Project K: Training for hospital-community safe transition

Participation of Nursing Students in Evidence-Based Practice Projects: Results of Two Focus Groups

The development of true evidence-based practice requires that practitioners have the knowledge and skills to research, analyze, and use evidence. These skills must be acquired in pre-graduate training. The objective of the present study was to analyze the contributions of students’ participation in knowledge translation projects to clinical practice for evidence-based learning. This was a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study that used focus groups. Scripted interviews were administered. The design of the study included five phases and took place in the partnering institutions of the Safety Transition Project, involving fifteen participants. The study was authorized by the Research Ethics Committee. The data were analyzed following the steps encoding the categories, storage and recovery, and (3) interpretation and using computer software (WebQDA^®, Ludomédia, Aveiro, Portugal). Four categories were identified: learning evidence; communicating science; evidence-based practice; and developing skills. The successful implementation of evidence-based practice education resulted in students who understand its importance and use it competently. Further research should explore the skills developed by nurses involved in similar projects and their contribution to an EBP culture.

Transitional rehabilitation care and patient care continuity as an advanced nursing practice

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the needs and facilitating and hindering elements related to transitional rehabilitation care. Methods: Integrative literature review oriented toward answering the question “What nursing interventions guarantee transitional rehabilitation care to dependent adult or elderly people when they return home after hospitalization?”. Results: The patients did not participate much in the planning of hospital discharge and decision-making when they had to return home. Informal caretakers reported that professionals showed detachment during hospitalization and delayed guiding instructions. Health professionals mentioned lack of time to offer this care modality as a difficulty. Final considerations: Ensuring training, follow-up, and coordination between care levels is essential. Care integration can reduce hospital stay and the impact of post-discharge complications. Transitional care contributes to a sustainable health system, higher care quality, and client satisfaction.

Factors associated with the skills of informal caregivers in home care

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with cognitive, emotional, psychomotor, and relational skills of informal caregivers in home care. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 216 informal caregivers residing in a municipality in the state of Paraná. Data collection took place between February and July 2019, with an instrument developed and validated to assess the skills of informal caregivers. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used. Results: The factors associated with a greater competence of informal caregivers were being female, having training in the field, and having more than five years home care experience. The lowest competence was observed in caregivers who had health problems and belonged to the lowest strata of family purchasing power. Participants had lower scores in psychomotor competence and had better results in cognitive competence. Conclusion: It was found that women with experience in care had higher levels of competence to provide quality care at home assistance services.

The care offered by nurses to elders with coronary artery disease from the perspective of Transitions Theory

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the planning and implementation of the care offered by nurses to elders with coronary disease during the hospital-house transition.

METHODS

Qualitative research that used the Transitions Theory as a theoretical reference. The participants were 12 nurses who work in a hospital that specializes in cardiology, in the city of Salvador-BA. A semistructured interview was carried out from January to February 2018, and the data was analyzed using the Content Analysis technique.

RESULTS

Transition care takes place on the day of discharge. The presence of the family was found to be a facilitator; low adherence, poor financial situations, the low educational levels inhibited its implementation. The rehospitalization is an indicator of the results of the transition of care.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

The planning and implementation of transition care is not effective. It must provide safety in the management of self-care in the home of elders with coronary disease and their families.

Algorithm for transitional care for caregivers of dependent older adults: a validation study

OBJECTIVE

To construct and validate an algorithm for transitional care for caregivers of dependent older adults.

METHOD

This was a methodological study developed in three phases: a literature review, designing an algorithm, and its validation by a peer panel with twenty-seven experts selected according to pre-defined inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

The algorithm predicted interventions in transitional care (hospital stay, at discharge, and 30 days at home post-discharge) aimed at the exercise of the caregiver role; needs assessment; training in care management of dependent older adults and management of self-care, and ensuring continuity of care (of older adults and caregivers).

CONCLUSION

Agreement between expert raters and a reliability test of 0.92 indicate that the algorithm can be used by professionals to decide the transitional care interventions to be administered to the caregivers of dependent older adults. Future studies should be conducted to perform its clinical validation.

