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Cristina Martini Rodrigues C, Caroline Ribeiro Sales A, Marli Christovam Sartori A, de Souza Azevedo A, Maria Barbosa de Lima S, de Melo Picone C, Keiko Sato P, Nazareth Lara A, Takesaki Miyaji K, Sérgio Azevedo L, Caldin B, Camera Pierrotti L, Heloisa Lopes M. Yellow fever neutralizing antibody seroprevalence proportion and titers in previously vaccinated adults with chronic kidney disease. Vaccine 2024; 42:2729-2732. [PMID: 38514353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies on yellow fever vaccine (YF) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate YF neutralizing antibody seroprevalence and titers in previously vaccinated adults with CKD, on dialysis (D-CKD) or not (ND-CKD), compared to healthy persons. The micro Plaque Reduction Neutralization-Horseradish Peroxidase (μPRN-HP) test was used. Antibody titers were expressed as the reciprocal of the highest dilution that neutralized the challenge virus by 50 % (μPRN50). Seropositivity cut-off was set at ≥ 1:100. We included 153 participants: 46 ND-CKD, 50 D-CKD and 57 healthy adults. Median ages were 58.3, 55 and 52.2 years, respectively. Median time since YF vaccination was 22.3, 18.5 and 48.3 months respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in YF seroprevalence and neutralizing antibodies titers among groups: 100 % of ND-CKD; 96 % of D-CKD and 100 % of healthy participants were seropositive. Geometric mean titers (GMT) were 818.5, 683.0 and 665.5, respectively (p = 0.289).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristina Martini Rodrigues
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinica de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HC-FMUSP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Caroline Ribeiro Sales
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, FMUSP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marli Christovam Sartori
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinica de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HC-FMUSP, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, FMUSP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila de Melo Picone
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinica de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HC-FMUSP, Brazil
| | - Paula Keiko Sato
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, FMUSP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nazareth Lara
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinica de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HC-FMUSP, Brazil
| | - Karina Takesaki Miyaji
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinica de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HC-FMUSP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marta Heloisa Lopes
- Centro de Referencia de Imunobiologicos Especiais (CRIE) - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, FMUSP, Brazil
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Kuno G. Mechanisms of Yellow Fever Transmission: Gleaning the Overlooked Records of Importance and Identifying Problems, Puzzles, Serious Issues, Surprises and Research Questions. Viruses 2024; 16:84. [PMID: 38257784 PMCID: PMC10820296 DOI: 10.3390/v16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In viral disease research, few diseases can compete with yellow fever for the volume of literature, historical significance, richness of the topics and the amount of strong interest among both scientists and laypersons. While the major foci of viral disease research shifted to other more pressing new diseases in recent decades, many critically important basic tasks still remain unfinished for yellow fever. Some of the examples include the mechanisms of transmission, the process leading to outbreak occurrence, environmental factors, dispersal, and viral persistence in nature. In this review, these subjects are analyzed in depth, based on information not only in old but in modern literatures, to fill in blanks and to update the current understanding on these topics. As a result, many valuable facts, ideas, and other types of information that complement the present knowledge were discovered. Very serious questions about the validity of the arbovirus concept and some research practices were also identified. The characteristics of YFV and its pattern of transmission that make this virus unique among viruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti were also explored. Another emphasis was identification of research questions. The discovery of a few historical surprises was an unexpected benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kuno
- Formerly at the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Machado SL, de Mello CF, Silva SOF, Alencar J. Ecobiology of Haemagogus leucocelaenus arbovirus vector in the golden lion tamarin translocation area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13129. [PMID: 37573396 PMCID: PMC10423267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant pathogens that have resurfaced in humans originate from transmission from animal to human populations. In the Americas, yellow fever cases in humans are usually associated with spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. The present study characterized the prevalence of the yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Atlantic Forest fragment chosen is an area of translocation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), where 10 ovitraps were installed to collect mosquito eggs in Fazenda Três Irmãos, at Silva Jardim city, from March 2020 to October 2022. A total of 1514 eggs were collected, of which 1153 were viable; 50% belonged to medically important mosquito species and 24% to the yellow fever vector species, Hg. leucocelaenus. The months of December 2020 (n = 252), November 2021 (n = 188), and January 2022 (n = 252) had the highest densities of this vector. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.303) and humidity (r = 0.48), with eggs hatching up to the 15th immersion with higher abundance of females. Implementing mosquito monitoring for arbovirus activity can help protect both the golden lion tamarin and human populations from the threat of arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lisboa Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Hematology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 23890-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Diptera Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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Hale GL. Flaviviruses and the Traveler: Around the World and to Your Stage. A Review of West Nile, Yellow Fever, Dengue, and Zika Viruses for the Practicing Pathologist. