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Oliveira CRS, Sousa CCVD, Torres JL. Who are the sexual and gender minorities who frequently interact with children and their association with healthcare. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e19222023. [PMID: 38655963 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024294.19222023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic profile of sexual and gender minorities who regularly interact with children and investigate whether such frequent interactions are associated with healthcare factors. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the LGBT+ Health Survey in Brazil, conducted online and anonymously from August to November 2020 with 958 participants. Regular interaction with children was defined as living with children or engaging in bi-weekly face-to-face meetings with children residing in different households. Healthcare factors encompass having a professional or reference service, feeling comfortable in discussing personal issues, and receiving worse quality medical or hospital care. The statistical analysis used the Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of interaction with children was 5.3%. We observed a statistically higher prevalence among cisgender women (13.4%) and Black/brown and other non-white people (7.9%) after adjusting for age. The results showed a positive association only between regular interaction with children and worse-quality medical or hospital care received (PR=6.00; 95%CI 1.22-29.67). These findings highlight a persistent stigma and prejudice within healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rafaella Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Carolina Campos Vieira de Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Juliana Lustosa Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Abreu PD, Andrade RLP, Maza ILS, Faria MGBF, Valença ABM, Araújo EC, Palha PF, Arcêncio RA, Pinto IC, Ballestero JGA, Almeida SA, Nogueira JA, Monroe AA. Support for Mothers, Fathers, or Guardians of Transgender Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review on the Dynamics of Secondary Social Networks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148652. [PMID: 35886503 PMCID: PMC9319694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Mothers', fathers', or guardians' support for disclosures of diverse gender identity has significant relationships with decreased suicidality for transgender children and adolescents. They play an essential role in facing transphobia, protecting trans children, and strengthening the expression of their identity. These guardians need structural, emotional, and informative support; they need to be prepared to recognize and manage of their own feelings, as well as deal with the challenges that come with new social contexts of transphobia in schools, health institutions, and other community spaces. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the dynamics of secondary social networks to support mothers, fathers, or guardians of transgender children and adolescents. This is a systematic review of qualitative studies, guided by PRISMA guidelines. Controlled and free vocabularies were used to survey the primary studies in the following databases: EMBASE; Scopus; MEDLINE; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); PsycInfo; Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); and Web of Science. A total of 28 articles made up the final sample of this review. Secondary social networks were described as fragile, characterized by conflicting and broken ties with healthcare services and professionals, isolation and unpreparedness from schools, and emotional and informational support from peer groups and some qualified healthcare professionals. The literature shows the potential of the dynamics of secondary social support networks; however, it presented the unpreparedness of professionals and institutional policies for welcoming transgender children and adolescents and their families, with the peer group being the main emotional and informative support network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula D. Abreu
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Rubia L. P. Andrade
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3407
| | - Israel L. S. Maza
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mariana G. B. F. Faria
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ana B. M. Valença
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.B.M.V.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Ednaldo C. Araújo
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.B.M.V.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Pedro F. Palha
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ricardo A. Arcêncio
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ione C. Pinto
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Jaqueline G. A. Ballestero
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Sandra A. Almeida
- Clinical Nursing Department, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (S.A.A.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Jordana A. Nogueira
- Clinical Nursing Department, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (S.A.A.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Aline A. Monroe
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (I.L.S.M.); (M.G.B.F.F.); (P.F.P.); (R.A.A.); (I.C.P.); (J.G.A.B.); (A.A.M.)
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Dynamics of Primary Social Networks to Support Mothers, Fathers, or Guardians of Transgender Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137941. [PMID: 35805599 PMCID: PMC9265819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mothers, fathers, or guardians of children and adolescents who do not identify with the gender they were assigned at birth face barriers in their social network to recognize their children’s gender identity. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the dynamics of primary social networks to support mothers, fathers, or guardians of transgender children and adolescents. This is a systematic review of qualitative studies guided by the PRISMA guidelines. Controlled and free vocabulary were used to survey the studies in the EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Web of Science databases. A total of 21 studies composed the final sample. Primary social networks were described as fragile and conflicting family/blood relationship ties with disapproval, isolation, rejection, a lack of understanding, and feelings of exclusion were expressed. Some have lost friends, reported tension in marriage and with relatives, and were commonly treated with hostility and harassment. Social transition does take place in the mutual context of struggle and resistance which demands a support network for parents or guardians.
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