Transitional care to caregivers of dependent older people: an integrative literature review

OBJECTIVE

To identify the needs of caregivers of dependent older people related to self-care in the transition from hospital to home.

METHODS

Integrative literature review that followed a predefined protocol, carried out from March to May 2019 in the platforms EBSCO, B-On, Scopus, Web of Science, and Joanna Briggs Institute. Descriptors and eligibility criteria were defined for the bibliographic sample, which was ten articles. The search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2019 to guarantee evidence topicality.

RESULTS

The needs of caregivers related to transitional care can be grouped into five categories: needs in the transition into the role of caregiver; needs related to self-care of caregivers themselves; health needs; economic needs; and social and collective needs.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

The work developed by nurses regarding transitional care of caregivers must have two focuses: managing care provided to dependent older people and managing the needs of caregivers and the care offered to them.

Deinstitutionalization and network of mental health services: a new scene in health care

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the process of deinstitutionalization resulting from a psychiatric hospital shut down, and know the fate of users after dehospitalization.

METHOD

a descriptive, qualitative study based on the critical-analytical perspective, which had as its setting the Hospital Colônia de Rio Bonito. Institutional documents and narratives of five managers who participated in the deinstitutionalization process were analyzed.

RESULTS

Hospital Colônia deinstitutionalization lasted longer than expected. For this to happen, a tripartite intervention was necessary, and especially the mobilization of networks and implementation of Psychosocial Care Networks by the cities. Regarding destination of users, most were referred to therapeutic or transinstitutionalized residences. Final considerations: Hospital Colônia deinstitutionalization led to the establishment of connections between services and people. This was a powerful device for the implementation of Psychosocial Care Networks at municipal level.

Necessidades das famílias caboverdianas que convivem com o transtorno mental

RESUMO Objetivos Caracterizar as famílias usuárias de um serviço de psiquiatria em Cabo Verde/África, quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e aos transtornos mentais mais frequentes que acometem seus membros; identificar as necessidades consideradas prioritárias pelas famílias que convivem com a pessoa com transtorno mental neste contexto. Método Estudo qualitativo exploratório, realizado em 2016, com dados obtidos através de 100 prontuários de usuários em um serviço de psiquiatria, no período de 2010 a 2015, e entrevistas realizadas com 30 familiares desses usuários. Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados As famílias das pessoas com transtorno mental na ilha de Santiago são pobres, as cuidadoras são predominantemente do sexo feminino, solteiras e residentes na cidade da Praia. No cuidado ao familiar doente, enfrentam diversas dificuldades, como a falta de suporte por parte de profissionais e serviços de saúde e da rede social, acrescentando, ainda, o fato de não se sentirem incluídos no processo de cuidado e com delimitada capacitação para cuidar do familiar doente. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática Há a necessidade do reconhecimento da família como alvo de cuidados e capacitação para a continuidade dos cuidados ao familiar doente. O estudo aponta a necessidade de revisão das políticas de saúde, para aprimoramento dos cuidados de saúde mental na atenção primária.

Caregiver burden and stress in psychiatric hospital admission

OBJECTIVE

to evaluate the relation between sociodemographics factors, stress and burden of care of family caregivers of patients at a psychiatric hospital admission.

METHOD

quantitative study, with a cross-sectional correlation design. A total of 112 family caregivers participated, older than 18, in a Brazilian psychiatric hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect data, the Zarit Burden Interview and LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory.

RESULTS

burden of care in family caregivers at a psychiatric hospital admission was significantly associated with stress (p=0.000). The psychological symptoms of stress predicted severe burden. Most caregivers presented a moderate or severe burden, with 52.7% in the resistance phase of stress; 66.1% presented psychological symptoms.

CONCLUSION

results show the alarming situation of caregivers of patients from a psychiatric hospital, evidencing their own vulnerability to illness. Indeed, the during admission in a psychiatric hospital, not only patients need care, but also their caregivers.