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100188. [PMID: 37059228 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus of single-stranded RNA viruses that impose an important and growing burden to human health. There are over 3 billion individuals living in areas where flaviviruses are endemic. Flaviviruses and their arthropod vectors (which include mosquitoes and ticks) take advantage of global travel to expand their distribution and cause severe disease in humans, and they can be grouped according to their vector and pathogenicity. The mosquito-borne flaviviruses cause a spectrum of diseases from encephalitis to hepatitis and vascular shock syndrome, congenital abnormalities, and fetal death. Neurotropic infections such as Zika virus and West Nile virus cross the blood-brain barrier and infect neurons and other cells, leading to meningoencephalitis. In the hemorrhagic fever clade, there are yellow fever virus, the prototypical hemorrhagic fever virus that infects hepatocytes, and dengue virus, which infects cells of the reticuloendothelial system and can lead to a dramatic plasma cell leakage and shock syndrome. Zika virus also causes congenital infections and fetal death and is the first and only example of a teratogenic arbovirus in humans. Diagnostic testing for flaviviruses broadly includes the detection of viral RNA in serum (particularly within the first 10 days of symptoms), viral isolation by cell culture (rarely performed due to complexity and biosafety concerns), and histopathologic evaluation with immunohistochemistry and molecular testing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. This review focuses on 4 mosquito-borne flaviviruses-West Nile, yellow fever, dengue, and Zika virus-and discusses the mechanisms of transmission, the role of travel in geographic distribution and epidemic emergence, and the clinical and histopathologic features of each. Finally, prevention strategies such as vector control and vaccination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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de Oliveira CH, Andrade MS, Campos FS, da C. Cardoso J, Gonçalves-dos-Santos ME, Oliveira RS, Aquino-Teixeira SM, Campos AAS, Almeida MAB, Simonini-Teixeira D, da P. Sevá A, Temponi AOD, Magalhães FM, da Silva Menezes AS, Lopes BT, Almeida HP, Pedroso AL, Gonçalves GP, Chaves DCC, de Menezes GG, Bernal-Valle S, Müller NFD, Janssen L, dos Santos E, Mares-Guia MA, Albuquerque GR, Romano APM, Franco AC, Ribeiro BM, Roehe PM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, de Abreu FVS. Yellow Fever Virus Maintained by Sabethes Mosquitoes during the Dry Season in Cerrado, a Semiarid Region of Brazil, in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:757. [PMID: 36992466 PMCID: PMC10058068 DOI: 10.3390/v15030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, waves of yellow fever virus (YFV) from the Amazon Rainforest have spread and caused outbreaks in other regions of Brazil, including the Cerrado, a savannah-like biome through which YFV usually moves before arriving at the Atlantic Forest. To identify the vectors involved in the maintenance of the virus in semiarid environments, an entomological survey was conducted after confirmation of yellow fever (YF) epizootics at the peak of the dry season in the Cerrado areas of the state of Minas Gerais. In total, 917 mosquitoes from 13 taxa were collected and tested for the presence of YFV. Interestingly, mosquitoes of the Sabethes genus represented 95% of the diurnal captured specimens, displaying a peak of biting activity never previously recorded, between 4:30 and 5:30 p.m. Molecular analysis identified three YFV-positive pools, two from Sabethes chloropterus-from which near-complete genomes were generated-and one from Sa. albiprivus, whose low viral load prevented sequencing. Sa. chloropterus was considered the primary vector due to the high number of copies of YFV RNA and the high relative abundance detected. Its bionomic characteristics allow its survival in dry places and dry time periods. For the first time in Brazil, Sa. albiprivus was found to be naturally infected with YFV and may have played a role as a secondary vector. Despite its high relative abundance, fewer copies of viral RNA were found, as well as a lower Minimum Infection Rate (MIR). Genomic and phylogeographic analysis showed that the virus clustered in the sub-lineage YFVPA-MG, which circulated in Pará in 2017 and then spread into other regions of the country. The results reported here contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology and mechanisms of YFV dispersion and maintenance, especially in adverse weather conditions. The intense viral circulation, even outside the seasonal period, increases the importance of surveillance and YFV vaccination to protect human populations in affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirilo H. de Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel S. Andrade
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sabin Diagnóstico e Saúde, Brasília 70632-340, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, TO, Brazil
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Jader da C. Cardoso
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Silva Oliveira
- Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Aline AS Campos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco AB Almeida
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization Office in Brazil, Brasília 70800-400, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da P. Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Maria Magalhães
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Agna Soares da Silva Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu Teixeira Lopes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermes P. Almeida
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pedroso
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovani Pontel Gonçalves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Costa Capistrano Chaves
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Givaldo Gomes de Menezes
- Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais, State Coordination for Arbovirus Surveillance, Belo Horizonte 31630-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sofía Bernal-Valle
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Nicolas FD Müller
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Janssen
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Mares-Guia
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - George R. Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandro PM Romano
- General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70058-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M. Ribeiro
- Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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Nwachukwu KC, Nwarunma E, David Uchenna C, Chinyere Ugbogu O. Enablers of Candida auris persistence on medical devices and their mode of eradication. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:36-43. [PMID: 37867591 PMCID: PMC10590192 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.150673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging pathogen predominantly isolated from immunocompromised patients, hospitalized for a long time. It inhabits the skin surfaces of patients causing ear, wound, and systemic infections; if not treated properly, it could lead to severe mortality. Apart from being a skin pathogen, C. auris colonizes the surfaces of medical devices. Medical devices are hospital tools and components often utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with human skin. The mechanism of survival and persistence of C. auris on medical devices has remained unclear and is a serious concern for clinicians. The persistence of C. auris on medical devices has deterred its effective elimination, hindered the treatment of infections, and increased its antifungal resistance. Evidence has shown that a few surface molecules on the cell wall of C. auris and the extracellular matrix of the biofilm are responsible for its persistence and exist as enablers. Due to the increased cases of ear, skin, and systemic infections as well as death resulting from the spread of C. auris in hospitals, there is a need to study these enablers. This review focused on the identification of the enablers and aimed to evaluate them in relation to their ability to induce persistence in C. auris. In order to reduce the spread of or completely eliminate C. auris and its enablers in hospitals, the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization methods were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebubechukwu Nwarunma
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, UK
| | - Chinaza David Uchenna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Bellone R, Mousson L, Bohers C, Mantel N, Failloux AB. Absence of transmission of vYF next generation Yellow Fever vaccine in mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010930. [PMID: 36516120 PMCID: PMC9749985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective vaccines against an arbovirus is the YFV-17D live-attenuated vaccine developed in 1937 against Yellow Fever (YF). This vaccine replicates poorly in mosquitoes and consequently, is not transmitted by vectors. Vaccine shortages, mainly due to constrained productions based on pathogen-free embryonated eggs, led Sanofi to move towards alternative methods based on a state-of-the-art process using continuous cell line cultures in bioreactor. vYF-247 is a next-generation live-attenuated vaccine candidate based on 17D adapted to grow in serum-free Vero cells. For the development of a new vaccine, WHO recommends to document infectivity and replication in mosquitoes. Here we infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes with vYF-247 vaccine compared first to the YF-17D-204 reference Sanofi vaccines (Stamaril and YF-VAX) and a clinical human isolate S-79, provided in a blood meal at a titer of 6.5 Log ffu/mL and secondly, to the clinical isolate only at an increased titer of 7.5 Log ffu/mL. At different days post-infection, virus replication, dissemination and transmission were evaluated by quantifying viral particles in mosquito abdomen, head and thorax or saliva, respectively. Although comparison of vYF-247 to reference vaccines could not be completed to yield significant results, we showed that vYF-247 was not transmitted by both Aedes species, either laboratory strains or field-collected populations, compared to clinical strain S-79 at the highest inoculation dose. Combined with the undetectable to low level viremia detected in vaccinees, transmission of the vYF-247 vaccine by mosquitoes is highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Bohers
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mantel
- Sanofi—Vaccine Research and Development, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France,* E-mail:
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Ramos BA, Chagas LLD, de Arruda e Silva F, dos Santos EB, Chiang JO, Neto JPN, Vieira DBR, Junior JWR, da Silva EVP, Freitas MNO, Santos MM, Pantoja JADS, Gonçalves EDJ, Barros LJL, Silva SP, Aragão CF, Cruz ACR, Casseb LMN, Souto LCDS, Mascarenhas JDP, Furtado ECDS, Da Silva RNS, Casseb ADR, Martins LC. Arboviruses in Free-Ranging Birds and Hematophagous Arthropods (Diptera, Nematocera) from Forest Remnants and Urbanized Areas of an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon Biome. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102101. [PMID: 36298656 PMCID: PMC9608863 DOI: 10.3390/v14102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon has resulted in the insertion of forest fragments into cities, causing the circulation of arboviruses, which can involve hematophagous arthropods and free-ranging birds in the transmission cycles in urban environments. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of arboviruses in free-ranging birds and hematophagous arthropods captured in an Environmental Protection Area in the Belem metropolitan area, Brazil. Birds were captured using mist nets, and hematophagous arthropods were collected using a human protected attraction technique and light traps. The birds’ sera were subjected to a hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies against 29 arbovirus antigens. Arthropod macerates were inoculated into C6/36 and VERO cell cultures to attempt viral isolation and were tested using indirect immunofluorescence, subsequent genetic sequencing and submitted for phylogenetic analysis. Four bird sera were positive for arbovirus, and one batch of Psorophora ferox was positive for Flavivirus on viral isolation and indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the Ilheus virus was detected in the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The presence of antibodies in sera from free-ranging birds and the isolation of Ilheus virus in Psorophora ferox indicate the circulation of arboviruses in forest remnants in the urban center of Belem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Alves Ramos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Liliane Leal Das Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Franko de Arruda e Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Eder Barros dos Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Durval Bertram Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - José Wilson Rosa Junior
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maissa Maia Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jamilla Augusta de Sousa Pantoja
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Ercília de Jesus Gonçalves
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Landeson Junior Leopoldino Barros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Carine Fortes Aragão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia Ribeiro Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raimundo Nelson Souza Da Silva
- Health and Animal Production Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Boulevard Pres. Tancredo Neves, 2501, Terra Firme, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre do Rosário Casseb
