1
|
Melo MGND, Reino IBDSM, Vaitkevicius-Antão V, Silva JMD, Júnior JNDS, Andrade AFD, Bezerra RP, Marques DDAV, Silva SDFFD, Araújo PSRD, Lorena VMBD, Morais RCSD, Paiva-Cavalcanti MD. Chlorella vulgaris extract and Imiquimod as new therapeutic targets for leishmaniasis: An immunological approach. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152779. [PMID: 38118344 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic regimen for the treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is targeted at the death of the parasite; therefore, it is essential to develop a treatment that can act on the parasite, combined with the modulation of the inflammatory profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to make an in vitro evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) and Imiquimod for ATL. Selectivity indices (SI) were determined by inhibitory concentration assays (IC50) in L. braziliensis cells and cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) were measured in human cells using the MTT method, based on the CV microalgae extract (IC50 concentrations of 15.63 to 500 µg/mL; CC50 concentrations of 62.5-1000 µg/mL) in comparison with the reference drugs and Imiquimod. The immune response was evaluated in healthy human cells by gene expression (RT-qPCR) and cytokine production (Flow Cytometry). The CV extract (SI = 6.89) indicated promising results by showing higher SI than meglumine antimoniate (SI = 3.44) (reference drug). In all analyses, CV presented a protective profile by stimulating the production of Th1 profile cytokines to a larger extent than the reference drugs. Imiquimod showed a high expression for Tbx21, GATA3, RORc and Foxp3 genes, with increased production only of the TNF cytokine. Therefore, the data highlight the natural extract and Imiquimod as strong therapeutic or adjuvant candidates against ATL, owing to modulation of immune response profiles, low toxicity in human cells and toxic action on the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Vaitkevicius-Antão
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jady Moreira da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Noé da Silva Júnior
- Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra
- Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departament of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almazán MC, Cajal SP, Díaz-Fernández M, Juárez M, Quipildor M, Portal G, Tejerina V, Vargas C, Copa GN, Gil JF, Cimino RO, Krolewiecki AJ. Clinical Presentation of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Endemic Hotspot: A 35-Year History. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:804-810. [PMID: 37604471 PMCID: PMC10551066 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a neglected tropical disease affecting the skin and mucosa. American tegumentary leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is endemic in Argentina, where the Department of Oran is a hyperendemic focus. All cases of ATL with laboratory confirmation evaluated at a referral center in Oran city between 1985 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Information from cases included clinical form, lesion size and number, time of evolution, and anatomical location; sex, age, and geographic origin were also studied. The temporal distribution of cases was analyzed. A total of 3,573 cases were included in the analysis. The ratio of males to females was 3:1 and the median age was 33 years old. Eighty-seven percent of cases were from Oran city and its surroundings, highlighting the hyperendemic nature of the area. Regarding clinical forms, 92.5% of cases were cutaneous and 7.5% were mucosal, with a median evolution time until clinical evaluation of 30 days and 7 months, respectively. Single cutaneous lesions were more frequent, localized mainly on the exposed areas in the upper and lower limbs. Secondary events were observed and described in 140 (4%) cases, with a median interval of 3.8 years for the appearance of recurrent mucosal disease in previously cutaneous forms. This is the largest case series of ATL due to L. (V.) braziliensis. The most classic presentation is of adult males with single cutaneous ulcers in exposed body areas, with < 10% of cases with mucosal complications. This comprehensive clinical characterization serves as a basis for future studies of the care and control of this neglected tropical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - Silvana Pamela Cajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
| | - Melisa Díaz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
| | - Marisa Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Quipildor
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- División Infectología, Hospital San Vicente de Paul, Orán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Portal
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tejerina
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Rubén Oscar Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Salta, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva DFD, Gadelha SQ, Cavalcante ADS, Andrade RVD, Guerra JADO, Gadelha ADR. Mutilating localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:419-421. [PMID: 36863980 PMCID: PMC10173063 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fabrício da Silva
- Department of Dermatology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Sidharta Quercia Gadelha
- Department of Dermatology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Rosilene Viana de Andrade
- Department of Dermatology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Alcidarta Dos Reis Gadelha
- Department of Dermatopathology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almeida AP, Paulo PFMD, Pereira Júnior AM, Gujanwski CDA, Ferreira V, Costa GDS, Rodrigues MMDS, Ferreira RDGM, Medeiros JF. Occurrence of Leishmania infection in the immediate geographic region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e02122021. [PMID: 34431943 PMCID: PMC8405217 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0212-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the immediate region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State. METHODS Samples and epidemiological data were collected from 105 patients. RESULTS Leishmania infection was observed in 58 (55.2%) patients, and Leishmania braziliensis was present in 82.9% of the 41 sequenced samples. Infected patients were predominantly male (93.1%). Leishmania infection was twice as prevalent among rural inhabitants versus urban inhabitants. Lesions were more frequent in the upper limbs (arms/hands, 41.82%). CONCLUSIONS The present data corroborate the zoonotic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis; this information could help to improve surveillance and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliny Pontes Almeida
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil
| | | | - Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | | | - Valéria Ferreira
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil
| | - Glaucilene da Silva Costa
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brasil.,Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | | | - Ricardo de Godoi Mattos Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAMO), Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|