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Reuter T, Gomes-Gouvea MS, Chuffi S, Duque UH, Perini W, Azevedo RS, Pinho JRR. Core Promoter and Pre-Core Variants of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Are Frequent in Chronic Hepatitis B HBeAg-Negative Patients Infected by Genotypes A and D. Viruses 2023; 15:2339. [PMID: 38140580 PMCID: PMC10746983 DOI: 10.3390/v15122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, hepatitis B virus endemicity is low, moderate, or high in some areas, such as Espírito Santo State in the southeast region. In this study, we intend to characterize the basal core promoter (BCP) and pre-core region (PC) variants and their association with clinical/epidemiological disease patterns in patients infected with genotypes A and D. The study included 116 chronic hepatitis B patients from Espírito Santo State, Southeast Brazil, infected with genotypes A and D. Basal core promoter (BCP) and pre-core mutations were analyzed in these patients. The frequency of BCP and PC mutations was compared with age, HBeAg status, HBV genotype and subgenotype, HBV-DNA level, clinical classification, and transmission route. HBeAg-negative status was found in 101 (87.1%) patients: 87 (75.0%) were infected with genotype A (A1 = 85; A2 = 2) and 29 (25.0%) were infected with genotype D (D3 = 24; D4 = 3; D2 = 2). BCP + PC variants altogether were more frequent (48.1%) in genotype D than in genotype A strains (6.0%) (p < 0.001). When this evaluation was performed considering the cases that presented only the A1762T and/or G1764A (BCP) mutations, it was observed that the frequency was higher in genotype A (67.5%) compared to genotype D (7.4%) (p < 0.001). On the other hand, considering the samples with mutations only in positions G1896A and/or G1899A (PC), the frequency was higher in genotype D (75.8%) than in genotype A (6.9%) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, HBV DNA was lower than 2000 IU/mL especially when both BCP/PC mutations were present (p < 0.001) or when only PC mutations were detected (p = 0.047), reinforcing their role in viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Reuter
- Internal Medicine Department, Health Science Center, University Hospital Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29041-295, ES, Brazil; (U.H.D.); (W.P.)
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-907, SP, Brazil; (M.S.G.-G.); (S.C.); (J.R.R.P.)
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvea
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-907, SP, Brazil; (M.S.G.-G.); (S.C.); (J.R.R.P.)
| | - Samira Chuffi
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-907, SP, Brazil; (M.S.G.-G.); (S.C.); (J.R.R.P.)
| | - Ulisses Horst Duque
- Internal Medicine Department, Health Science Center, University Hospital Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29041-295, ES, Brazil; (U.H.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Waltesia Perini
- Internal Medicine Department, Health Science Center, University Hospital Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29041-295, ES, Brazil; (U.H.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Raymundo Soares Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-907, SP, Brazil; (M.S.G.-G.); (S.C.); (J.R.R.P.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- LIM-03, Central Laboratories Division, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Farajzadeh H. Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:147-161. [PMID: 36587831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2163178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41-80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Farajzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Saberi F. Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 35715756 PMCID: PMC9206294 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 782 non-diabetic controls. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAb was determined by ELISA. Nested PCR, targeting S and pre-core regions of the HBV genome, followed by sequencing was carried out to determine HBV genotypes and predominant mutations in the S, basal core promoter (BCP), and pre-core regions of the HBV genome. Results Of 733 diabetic patients, 94 cases (12.82%) were positive for HBcAb, 28 cases (3.82%) were positive for HBsAg, and 19 cases (2.59%) had HBV-DNA with genotype D, sub-genotype D1/D3 and subtype ayw2. An occult HBV infection was found in one of the HBV DNA-positive samples, which was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. P120T/G145R, G1896A/G1899A, and A1762T/G1764T were the most frequent point substitution mutations detected in the S, pre-core, and BCP regions of the HBV genome, respectively. P120T and G145R mutations were associated with low levels or undetectable levels of HBsAg in serum. Therefore, routine tests based on HBsAg detection cannot detect HBsAg-negative infected patients. Conclusions Relatively high prevalence of HBV infection was found in diabetic patients, while all of the HBV-infected patients were unaware of their infection. Therefore, screening for HBV infection should be included in the management program of diabetes for timely diagnosis and treatment of infected but asymptomatic patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Saberi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
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Prevalence, genotype distribution and mutations of hepatitis B virus and the associated risk factors among pregnant women residing in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265063. [PMID: 35271684 PMCID: PMC8912131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering perinatal transmission and the high rate of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in infants, diagnosis of HBV infection during pregnancy and timely interventions are of great importance. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV infection and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran. Methods Serum samples of 1425 pregnant women were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBcAb by ELISA (HBsAg one—Version ULTRA and HBc Ab ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). The seropositive samples were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by nested PCR, targeting S, X, pre-core (pre-C), and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome. The amplified fragments were sequenced by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology to evaluate the genotype distribution and mutations of HBV infection by using the MEGA 7 software. The HBV seropositive pregnant women were tested for HCV and HIV coinfections by ELISA (HCV Ab and HIV Ab/Ag ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). Results Of 1425 participants, 15 pregnant women (1.05%, 95% CI: 0.64%-1.73%) were positive for HBsAg, 41 women (2.88%, 95% CI: 2.10%-3.88%) were positive for HBcAb, and 5 women (0.35%, 95% CI: 0.15% –0.82%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. One of the viremic samples was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg, which is indicative of an occult HBV infection. HBsAg seroprevalence was higher among pregnant women aged 20 to 29 years, women in the third trimester of pregnancy, residents of Khormuj city, Afghan immigrants, illiterate women, and pregnant women with a history of tattoo and HBV vaccination. The highest rate of HBcAb seroprevalence was observed in residents of Borazjan city, Turk ethnicity, the age group >39 years, and those women with more parities and a history of abortion. Nevertheless, HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women was not statistically associated with these variables. In contrast, HBcAb seropositivity was significantly associated with the history of tattoo (P = 0.018). According to mutations analyses, seven amino acid substitutions in the HBsAg, one point mutation in the pre-C region, and five points mutations in the BCP region were detected. Besides, the BCP mutations caused amino acid substitutions in the X protein. Of note, the conversion of Ala → Val at amino acid 168 (A168V) and Thr → Pro at amino acid 127 (T127P) were detected in HBsAg of the occult HBV strain. Conclusion These results indicate a relatively low prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in the South of Iran, while tattooing is a risk factor for exposure to HBV infection. Moreover, all of the HBV-positive pregnant women were asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Therefore, routine screening for HBV markers during pregnancy, appropriate treatment of HBV-infected women, and HBV vaccination are recommended to decrease mother-to-child transmission of HBV.