- Health and Animal Production Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Boulevard Pres. Tancredo Neves, 2501, Terra Firme, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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9
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de Souza RL, Ferreira GDS, Borja LS, Nazaré RDJ, Mugabe VA, Argibay HD, Portilho MM, Jacob-Nascimento LC, Reis MG, Kitron UD, Ribeiro GS. Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest Urban Park, Salvador, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1065-1070. [PMID: 35244168 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We identified mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment located in a large urban park in Salvador, Brazil, one year after a citywide epizootic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Between May 2 and August 2, 2018, adult mosquitoes were collected using the human attraction method, followed by trapping with hand-nets, and CO2-baited light traps placed at ground level and in the canopy. We collected a total of 11,914 mosquitoes, which belonged to three tribes, five genera, and at least seven species. The most abundant taxa captured by CO2-baited light traps were Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, Diptera: Culicidae) Limatus spp. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Wyeomyia spp. (Diptera: Culicidae), while by human attraction, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Wyeomyia spp., and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae) were captured most often. The diversity of mosquitoes by species was greater in the park area with restinga vegetation compared to the area with dense rainforest. Although vectors commonly associated with sylvatic YFV transmission were not captured, we collected several species capable of transmission of other arboviruses. Given the high likelihood of encounters between mosquitoes and human visitors in environments, such as the one studied, periodic entomological surveys to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission in these settings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lima de Souza
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lairton Souza Borja
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Romero de Jesus Nazaré
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vánio Andre Mugabe
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Deptartmento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Licungo, Quelimane, Zambézia 106, Mozambique
| | - Hernan Darío Argibay
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Moyra Machado Portilho
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Uriel D Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Abreu FVSD, de Andreazzi CS, Neves MSAS, Meneguete PS, Ribeiro MS, Dias CMG, de Albuquerque Motta M, Barcellos C, Romão AR, Magalhães MDAFM, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Ecological and environmental factors affecting transmission of sylvatic yellow fever in the 2017-2019 outbreak in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35012637 PMCID: PMC8750868 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus that, despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, continues to cause outbreaks of varying dimensions in the Americas and Africa. Between 2017 and 2019, Brazil registered un unprecedented sylvatic YFV outbreak whose severity was the result of its spread into zones of the Atlantic Forest with no signals of viral circulation for nearly 80 years. METHODS To investigate the influence of climatic, environmental, and ecological factors governing the dispersion and force of infection of YFV in a naïve area such as the landscape mosaic of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), we combined the analyses of a large set of data including entomological sampling performed before and during the 2017-2019 outbreak, with the geolocation of human and nonhuman primates (NHP) and mosquito infections. RESULTS A greater abundance of Haemagogus mosquitoes combined with lower richness and diversity of mosquito fauna increased the probability of finding a YFV-infected mosquito. Furthermore, the analysis of functional traits showed that certain functional groups, composed mainly of Aedini mosquitoes which includes Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes, are also more representative in areas where infected mosquitoes were found. Human and NHP infections were more common in two types of landscapes: large and continuous forest, capable of harboring many YFV hosts, and patches of small forest fragments, where environmental imbalance can lead to a greater density of the primary vectors and high human exposure. In both, we show that most human infections (~ 62%) occurred within an 11-km radius of the finding of an infected NHP, which is in line with the flight range of the primary vectors. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that entomological data and landscape composition analyses may help to predict areas permissive to yellow fever outbreaks, allowing protective measures to be taken to avoid human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG Brazil
| | - Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Present Address: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Soares Meneguete
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Ribeiro
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Giordano Dias
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Atenção Primária À Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Christovam Barcellos
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratório de Informação em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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11
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Berthet M, Mesbahi G, Duvot G, Zuberbühler K, Cäsar C, Bicca-Marques JC. Dramatic decline in a titi monkey population after the 2016-2018 sylvatic yellow fever outbreak in Brazil. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23335. [PMID: 34609763 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Platyrrhini are highly vulnerable to the yellow fever (YF) virus. From 2016 to 2018, the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil faced its worst sylvatic YF outbreak in about a century, thought to have killed thousands of primates. It is essential to assess the impact of this epidemic on threatened primate assemblages to design effective conservation strategies. In this study, we assessed the impact of the 2016-2018 YF outbreak on a geographically isolated population of Near Threatened black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) in two Atlantic Forest patches of the Santuário do Caraça, MG, Brazil. Extensive preoutbreak monitoring, conducted between 2008 and 2016, revealed that the home range and group sizes of the population remained stable. In 2016, the population size was estimated at 53-57 individuals in 11-12 groups. We conducted monitoring and playback surveys in 2019 and found that the population had decreased by 68% in one forest patch and completely vanished in the other, resulting in a combined decline of 80%. We discuss this severe loss of a previously stable population and conclude that it was highly likely caused by the YF outbreak. The remaining population is at risk of disappearing completely because of its small size and geographic isolation. A systematic population surveys of C. nigrifrons, along other sensible Platyrrhini species, is needed to re-evaluate their current conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Berthet
