melissa A Davis
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Committee on Emergency Radiology-GSER
| | | | | | - Phillip H Kuo
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | | | | | | | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; American Academy of Neurology
| | - Richard D Shih
- Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; American College of Emergency Physicians
| | - Bruno P Soares
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | - Sarah Woolsey
- Association for Utah Community Health, Salt Lake City, Utah; American Academy of Family Physicians
| | - Bruno Policeni
- Specialty Chair, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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3
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Corazza LA, Reis Rosa AB, Tonholo Silva TY, Rezende Filho FM, Maranhão-Filho PA, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Espay AJ. Functional ataxia in a specialized ataxia center. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:106006. [PMID: 38244461 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional gait is a disorder of ambulation and balance internally inconsistent and incongruent with the phenotypic spectrum of neurological gait disorders. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to clinically characterize patients with functional ataxia. METHODS Patients with functional ataxia were analyzed out of 1350 patients in Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo circa 2008 to 2022. RESULTS Thirteen patients (1 %) presented with functional ataxia; all female, with a median age of 34.8 years. Six (46.2 %) had psychiatric comorbidities and 7 (53.8 %) endorsed a trigger. Diagnostic features included variable base and stride (100 %), "huffing and puffing" (30.7 %), knee-buckling (30.7 %), uneconomic posturing (38.5 %), tightrope walking (23 %), and trembling gait (15.4 %). Remarkably, no falls were reported in any case. 53.8 % recovered fully or partially, despite no treatment. CONCLUSIONS Variability of base and stride are universal features of functional ataxia, yet falls are inconspicuous. Functional Ataxia is rare even in a specialized ataxia center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Alves Corazza
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Bragança Reis Rosa
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Yoshinaga Tonholo Silva
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Moura Rezende Filho
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, James J and Joan A Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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4
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Anti-Tr/DNER antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia: three rare cases report and literature review. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:397-403. [PMID: 36094774 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report three cases of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia related to anti-delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (Tr/DNER) antibodies. CASE PRESENTATION Patients with unknown cerebellar ataxia were screened with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA)-related antibody panel. The anti-Tr antibody was positive in three female patients in whom the onset ages were 43 years, 35 years and 43 years old. The antibody titres of serum and cerebrospinal fluid were all 1:32. Cerebral ataxia was the most prominent presentation. Mild cerebellar atrophy was found in one of the patients. Immunotherapy was effective in all three patients. CONCLUSION The Tr antibody is associated with autoimmune ataxia, and it has been suggested that the anti-Tr antibody should be tested in patients with cerebellar ataxia who are negative for routine ACA antibodies. Early immunotherapy may improve patient prognoses.
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5
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Raslan IR, Barsottini OG, Pedroso JL. A Proposed Clinical Classification and a Diagnostic Approach for Congenital Ataxias. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e328-e336. [PMID: 34484907 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review proposes a clinical classification for congenital ataxias based on clinical features, neuroimaging, and course of the disease. Recent Findings Congenital ataxias are an unusual group of neurologic disorders, with heterogeneous clinical and genetic presentation. Typical clinical features of congenital ataxias include variable degrees of motor developmental delay, very early onset cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, and hypotonia, frequently mistakenly diagnosed as cerebral palsy. Congenital ataxias are usually nonprogressive. Neuroimaging plays an important role in the characterization of congenital ataxias. Despite the development of genetics with exome sequencing, several congenital ataxias remain undetermined, and medical literature on this topic is scarce. Summary A didactic classification based on the clinical and neuroimaging features for congenital ataxias include the following 4 main groups: cerebellar malformation, syndromic congenital ataxias, congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A diagnostic approach for congenital ataxias is proposed, and its differential diagnosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rocha Raslan
