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Iqbal G, Javed H, Raza FA, Gohar UF, Fatima W, Khurshid M. Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Real-Time PCR. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:3995366. [PMID: 37261378 PMCID: PMC10228213 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3995366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus and is a growing concern for public health worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a commercially available NS1 ELISA kit for dengue fever in Pakistan using multiplex qRT-PCR as the gold standard. The study recruited 1236 suspected cases of dengue fever admitted to public sector hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Of the suspected cases, 610 (49.3%) were confirmed positive for DENV infection through qRT-PCR, with all four serotypes detected. DENV-2 was the most prevalent serotype, detected in 95.7% of cases. The NS1 ELISA kit detected 71.1% of the positive cases. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the NS1 ELISA kit was found to be only 64.89%. Of the 610 confirmed cases, 68% were male and 32% were female, with a median age of 30 years. Dengue fever was diagnosed in 91.8% of cases, while 8.2% were diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF patients had a higher prevalence of abdominal pain, hemorrhagic manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. The cocirculation of all four DENV serotypes in Lahore is concerning and could lead to more severe forms of the disease, such as DHF or dengue shock syndrome, in the future. The study highlights the low diagnostic accuracy of commercially available NS1 ELISA kits and emphasizes the importance of using molecular methods to confirm acute dengue infections. Given the increasing prevalence of dengue fever in developing countries like Pakistan, more accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are needed for effective disease management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Iqbal
- Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory, Punjab AIDS Control Program, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Javed
- Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory, Punjab AIDS Control Program, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ahmed Raza
- Health Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Research Centre, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Warda Fatima
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khattak A, Khan S, Ali I, Gul A, Khabir MN, Javed B, Adnan M, Khan SN, Attaullah S. Burden and distribution of dengue infection in Pakistan (2000-19): a review. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e267982. [PMID: 37075435 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.267982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to review the overall prevalence, burden, and distribution of the dengue disease in Pakistan from 2000 to 2019. Literature was searched using different search engines like Google scholar, PubMed, etc. providing the keywords "Dengue disease/infection, Dengue virus, DENV, DF/DHF/ DSS Pakistan". All the published research papers/reports on the dengue virus over the period 2000 to 2019 were studied and selected data were summarized using MS Excel for windows such as total cases, age wise, gender, DENV serotype distribution, total DHF, and DSS patients. The literature providing insufficient data was excluded. The total number of cases reported during 2000-19 were 201,269. The maximum number of cases during the mentioned literature survey period was reported in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (23.3%) followed by Punjab (3.8%) and Sindh (1.9%). The majority of dengue-infected cases were reported as Dengue fever (74.4%) followed by DHF (24.1%) and DSS (1.5%). Overall the deaths during the mentioned literature survey were 1082, of which the maximum mortalities were reported from KP (N=248) followed by Punjab (N=220). DENV remains a major public health problem in Pakistan and seems to remain endemic for a long time. The total prevalence of dengue infection is increased accordingly with time from 2000 to 2019. Moreover, all the four serotypes exist in Pakistan with increased mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khattak
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Ali
- Gulf University for Science and Technology, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait
- COMSATS University, Department of Biosciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Gul
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M N Khabir
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B Javed
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Adnan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S N Khan
- Kohat University of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - S Attaullah
- Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ferreira DTDO, Atanaka M, Martinez Espinosa M, Schuler-Faccini L, da Silva Caldeira A, da Silva JH, Vivi-Oliveira VK, de Castro da Paz R, do Nascimento VF, Terças-Trettel ACP. Recent dengue virus infection: epidemiological survey on risk factors associated with infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:33-41. [PMID: 34852169 PMCID: PMC9623843 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0718.r1.18052021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is considered to be the most important arbovirus worldwide, with important complications that increase its lethality. In Brazil, an endemic country, the disease reaches significant incidence levels, with occurrences of serious cases and high costs of hospitalizations for its treatment. OBJECTIVE To analyze risk factors among individuals with recent histories of dengue infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. DESIGN AND SETTING Descriptive cross-sectional study, of epidemiological-survey type, conducted among the urban population of a city located in mid-northern Mato Grosso. METHODS A seroepidemiological survey using questionnaires and collection of biological material was conducted among 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years who had been selected through a cluster sampling process. Positive dengue cases were those with positive results from anti-dengue immunoassays (ELISA). Statistical analyses with descriptive and inferential techniques were used, with 95% confidence intervals and a 5% significance level. RESULTS The seroepidemiological profile of the study participants was predominantly female, with ages between 18 and 39 years, self-declared non-white race/color, not more than eight years of education and not living with a companion. Among the sanitary factors analyzed, the following were risk factors for dengue virus infection: no running water at home; no water supply from the public piped network; no waste from drains or toilets sent to the sewage network; endemic disease combat agents visiting the home; and presence of mosquito breeding sites at home. CONCLUSION Low schooling levels and previous dengue virus infection were associated with current dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandára Thaís de Oliveira Ferreira
- MSc. Nutritionist and Public Manager, Storage and Distribution Center for Medicines and Supplies of the Municipal Health Department, Várzea Grande (MT), Brazil.
| | - Marina Atanaka
- PhD. Nurse and Associate Professor IV, Postgraduate Program on Collective Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá campus, Cuiabá (MT), Brazil.
| | - Mariano Martinez Espinosa
- PhD. Statistician and Associate Professor IV, Postgraduate Program on Collective Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá campus, Cuiabá (MT), Brazil.