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Mesbahi
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, Nancy, France.,Parc Naturel Régional des Vosges du Nord, La Petite Pierre, France
| | - Guilhem Duvot
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- School of Psychology & Neurosciences, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Júlio Cèsar Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Primatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Goes de Jesus J, Gräf T, Giovanetti M, Mares-Guia MA, Xavier J, Lima Maia M, Fonseca V, Fabri A, dos Santos RF, Mota Pereira F, Ferraz Oliveira Santos L, Reboredo de Oliveira da Silva L, Pereira Gusmão Maia Z, Gomes Cerqueira JX, Thèze J, Abade L, Cordeiro MDCS, Torquato SSC, Santana EB, de Jesus Silva NS, Dourado RSO, Alves AB, do Socorro Guedes A, da Silva Filho PM, Rodrigues Faria N, de Albuquerque CFC, de Abreu AL, Martins Romano AP, Croda J, do Carmo Said RF, Cunha GM, da Fonseca Cerqueira JM, de Mello ALES, de Filippis AMB, Alcantara LCJ. Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008405. [PMID: 32780745 PMCID: PMC7418952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes a clinical syndrome of acute hemorrhagic hepatitis. YFV transmission involves non-human primates (NHP), mosquitoes and humans. By late 2016, Brazil experienced the largest YFV outbreak of the last 100 years, with 2050 human confirmed cases, with 681 cases ending in death and 764 confirmed epizootic cases in NHP. Among affected areas, Bahia state in Northeastern was the only region with no autochthonous human cases. By using next generation sequence approach, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of YFV in NHP in Bahia and discuss what factors might have prevented human cases. We investigated 47 YFV positive tissue samples from NHP cases to generate 8 novel YFV genomes. ML phylogenetic tree reconstructions and automated subtyping tools placed the newly generated genomes within the South American genotype I (SA I). Our analysis revealed that the YFV genomes from Bahia formed two distinct well-supported phylogenetic clusters that emerged most likely of an introduction from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states. Vegetation coverage analysis performed shows predominantly low to medium vegetation coverage in Bahia state. Together, our findings support the hypothesis of two independent YFV SA-I introductions. We also highlighted the effectiveness of the actions taken by epidemiological surveillance team of the state to prevented human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gräf
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Joilson Xavier
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maricelia Lima Maia
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana, Ministério da Saúde, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Allison Fabri
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fonseca dos Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Gonçalo Moniz (LACEN/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felicidade Mota Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Gonçalo Moniz (LACEN/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Thèze
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Abade
- The Global Health Network, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eloisa Bahia Santana
- Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana, Ministério da Saúde, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ademilson Brás Alves
- Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado da Bahia, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adeilde do Socorro Guedes
- Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado da Bahia, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Luiz de Abreu
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, (CGLAB/SVS-MS) Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Croda
- Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças Transmissíveis/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (DEVIT/SVS-MS)
| | | | - Gabriel Muricy Cunha
- Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado da Bahia, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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13
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Romano C, Chebabo A, Levi J. Past, present, and future of COVID-19: a review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2020; 53:e10475. [PMID: 32725080 PMCID: PMC7405018 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged, becoming a global threat, affecting directly all human beings owing to its morbidity and mortality and indirectly, due to the enormous economic and psychological impact produced by social isolation, the most effective measure so far, but unsustainable for a long period. The scientific effort to understand and control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and clinical impact has been huge, and important achievements are highlighted in this review. Diagnosis is central and is the first step in recognizing and fighting any infectious agent. Instrumental to that is the quality of the data, relying on serological and molecular surveys in addition to trustworthy clinical records. However, the fast spread of a virus adapted for human-to-human respiratory transmission raised a demand for millions of molecular tests that are simply not available. Several candidate drugs are under evaluation in clinical trials. Those with an already recognized safety profile are more auspicious, since, if proven effective, can cut several steps of production and phase 2 and 3 trials. More than one hundred vaccine prototypes are in different stages of development, however, safety and efficacy evaluations cannot be obviated, implicating, most optimistically, in at least months for us to have an effective immunization, the definite measure to allow a safe return to the pre-pandemic lifestyle. Science has never been more necessary and present in daily life. Relying on the best of human wit is the only way out to this pandemic, saving as many lives as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Romano
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP (LIM52), Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A. Chebabo
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratórios Dasa, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J.E. Levi