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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da Graça FF, Peluzzo TM, Bonadia LC, Martinez ARM, Diniz de Lima F, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Gama MTD, Akçimen F, Dion PA, Rouleau GA, Marques W, França MC. Diagnostic Yield of Whole Exome Sequencing for Adults with Ataxia: a Brazilian Perspective. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:49-54. [PMID: 33956305 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies using whole exome sequencing (WES) have shown that a significant proportion of adult patients with undiagnosed ataxia in European and North American cohorts have a known genetic cause. Little is known about the diagnostic yield of WES in non-Caucasian ataxic populations. Herein, we used WES to investigate a Brazilian cohort of 76 adult patients with idiopathic ataxia previously screened for trinucleotide expansions in known ataxia genes. We collected clinical and radiological data from each patient. WES was performed following standard procedures. Only variants labeled as pathogenic or likely pathogenic according to American college of medical genetics and genomics (ACMG) criteria were retrieved. We determined the diagnostic yield of WES for the whole cohort and also for subgroups defined according to presence or not of pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar atrophy. There were 41 women and 35 men. Mean age at testing was 48 years. Pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy, tremor, and cerebellar atrophy were found in 38.1%, 13.1%, 10.5%, and 68.3% of all subjects, respectively. Diagnostic yield of WES was 35.5%. Thirty-six distinct mutations were found in 20 different genes, determining the diagnosis of 18 autosomal recessive and 9 autosomal dominant ataxias. SACS and SPG7 were the most frequently found underlying genes. WES performed better in the subgroup with vs the subgroup without spasticity (p = 0.005). WES was diagnostic in 35.5% of cases of the Brazilian cohort of ataxia cases. These results have implications for diagnosis, genetic counseling and eventually treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Franco da Graça
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Peluzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cardoso Bonadia
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Rolim Muro Martinez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Diniz de Lima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fulya Akçimen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcondes Cavalcante França
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
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7
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Pedroso JL, de Rezende Pinto WBV, Barsottini OGP, Oliveira ASB. Should we investigate mitochondrial disorders in progressive adult-onset undetermined ataxias? CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2020; 7:13. [PMID: 32922825 PMCID: PMC7444269 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-020-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the broad development of next-generation sequencing approaches recently, such as whole-exome sequencing, diagnostic workup of adult-onset progressive cerebellar ataxias without remarkable family history and with negative genetic panel testing for SCAs remains a complex and expensive clinical challenge. Case presentation In this article, we report a Brazilian man with adult-onset slowly progressive pure cerebellar ataxia, which developed neuropathy and hearing loss after fifteen years of ataxia onset, in which a primary mitochondrial DNA defect (MERRF syndrome - myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers) was confirmed through muscle biopsy evaluation and whole-exome sequencing. Conclusions Mitochondrial disorders are a clinically and genetically complex and heterogenous group of metabolic diseases, resulting from pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA. In our case, a correlation with histopathological changes identified on muscle biopsy helped to clarify the definitive diagnosis. Moreover, in neurodegenerative and neurogenetic disorders, some symptoms may be evinced later during disease course. We suggest that late-onset and adult pure undetermined ataxias should be considered and investigated for mitochondrial disorders, particularly MERRF syndrome and other primary mitochondrial DNA defects, together with other more commonly known nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Pedro de Toledo Street, 650. ZIP CODE: 04039-002. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Pedro de Toledo Street, 650. ZIP CODE: 04039-002. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
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8
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Deafness and Vestibulopathy in Cerebellar Diseases: a Practical Approach. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 18:1011-1016. [PMID: 31154624 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a clinically heterogeneous group of neurological disorders. Besides the cerebellum, several forms of hereditary ataxias or non-genetic ataxias also affect other areas of the brain. Some forms of cerebellar ataxias may have cochlear and vestibular involvement and may present with deafness and symptoms or signs of vestibulopathy (dizziness, nystagmus and diplopia). Recognizing otoneurological symptoms in patients with cerebellar ataxias is mandatory, since these signs may guide a specific diagnosis, and clinicians may provide a suitable therapeutic approach. In this review, we describe and discuss the most common forms of cerebellar ataxias associated with deafness and vestibulopathy.