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Herrero da Silva
- MSc. Nurse and Technical Manager, Municipal Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Tangará da Serra (MT), Brazil.
| | | | - Rayana de Castro da Paz
- Specialist. Pharmacist, Biochemist and Technical Consultant, General Coordination Office for Health Laboratories, Health Surveillance Department, Ministry of Health, Brasília (DF), Brazil.
| | - Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento
- PhD. Nurse and Adjunct Professor II, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Tangará da Serra campus, Tangará da Serra (MT), Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettel
- PhD. Nurse and Adjunct Professor, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Tangará da Serra campus, Tangará da Serra (MT), Brazil; and Permanent Professor, Postgraduate Program on Collective Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá campus, Cuiabá (MT), Brazil.
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Alkhaldy I, Barnett R. Explaining Neighbourhood Variations in the Incidence of Dengue Fever in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13220. [PMID: 34948849 PMCID: PMC8706944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth and development of cities is a contributing factor to the rise and persistence of dengue fever (DF) in many areas around the world. Many studies have examined how neighbourhood environmental conditions contribute to dengue fever and its spread, but have not paid enough attention to links between socio-economic conditions and other factors, including population composition, population density, the presence of migrant groups, and neighbourhood environmental conditions. This study examines DF and its distribution across 56 neighbourhoods of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, where the incidence of dengue remains high. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis it focuses on the key ecological correlates of DF from 2006-2009, the years of the initial outbreak. Neighbourhood variations in average case rates per 10,000 population (2006-2009) were largely predicted by the Saudi gender ratio and socio-economic status (SES), the respective beta coefficients being 0.56 and 0.32 (p < 0.001). Overall, 77.1% of cases occurred in the poorest neighbourhoods. SES effects, however, are complex and were partly mediated by neighbourhood population density and the presence of migrant groups. SES effects persisted after controls for both factors, suggesting the effect of other structural factors and reflecting a lack of DF awareness and the lack of vector control strategies in poorer neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood environmental conditions, as measured by the presence of surface water, were not significant. It is suggested that future research pay more attention to the different pathways that link neighbourhood social status to dengue and wider health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alkhaldy
- Department of Administrative and Human Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ross Barnett
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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Molecular and Haematological Analysis of Dengue Virus-3 Among Children in Lahore, Pakistan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae of the genus Flavivirus with worldwide distribution. Dengue fever is caused by any of four closely-related serotypes DENV, an emerging pandemic-prone viral disease in many regions of the world. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue virus genotypes and serotypes in children aged below 15 years in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: In this study, 112 serum samples were collected from clinically suspected dengue fever patients from March 2017 to December 2018 at different tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Regarding the patients’ age, the samples were divided into four groups from A to D (i.e., 0 - 1, 1 - 5, 5 - 10, and 10 - 15 years of age). Rapid immuno-chromatography (ICT) test was conducted on the collected serum samples, followed by quantitative RT-PCR for serotype of dengue virus. Results: Out of 112 samples, 34 samples were diagnosed as DENV positive by the rapid ICT screening method. No virus was detected in groups A and B, while three samples were positive in group C (1 boy and two girls), and 31 samples (23 boys and 8 girls) were positive in group D. The results of quantitative RT-PCR exclusively showed DEN-3 serotype in all the ICT positive samples. The results indicated that the prevalence of DEN-3 serotype in children was 100%, indicating that DEN-3 serotype might cause severe epidemics in the future in Lahore, Pakistan. Hematological analysis revealed an increase in hematocrits in 41.1% dengue-positive cases. Leucopenia was prominent in 79.4% of the cases, while Thrombocytopenia was reported in 70.5% of the participants. The biochemical analysis also indicated an increase in liver enzymes in patients (ALT 88%, AST 79%), while the lower levels of cholesterol (69 %) and serum albumin (25%) were also observed. Conclusions: Dengue virus spreads and grows quickly worldwide over a highly short time interval. Dengue fever claims for a significant number of lives. This study would help individuals know about the status of laboratory parameters in dengue fever and detect how to overcome the prevalence of Dengue virus.
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