- Laboratórios Dasa, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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14
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Couto-Lima D, Andreazzi CS, Leite PJ, Bersot MIL, Alencar J, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Seasonal population dynamics of the primary yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon) (Diptera: Culicidae) is mainly influenced by temperature in the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200218. [PMID: 32696917 PMCID: PMC7370926 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Brazil has recently experienced a Yellow Fever virus (YFV) outbreak where the mosquito Haemagogus leucocelaenus was a primary vector. Climatic factors influence the abundance of mosquito vectors and arbovirus transmission. OBJECTIVES We aimed at describing the population dynamics of Hg. leucocelaenus in a county touched by the recent YFV outbreak. METHODS Fortnightly egg collections with ovitraps were performed from November 2012 to February 2017 in a forest in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The effects of mean temperature and rainfall on the Hg. leucocelaenus population dynamics were explored. FINDINGS Hg. leucocelaenus eggs were continuously collected throughout the study, with a peak in the warmer months (December-March). The climatic variables had a time-lagged effect and four weeks before sampling was the best predictor for the positivity of ovitraps and total number of eggs collected. The probability of finding > 50% positive ovitraps increased when the mean temperature was above 24ºC. The number of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs expressively increase when the mean temperature and accumulated precipitation surpassed 27ºC and 100 mm, respectively, although the effect of rainfall was less pronounced. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Monitoring population dynamics of Hg. leucocelaenus and climatic factors in YFV risk areas, especially mean temperature, may assist in developing climate-based surveillance procedures to timely strengthening prophylaxis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinair Couto-Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cecilia S Andreazzi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Lima Bersot
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Diptera, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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Torosin NS, Webster TH, Argibay H, Sanchez Fernandez C, Ferreyra H, Uhart M, Agostini I, Knapp LA. Positively selected variants in functionally important regions of TLR7 in Alouatta guariba clamitans with yellow fever virus exposure in Northern Argentina. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:50-60. [PMID: 32583896 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007-2009, a major yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in Northern Argentina decimated the local howler monkey (Alouatta) population. AIMS To evaluate whether the surviving howler monkeys possess advantageous genetic variants inherited from monkeys alive prior to the YFV outbreak, we explored the relationship between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 gene variation and YFV susceptibility. METHODS We used samples from Alouatta individuals in Misiones, Argentina alive before the YFV outbreak, individuals that died during the outbreak, and individuals that survived the outbreak and are alive today. We measured genetic divergence between Alouatta YFV exposure groups and evaluated Alouatta-specific substitutions for functional consequences. RESULTS We did not find different allele frequencies in the post-YFV exposure Alouatta group compared to the pre-exposure group. We identified three nonsynonymous variants in TLR7 in Alouatta guariba clamitans. Two of these substitutions are under positive selection in functionally important regions of the gene. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results did not indicate that surviving howler monkey spossess advantageous genetic variants at greater frequency than those alive before the YFV outbreak. However, the positively selected unique coding differences in A. guariba clamitans are in the region important in pathogen detection which may affect YFV resistance. Morework is necessary to fully explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Torosin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timothy H Webster
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hernán Argibay
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Sanchez Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Hebe Ferreyra
- Global Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ilaria Agostini
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científcas y Técnicas (CONICET), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Leslie A Knapp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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16
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Pereira-dos-Santos T, Roiz D, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Paupy C. A Systematic Review: Is Aedes albopictus an Efficient Bridge Vector for Zoonotic Arboviruses? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040266. [PMID: 32272651 PMCID: PMC7238240 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are increasing due to human disturbances of natural ecosystems and globalization of trade and travel. These anthropic changes may affect mosquito communities by modulating ecological traits that influence the “spill-over” dynamics of zoonotic pathogens, especially at the interface between natural and human environments. Particularly, the global invasion of Aedes albopictus is observed not only across urban and peri-urban settings, but also in newly invaded areas in natural settings. This could foster the interaction of Ae. albopictus with wildlife, including local reservoirs of enzootic arboviruses, with implications for the potential zoonotic transfer of pathogens. To evaluate the potential of Ae. albopictus as a bridge vector of arboviruses between wildlife and humans, we performed a bibliographic search and analysis focusing on three components: (1) The capacity of Ae. albopictus to exploit natural larval breeding sites, (2) the blood-feeding behaviour of Ae. albopictus, and (3) Ae. albopictus’ vector competence for arboviruses. Our analysis confirms the potential of Ae. albopictus as a bridge vector based on its colonization of natural breeding sites in newly invaded areas, its opportunistic feeding behaviour together with the preference for human blood, and the competence to transmit 14 arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Pereira-dos-Santos
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.P.-d.-S.); (C.P.)
| | - David Roiz
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.P.-d.-S.); (C.P.)
