1
|
Michalsky ÉM, de Oliveira Costa AC, Alonso C, de Oliveira Lara-Silva F, Pereira NCL, Pinheiro LC, de Marcos Neves DS, Fortes-Dias CL, Dias ES. Abundance of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) vectors in Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae074. [PMID: 38902893 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonoses caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of previously infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae). In Brazil, 2 types of leishmaniasis are endemic, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In Baldim, a municipality in the Espinhaço Range Biospere Reserve (ERBR), 5 autochthonous cases of TL, and one autochthonous case of VL were reported from 2017 to 2022. Owing to the lack of data on entomological fauna, we surveyed the occurrence and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies that could act as Leishmania vectors, as well as natural Leishmania infection. During 1 year, 918 sandfly specimens belonging to 12 species were collected. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (32.0%), a proven VL agent, followed by Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936) (20.7%), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (17.0%), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (12.2%), and Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (10.5%), all putative or proven TL agents. Seasonal fluctuations and endo-exophilic behavior were delineated for the main phlebotomine sandflies. The population of Lu. longipalpis was higher during the coolest and driest months, although different profiles were noted for the other species. Natural Leishmania infection was not detected in any of the 197 phlebotomine sandfly females analyzed. The results were compared with those previously obtained in other municipalities belonging to the ERBR. The presence of Leishmania vectors and human cases of leishmaniasis indicate a risk of Leishmania transmission in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érika Monteiro Michalsky
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Alonso
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leticia Cavalari Pinheiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Division of Science and Innovation, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Leishmaniases (LALEI), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Oliveira TCB, Sevá ADP, Neto JABC, Lopes UDL, Bresciani KDS. Finding Priority Areas in the Evaluation of Strategies for the Prevention of Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Municipality of Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:115. [PMID: 38787048 PMCID: PMC11125642 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and dogs. The infection is endemic in the municipality of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Given the role of dogs in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, strategies to enhance surveillance and reduce transmission are focused on dogs. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed records of canine visceral leishmaniasis from 2013 to 2022. According to this database, the prevalence of dogs testing positive for leishmaniasis fluctuated, with an average of 65.04% (6590/10,133). Cases were clustered in 10 statistically significant areas. Environmental analyses identified a significant geographical association between animals testing positive and higher vegetation density rates compared with animals testing negative. The period from sample collection to diagnosis and euthanasia, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry, correlated with disease prevalence and decreased over time. These findings serve to implement different action plans against leishmaniasis for each geographic region and to understand the impact and efforts of strategies in an endemic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Environmental and Agrarian Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - João Alfredo Biagi Camargo Neto
- Animal Health and Production Department, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil; (J.A.B.C.N.); (K.D.S.B.)
| | - Uelio de Lima Lopes
- Department of Environmental and Agrarian Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
- Animal Health and Production Department, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil; (J.A.B.C.N.); (K.D.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sevá ADP, Mao L, Galvis-Ovallos F, Oliveira KMM, Oliveira FBS, Albuquerque GR. Spatio-temporal distribution and contributing factors of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis: A comparative study in Bahia, Brazil. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 47:100615. [PMID: 38042540 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tegumentary (TL) and visceral (VL) leishmaniasis are neglected zoonotic diseases in Brazil, caused by different parasites and transmitted by various vector species. This study investigated and compared spatio-temporal patterns of TL and VL from 2007 to 2020 in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and their correlations with extrinsic factors. The results showed that the total number of cases of both TL and VL were decreasing. The number of municipalities with reported cases reduced for TL over time but remained almost unchanged for VL. There were few municipalities with reported both diseases. Statistical analysis showed that local TL incidence was associated positively with natural forest. Local VL incidence was associated positively with Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) vegetation. This study identified different patterns of occurrence of VL and TL and the risk areas that could be prioritized for epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil; Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, 330 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611-7315, USA
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Public Health Faculty, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Karenina Melo Miranda Oliveira
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bruno Souza Oliveira
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - George Rego Albuquerque