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9
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Gana S, Valente EM. Movement Disorders in Genetic Pediatric Ataxias. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:383-393. [PMID: 32373654 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic pediatric ataxias are heterogeneous rare disorders, mainly inherited as autosomal-recessive traits. Most forms are progressive and lack effective treatment, with relevant socioeconomical impact. Albeit ataxia represents the main clinical feature, the phenotype can be more complex, with additional neurological and nonneurological signs being described in several forms. Methods and Results In this review, we provide an overview of the occurrence and spectrum of movement disorders in the most relevant forms of childhood-onset genetic ataxias. All types of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders of variable severity have been reported. Movement disorders occasionally represent the symptom of onset, predating ataxia even of a few years and therefore challenging an early diagnosis. Their pathogenesis still remains poorly defined, as it is not yet clear whether movement disorders may directly relate to the cerebellar pathology or result from an extracerebellar dysfunction, including the basal ganglia. Conclusion Recognition of the complete movement disorder phenotype in genetic pediatric ataxias has important implications for diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
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10
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Jaques CS, de Moraes MPM, Silva EAR, Coimbra-Neto AR, Martinez ARM, Camargos ST, Cardoso F, França MC, Nucci A, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP. Characterisation of ataxia in Sjogren's syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:446-448. [PMID: 32015088 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saade Jaques
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Pinheiro Moraes de Moraes
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto R M Martinez
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sarah Teixeira Camargos
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anamarli Nucci
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Fujino MVT, Ciarlariello VB, José da Rocha A, Almeida MD, Barsottini OGP, Pedroso JL. The cerebellar form of acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: The hepatic ataxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 72:72-74. [PMID: 32113071 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reports a patient with acquired hepatocerebral degeneration that presented with progressive cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and middle cerebellar peduncle lesions. He had a marked improvement after liver transplantation. We reinforce that hepatic failure should be investigated in patients with pure cerebellar syndrome, resembling neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Boaratti Ciarlariello
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio José da Rocha
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Pedroso JL, Vale TC, Braga-Neto P, Dutra LA, França MC, Teive HAG, Barsottini OGP. Acute cerebellar ataxia: differential diagnosis and clinical approach. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 77:184-193. [PMID: 30970132 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in neurological practice and has a wide variety of causes, ranging from the chronic and slowly-progressive cerebellar degenerations to the acute cerebellar lesions due to infarction, edema and hemorrhage, configuring a true neurological emergency. Acute cerebellar ataxia is a syndrome that occurs in less than 72 hours, in previously healthy subjects. Acute ataxia usually results in hospitalization and extensive laboratory investigation. Clinicians are often faced with decisions on the extent and timing of the initial screening tests, particularly to detect treatable causes. The main group of diseases that may cause acute ataxias discussed in this article are: stroke, infectious, toxic, immune-mediated, paraneoplastic, vitamin deficiency, structural lesions and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the etiologic and diagnostic considerations for acute ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Pedroso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Unidade de Neurologia Geral e de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital Universitário, Juiz de Fora MG, Brasil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Divisão de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brasil
| | - Lívia Almeida Dutra
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Unidade de Neurologia Geral e de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brasil.,Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | | | - Hélio A G Teive
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Neurologia, Setor de Distúrbios do Movimento, Curitiba PR, Brasil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Unidade de Neurologia Geral e de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brasil
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13
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Oyinbo C, Robert F, Avwioro O, Igbigbi P. Jobelyn suppresses hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and necrosis in experimental alcohol-induced brain stress. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:317-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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14
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Pearce MC, Choy G, Chen RC. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (191). Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C). Singapore Med J 2018; 59:550-554. [PMID: 30386855 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 49-year-old Chinese man was evaluated for progressive uncoordinated movements, dysphagia and urinary symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cruciform pattern of T2-weighted hyperintensity within the pons and selective atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres and pons. The clinical history and radiological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type. This article discussed the background, proposed mechanisms, diagnosis, radiological characteristics, prognosis and management of multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garry Choy