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Noske GD, Gawriljuk VO, Fernandes RS, Furtado ND, Bonaldo MC, Oliva G, Godoy AS. Structural characterization and polymorphism analysis of the NS2B-NS3 protease from the 2017 Brazilian circulating strain of Yellow Fever virus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Avelino-Silva VI, Figueiredo-Mello C, Casadio LVB, Nastri ACSS, Marcilio I, Ribeiro AF, Levin AS, Sabino EC. Confronting the Multidimensional Challenges of Research in the Context of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Brazil: The Example of Yellow Fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:38-40. [PMID: 32228776 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the most recent Brazilian yellow fever (YF) outbreak, a group of clinicians and researchers initiated in mid-January 2018 a considerable effort to develop a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of sofosbuvir on YF viremia and clinical outcomes (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-93dp9n). The approval of this protocol had urgency given the seasonal/short-lived pattern of YF transmission, large number of human cases, and epidemic transmission at the outskirts of a large urban center. However, many intricacies in the research regulatory and ethical submission systems in Brazil were indomitable even under such pressing conditions. By April 2018, we had enrolled 29 patients for a target sample size of 90 participants. Had enrollment been initiated 3 weeks earlier, an additional 31 patients could have been enrolled, reaching the prespecified sample size for the interim analysis. This recent experience highlights the urgent need to improve local preparedness for research in the setting of explosive outbreaks, as has been seen in the last few years in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Figueiredo-Mello
- Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C S S Nastri
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabel Marcilio
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S Levin
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Girard YA, Santa Maria F, Lanteri MC. Inactivation of yellow fever virus with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light pathogen-reduction technology. Transfusion 2020; 60:622-627. [PMID: 31957887 PMCID: PMC7078960 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Africa and Brazil, and massive vaccine campaigns triggered to contain the outbreaks, have raised concerns over blood transfusion safety and availability with increased risk of YFV transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) by native and vaccine-acquired YFV. Blood donor deferral for 2 to 4 weeks following live attenuated YFV vaccination, and deferral for travel to endemic/epidemic areas, may result in blood donor loss and impact platelet component (PC) stocks. This study investigated the efficacy of INTERCEPT Blood System pathogen reduction (PR) with use of amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) light to inactivate high levels of YFV in PCs. MATERIALS Four units of apheresis platelets prepared in 35% plasma/65% platelet additive solution (PC-PAS) and 4 units of PC in 100% human plasma (PC-Plasma) were spiked with high infectious titers of YFV (YFV-17D vaccine strain). YFV-17D infectious titers were measured by plaque assay and expressed as plaque-forming units (PFU) before and after amotosalen/UVA treatment to determine log reduction. RESULTS The mean YFV-17D infectious titers in PC before inactivation were 5.5 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL in PC-PAS and 5.3 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL in PC-Plasma. No infectivity was detected immediately after amotosalen/UVA treatment. CONCLUSION The amotosalen/UVA PR system inactivated high titers of infectious YFV-17D in PC. This PR technology could reduce the risk of YFV TTI and help secure PC supplies in areas experiencing YFV outbreaks where massive vaccination campaigns are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette A Girard
- Department of Microbiology, Cerus Corporation, Concord, California
| | | | - Marion C Lanteri
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Cerus Corporation, Concord, California
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20
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Vianello S, Silva de Souza G, Maia M, Belfort R, de Oliveira Dias JR. Ocular Findings in Yellow Fever Infection. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:300-304. [PMID: 30629101 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging, potentially lethal arboviral disease that has been occurring recently in Africa and South America. Poor levels of immunization have facilitated the viral spread in southeastern Brazil, leading to an unprecedented outbreak that started in late 2016. Although human cases have been linked to sylvatic mosquitoes, the concern is that YFV may spread to urban centers infested with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and start a true urban cycle. Objective To describe the ocular findings in patients with acute YFV infection. Design, Setting, Participants Two adults with an acute YFV infection in southeastern Brazil underwent an ophthalmologic and ocular ultrasonographic examination in early 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Ocular findings in patients with acute YFV infection. Results Both patients presented with increased choroidal thickness bilaterally seen on ocular ultrasonography. A man in his late 50s who had not been vaccinated previously also presented with bilateral, midperipheral, 360° choroidal detachment and yellowish subretinal lesions. After clinical deterioration and liver transplant, the man died. A woman in her early 30s who had been vaccinated previously for YFV presented with increased retinal venous congestion bilaterally. She was discharged with mild conjunctival chemosis and icterus. Conclusions and Relevance These reports describe different patterns of ocular findings associated with YFV acute infection. However, the exact mechanism involved in the retinal and choroidal findings remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Vianello
- Centro de Estudo da Visão, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucio Silva de Souza
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Juiz de Fora, Department of General Surgery, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício Maia
- Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Fight Against Blindness, Assis and Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Rafael de Oliveira Dias
- Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic/Epidemic Areas. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100904. [PMID: 31569736 PMCID: PMC6832350 DOI: 10.3390/v11100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses affecting animal and human health. Arboviruses circulate primarily within an enzootic cycle and recurrent spillovers contribute to the emergence of human-adapted viruses able to initiate an urban cycle involving anthropophilic mosquitoes. The increasing volume of travel and trade offers multiple opportunities for arbovirus introduction in new regions. This scenario has been exemplified recently with the Zika pandemic. To incriminate a mosquito as vector of a pathogen, several criteria are required such as the detection of natural infections in mosquitoes. In this study, we used a high-throughput chip based on the BioMark™ Dynamic arrays system capable of detecting 64 arboviruses in a single experiment. A total of 17,958 mosquitoes collected in Zika-endemic/epidemic countries (Brazil, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Senegal, and Cambodia) were analyzed. Here we show that this new tool can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. Thus, this fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.