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, Nobi RCA, de Mello HES, Fortes-Dias CL, Dias ES. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100917. [PMID: 37652636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a dynamic disease in which transmission conditions change due to environmental and human behavioral factors. Epidemiological analyses have shown modifications in the spread profile and growing urbanization of the disease, justifying the expansion of endemic areas and increasing number of cases in dogs and humans. In the city of Belo Horizonte, located in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic, with a typical urban transmission pattern, but with different regional prevalence. This study was conducted at the Zoo of the Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte (FPMZB-BH), located in the Pampulha region, which is among the areas most severely affected by VL. This study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity of native phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), identify climatic variables that potentially affect the phenology of these insects, and determine the blood meal sources for female phlebotomine sand flies. To achieve this, 10 mammal enclosures in the zoo were selected using the presence of possible leishmaniasis reservoirs as a selection criterion, and sampled using light traps between August 2019 and August 2021. A total of 6034 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, indicating nine species, with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the very abundant species (65.35% of the total). Of the 108 engorged phlebotomine collected females, seven samples (6.5%) were positive for blood meals from humans, marsupials, canids, and birds. Relative humidity and rainfall increased the phenology of phlebotomine sand flies, with population increases in the hottest and wettest months. The data obtained will provide guidelines for competent health agencies to implement vector control measures to reduce the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in the FPMZB-BH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Cristina Lima Pereira
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érika Monteiro Michalsky
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Alonso
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cavalari Pinheiro
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira Lara-Silva
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathália Albergaria Lima
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina Celi Antunes Nobi
- Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte, Av. Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000, CEP 31365-450 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto Espírito Santo de Mello
- Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte, Av. Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000, CEP 31365-450 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, CEP 30550-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Silva BQ, Afonso MMDS, Freire LJM, de Santana ALF, Pereira-Colavite A, Rangel EF. Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 36555066 PMCID: PMC9784549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. The main objective was to evaluate the sand fly fauna among forest fragments and built areas, and its relationship with environmental conditions. HP light traps were placed in the studied areas from March 2019 to July 2021. A total of 2141 specimens of phlebotomines were captured, comprising nine genera and ten species. Temperature and humidity were significant and positive only in built areas. The diversity composition among forest fragments and built areas was different and the AVL vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, was the most prevalent species in built areas. The study showed that the built areas present differences in their richness and diversity of sand flies in relation to forest fragments, concluding that the conservation of forest areas, even if urban fragments, favors the diversity of phlebotomine species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Queiroz da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas José Macêdo Freire
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58052-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
do Socorro Carvalho Miranda C, Costa de Souza B, Carvalho Garcia Miranda Filgueiras T, de Sousa AM, Cibelle da Silva Peixoto M, Carvalho Garcia Miranda Filgueiras T, Carvalho Miranda FJ, Luiz Althoff S, Gladson Corrêa Carvalho R, Veiga Gonçalves N. Visceral Leishmaniasis and Land Use and Cover in the Carajás Integration Region, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100255. [PMID: 36287996 PMCID: PMC9611653 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem in the Amazon. Thus, we analyzed the spatial distribution of this disease and its relationship with epidemiological, socioeconomic, and environmental variables in the Carajás Integration Region, Pará state, from 2011 to 2020. Epidemiological data for this ecological study were obtained from the State Public Health Secretariat, environmental data were obtained from the National Space Research Institute, and socioeconomic data were obtained from the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute. ArcGIS 10.5.1 software was used for classifying land use and cover and for the Kernel and Moran spatial analyses. It was observed in 685 confirmed cases that the epidemiological profile followed the national pattern of the disease occurrence, with a high prevalence in children who were not school-aged. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with clusters related to different human activities, such as urbanization, ranching, and mining. A spatial dependence between the disease prevalence and socioeconomic indicators was observed. The municipalities presented gradients of case densities associated with a direct relationship between areas with cases and deforestation. The disease is developing due to risk factors such as establishment and maintenance related to the non-sustainable development model implemented in the region, pointing to the need for its revision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia do Socorro Carvalho Miranda
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, Para State University, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
- Superior School of Amazon, Belém 66053-180, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa de Souza
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, Para State University, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
- Cyberspace Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazon, Belém 66077-830, Brazil
| | | | - Alder Mourão de Sousa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, Para State University, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Luiz Althoff
- Animal Biology Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Blumenau Regional University, Blumenau 89012-078, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson Veiga Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, Para State University, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