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Chun Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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de Assis Franco I, Aragão MDM, Braga-Neto P, Avelino MA, Pedroso JL, Marussi VHR, Freitas LF, Masruha MR, Barsottini OGP. The cerebellar histiocytosis. Neurology 2018; 91:357-359. [PMID: 30021921 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor de Assis Franco
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Melo Aragão
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Marcela Amaral Avelino
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Rocha Marussi
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Furtado Freitas
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- From the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (I.d.A.F., M.d.M.A., M.A.A., J.L.P., M.R.M., O.G.P.B.); Universidade Federal do Ceará (P.B.-N.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (V.H.R.M., L.F.F.), Brazil
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Quintas S, López Ruiz R, Zapata-Wainberg G, Vivancos J. Rapidly progressing cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Quintas S, Ruiz RL, Zapata-Wainberg G, Vivancos J. Ataxia cerebelosa rápidamente progresiva asociada a anticuerpos anti-GAD. Neurologia 2018; 33:273-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Pedroso JL, Vale TC, Gama MTD, Ribas G, Kristochik JCG, Germiniani FMB, Fink MCDDS, Oliveira ACPD, Teive HAG, Barsottini OG. Cerebellar degeneration and progressive ataxia associated with HIV-virus infection. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 54:95-98. [PMID: 29643006 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spectrum of neurologic disorders associated with HIV infection is very broad, resulting from direct virus invasion, opportunistic infections, malignancies and toxic effects of drugs. METHODS Among a large cohort of ataxia patients (N = 1050) evaluated between 2008 and 2017, we detected four patients with HIV-infection who developed a pure progressive cerebellar ataxia syndrome combined with cerebellar atrophy. RESULTS Adverse drug effects, opportunistic infections and malignancies as well as immune-reconstitution syndrome were ruled out based on history and laboratory data. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of ataxia in HIV patients is not very clear, but seems to be immune-mediated or a direct neurotoxic virus effect leading to apoptosis of Purkinje and granular cells. CONCLUSION HIV infection should be investigated in adult patients with undetermined sporadic progressive pure ataxia with cerebellar atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Thereza Drumond Gama
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ribas
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Julio C G Kristochik
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco M B Germiniani
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helio A G Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article introduces the background and common etiologies of ataxia and provides a general approach to assessing and managing the patient with ataxia. RECENT FINDINGS Ataxia is a manifestation of a variety of disease processes, and an underlying etiology needs to be investigated. Pure ataxia is rare in acquired ataxia disorders, and associated symptoms and signs almost always exist to suggest an underlying cause. While the spectrum of hereditary degenerative ataxias is expanding, special attention should be addressed to those treatable and reversible etiologies, especially potentially life-threatening causes. This article summarizes the diseases that can present with ataxia, with special attention given to diagnostically useful features. While emerging genetic tests are becoming increasingly available for hereditary ataxia, they cannot replace conventional diagnostic procedures in most patients with ataxia. Special consideration should be focused on clinical features when selecting a cost-effective diagnostic test. SUMMARY Clinicians who evaluate patients with ataxia should be familiar with the disease spectrum that can present with ataxia. Following a detailed history and neurologic examination, proper diagnostic tests can be designed to confirm the clinical working diagnosis.
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Late-Onset Friedreich’s Ataxia (LOFA) Mimicking Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Type 2: What Is Similar and What Is Different? THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 16:599-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vale TC, Pedroso JL, Alquéres RA, Dutra LA, Barsottini OGP. Spontaneous downbeat nystagmus as a clue for the diagnosis of ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies. J Neurol Sci 2015; 359:21-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pinto WBVDR, Pedroso JL, Souza PVSD, Albuquerque MVCD, Barsottini OGP. Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia and previous undetermined acute cerebellar injury: a mysterious clinical condition. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 73:823-7. [PMID: 26291991 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias represent a wide group of neurological diseases secondary to dysfunctions of cerebellum or its associated pathways, rarely coursing with acute-onset acquired etiologies and chronic non-progressive presentation. We evaluated patients with acquired non-progressive cerebellar ataxia that presented previous acute or subacute onset. Clinical and neuroimaging characterization of adult patients with acquired non-progressive ataxia were performed. Five patients were identified with the phenotype of acquired non-progressive ataxia. Most patients presented with a juvenile to adult-onset acute to subacute appendicular and truncal cerebellar ataxia with mild to moderate cerebellar or olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Establishing the etiology of the acute triggering events of such ataxias is complex. Non-progressive ataxia in adults must be distinguished from hereditary ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral e Unidade de Ataxia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral e Unidade de Ataxia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral e Unidade de Ataxia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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