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Tan M, Bhadoria AS, Cui F, Tan A, Van Holten J, Easterbrook P, Ford N, Han Q, Lu Y, Bulterys M, Hutin Y. Estimating the proportion of people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection eligible for hepatitis B antiviral treatment worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 6:106-119. [PMID: 33197397 PMCID: PMC7801814 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, of the estimated 257 million people living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, only a small proportion was diagnosed and treated. The insufficiency of information on the proportion of people infected with HBV who are eligible for treatment limits the interpretation of global treatment coverage. We aimed to estimate the proportion of people with chronic HBV infection who were eligible for antiviral treatment worldwide, based on the WHO 2015 guidelines. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases from Jan 1, 2007, to Jan 31, 2018, for studies describing HBsAg-positive people in the population or health-care facilities. We extracted information from published studies using a standardised form to estimate the frequency of cirrhosis, abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA exceeding 2000 IU/mL or 20 000 IU/mL, presence of HBeAg, and eligibility for treatment as per WHO and other guidelines as reported in the studies. We pooled proportions through meta-analysis with random effects. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020132345. FINDINGS Of the 13 497 studies, 162 were eligible and included in our analysis. These studies included 145 789 participants. The pooled estimate of the proportion of cirrhosis was 9% (95% CI 8-10), ranging from 6% (4-8) in community settings to 10% (9-11) in clinic settings. Examining the proportion of participants who had characteristics used to determine eligibility in the WHO guidelines, 1750 (10·1%) of 17 394 had HBV DNA exceeding 20 000 IU/mL, and 20 425 (30·8%) of 66 235 had ALT above the upper limit of normal. 32 studies reported eligibility for treatment according to WHO or any other guidelines, with a pooled estimate of eligibility at 19% (95% CI 18-20), ranging from 12% (6-18) for studies in community settings to 25% (19-30) in clinic settings. INTERPRETATION Many studies described people with HBV infection, but few reported information in a way that allowed assessment of eligibility for treatment. Although about one in ten of the 257 million people with HBV infection (26 million) might be in urgent need of treatment because of cirrhosis, a larger proportion (12-25%) is eligible for treatment in accordance with different guidelines. Future studies describing people with HBV infection should report on treatment eligibility, according to broadly agreed definitions. FUNDING WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Tan
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ajeet S Bhadoria
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Van Holten
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nathan Ford
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Qin Han
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bulterys
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Hutin
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Global Hepatitis Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Immunopathogenesis of HBV Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1179:71-107. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wungu CDK, Amin M, Ruslan SEN, Purwono PB, Kholili U, Maimunah U, Setiawan PB, Lusida MI, Soetjipto S, Handajani R. Association between host TNF-α, TGF-β1, p53 polymorphisms, HBV X gene mutation, HBV viral load and the progression of HBV-associated chronic liver disease in Indonesian patients. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:145-153. [PMID: 31565220 PMCID: PMC6759598 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, including Indonesia, there is a high mortality rate associated with the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated chronic liver disease (CLD). The pathogenesis of HBV infection is influenced by viral and host factors. To determine potential associations between these factors, host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TNF-α, TGF-β1 and p53, HBV X gene mutation and HBV viral load were investigated in patients with HBV-associated CLD in Surabaya, Indonesia. Sera were collected from 87 CLD patients with HBV infection. TNF-α, TGF-β1 and p53 SNPs were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. The HBV X gene was sequenced and compared with reference strains to determine mutations and the viral load was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In Indonesian patients, no association between TNF-α, TGF-β1 and p53 SNPs and CLD or X gene mutation were identified. A total of 23% (20/87) of samples had HBV X gene mutations, including ten substitution types, one deletion and one insertion. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that the K130M/V131I mutations were correlated with CLD progression (OR, 7.629; 95% CI, 1.578-36.884). Significant differences in viral load were found in HBV-infected patients who had X gene mutations, such as R87W/G, I127L/T/N/S and K130M/V131I mutations (P<0.05). The presence of K130M and V131I mutations may be predictive for the progression of HBV-associated CLD in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Amin
- Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - S Eriaty N Ruslan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Priyo Budi Purwono
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Ulfa Kholili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ummi Maimunah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Poernomo Boedi Setiawan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto Soetjipto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Retno Handajani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, University of Airlangga Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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