- Cyberspace Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazon, Belém 66077-830, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza Fernandes W, de Oliveira Moura Infran J, Falcão de Oliveira E, Etelvina Casaril A, Petilim Gomes Barrios S, Lopes de Oliveira SL, Gutierrez de Oliveira A. Phlebotomine Sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Fauna and The Association Between Climatic Variables and The Abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato in an Intense Transmission Area for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Western Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:997-1007. [PMID: 35139201 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence, abundance, and distribution of sandflies are strongly influenced by climate and environmental changes. This study aimed to describe the sandfly fauna in an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis and to evaluate the association between the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato (Lutz & Neiva 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) and climatic variables. Captures were carried out 2 yr (July 2017 to June 2019) with automatic light traps in 16 sites of the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (mm3), and wind speed (km/h) were obtained by a public domain database. The Wilcoxon test compared the absolute frequencies of the species by sex. The association between climatic variables and the absolute frequency of Lu. longipalpis s.l. was assessed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. A total of 1,572 sandflies into four species were captured. Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. was the most abundant species and presented a significant correlation with the average temperature, humidity, and wind speed in different periods. Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. was captured in all months, showing its plasticity in diverse weather conditions. We emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of vectors and human and canine cases, providing data for surveillance and control actions to continue to be carried out in the municipality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde (INISA), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lucas Lopes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Impact of vector control actions in the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Montes Claros, Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106305. [PMID: 34998997 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic to many states in Brazil. To prevent further expansion of the disease, the Brazilian Ministry of Health adopted integrated measures through the Program of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (PSCVL), whose actions include the diagnosis and euthanasia of seropositive dogs (the main domestic reservoirs), the use of residual insecticides, environmental management (EM) to control vector population (mainly Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine), rigorous epidemiological surveillance, and health education. The present study was conducted in areas with recent moderate VL transmission to evaluate the efficacy of vector control activities. The systematic capture of phlebotomine was performed for three consecutive days per month, from August 2015 to July 2017. The number of specimens captured was taken as a representative of the monthly insect population. A total of 38,055 phlebotomine specimens were captured and identified at the species level. Lu. longipalpis was consistently found to be the predominant species (97.7%) each month. In the first year of the study, no intervention was performed. In the second year, two cycles of chemical spraying, EM, or a combination of both were performed before and after the rainy season. All interventions, either individually or in combination, reduced the abundance of Lu. longipalpis in the study area.
Collapse
|
9
|
Senne NA, Vilela TS, Sanavria A, Santos HA, Rabello RS, Angelo IC. Ecology and spatial distribution of sand fly species in low endemic areas for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:371-378. [PMID: 33403720 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fundamental role that sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) have in Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) transmission, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ecology and spatial distribution of species circulating in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 17 371 specimens were collected between August 2016 and July 2017, and five species were identified: Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939), Pintomyia pessoai (Coutinho & Barretto, 1940), and Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926). In relation to the number of sand flies collected, we observed a significant difference between rural and periurban areas and between the neighbourhoods. We observed that N. intermedia has a relatively greater adaptation to the peridomiciliary environment. This is the first report of Pi. pessoai and Pi. fischeri (only females) in Seropédica as well as the first record of the frequency of phlebotomine species focusing on some ecological indices and the spatial distribution of sand flies. The results presented here aimed to provide an insight into the spatial population dynamics of phlebotomine species in low endemic areas of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in Seropédica, highlighting important areas for entomological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Senne
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Sanavria
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H A Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R S Rabello
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I C Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopes JV, Michalsky ÉM, Pereira NCL, Paula AJVD, Souza AGM, Pinheiro LC, Lima ACVMDR, Avelar DMD, França-Silva JC, Lanzetta VAS, Melo JD, Fortes-Dias CL, Dias ES. Canine visceral leishmaniasis in area with recent Leishmania transmission: prevalence, diagnosis, and molecular identification of the infecting species. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200141. [PMID: 32935783 PMCID: PMC7491567 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0141-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is an endemic disease in Brazil, and
integrated control actions have been adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of
Health to control its spread. However, the transmission profile is unknown
in areas with recent CVL cases, including Itaúna, located in the Brazilian
state of Minas Gerais, where the present study was carried out. METHODS: A total of 2,302 dogs from 12 neighborhoods were serologically tested for
canine VL using the current diagnostic protocol adopted by the Brazilian
Ministry of Health. Test positivity rate (TPR) and CVL prevalence were
determined for each neighborhood. The presence of
Leishmania was assessed in 60 seropositive dogs which
had been recommended for euthanasia. Twenty-two of them (37%) were
asymptomatic, and 38 (63%) were symptomatic for CVL. Parasitological
(myeloculture and smear/imprint) and molecular (PCR) methods were employed
for Leishmania detection in bone marrow, spleen, mesenteric
lymph nodes, and ear skin. The infecting Leishmania species
was identified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: CVL prevalence (per 1,000 dogs) varied from 0.0-166.67, depending on the
neighborhood, with a mean of 68.96 (SD 51.38). Leishmania
DNA was detected in at least one tissue from all seropositive dogs, with
comparable TPR among tissues. Leishmania parasites were
identified in most (54/60) seropositive dogs, and the infecting parasite was
identified as Leishmania infantum in all of these. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of CVL is a contributor to the spread of visceral leishmaniasis
in Itaúna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jarbas de Melo
- Prefeitura Municipal de Itaúna, Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Itaúna, MG, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|