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22
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Delatorre E, de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Gómez MM, dos Santos AAC, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Neves MSAS, Bonelly I, de Miranda RM, Furtado ND, Raphael LMS, da Silva LDFF, de Castro MG, Ramos DG, Romano APM, Kallás EG, Vicente ACP, Bello G, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Distinct YFV Lineages Co-circulated in the Central-Western and Southeastern Brazilian Regions From 2015 to 2018. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1079. [PMID: 31178835 PMCID: PMC6543907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of yellow fever virus (YFV) that is afflicting Brazil since the end of 2016 probably originated from a re-introduction of YFV from endemic areas into the non-endemic Southeastern Brazil. However, the lack of genomic sequences from endemic regions hinders the tracking of YFV's dissemination routes. We assessed the origin and spread of the ongoing YFV Brazilian outbreak analyzing a new set of YFV strains infecting humans, non-human primates (NHPs) and mosquitoes sampled across five Brazilian states from endemic and non-endemic regions between 2015 and 2018. We found two YFV sub-clade 1E lineages circulating in NHP from Goiás state (GO), resulting from independent viral introductions into the Araguaia tributary river basin: while one strain from 2017 clustered intermingled with Venezuelan YFV strains from 2000, the other YFV strains sampled in 2015 and 2017 clustered with sequences of the current YFV outbreak in the Brazilian Southeastern region (named YFV2015-2018 lineage), displaying the same molecular signature associated to the current YFV outbreak. After its introduction in GO at around mid-2014, the YFV2015-2018 lineage followed two paths of dissemination outside GO, originating two major YFV sub-lineages: (1) the YFVMG/ES/RJ sub-lineage spread sequentially from the eastern area of Minas Gerais state to Espírito Santo and then to Rio de Janeiro states, following the Southeast Atlantic basin; (2) the YFVMG/SP sub-lineage spread from the southwestern area of Minas Gerais to the metropolitan region of São Paulo state, following the Paraná basin. These results indicate the ongoing YFV outbreak in Southeastern Brazil originated from a dissemination event from GO almost 2 years before its recognition at the end of 2016. From GO this lineage was introduced in Minas Gerais state at least two times, originating two sub-lineages that followed different routes toward densely populated areas. The spread of YFV outside endemic regions for at least 4 years stresses the imperative importance of the continuous monitoring of YFV to aid decision-making for effective control policies aiming the increase of vaccination coverage to avoid the YFV transmission in densely populated urban centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Delatorre
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- División Biología Molecular y Genética, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Iule Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Menezes Souza Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallás
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Moussallem TM, Gava C, Ardisson KS, Marques CS, Graceli GC, Koski ADPV, Almada GL, da Silva AR, de Jesus FAA, Rodrigues GAP, da Silva TCC. Yellow fever outbreak in a rural-urban mixed community of Espírito Santo, Brazil: epidemiological aspects. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e29. [PMID: 31093253 PMCID: PMC6519667 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To describe the epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) that occurred in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1 January 2017 – 31 July 2017. Methods. A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective approach analyzed secondary data obtained from the national notification systems, Information System of Diseases Notifications (SINAN), Laboratory Environment Manager (GAL), and the Espírito Santo Health Secretariat (SESA). Results. From 1 January 2017 – 8 July 2017, a total of 824 cases were reported in Espírito Santo, 307 (37%) of which were confirmed as YF. Of these, 95 (30.9%) died from the disease. Men were those most affected, corresponding to 244 (79.5%) cases, and women to 63 (20.5%) cases. The greatest incidence rate registered was in the city of Santa Leopoldina (380.2 cases/100 000 inhabitants). The outbreak evolved rapidly and a response was possible due to a multidisciplinary group created specifically to tackle the YF outbreak. Conclusions. The data were received and analyzed quickly and the response, consisting of immediate treatment of the cases and a blocking vaccination strategy, was developed to halt the progression of this fatal disease. In spite of these efforts, the case fatality rate of yellow fever remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tálib Moysés Moussallem
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gava
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro Brazil Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Spandl Ardisson
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Clemilda Soares Marques
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Calmon Graceli
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Aline da Penha Valadares Koski
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Gilton Luiz Almada
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Center for Strategic Information and Responses in Health Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Dório Silva Hospital SerraEspírito Santo Brazil Dório Silva Hospital, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antonio Alves de Jesus
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Dório Silva Hospital SerraEspírito Santo Brazil Dório Silva Hospital, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Gilsa Aparecida Pimenta Rodrigues
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Health Surveillance Management VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Health Surveillance Management, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Theresa Cristina Cardoso da Silva
- Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance VitóriaEspírito Santo Brazil Special Center for Epidemiological Surveillance, Espírito Santo State Health Secretariat, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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24
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de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Ferreira-de-Brito A, dos Santos AAC, de Miranda RM, Bonelly IDS, Neves MSAS, Bersot MI, dos Santos TP, Gomes MQ, da Silva JL, Romano APM, Carvalho RG, Said RFDC, Ribeiro MS, Laperrière RDC, Fonseca EOL, Falqueto A, Paupy C, Failloux AB, Moutailler S, de Castro MG, Gómez MM, Motta MDA, Bonaldo MC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:218-231. [PMID: 30866775 PMCID: PMC6455131 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1568180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iule de Souza Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Bersot
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Silva
- Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberta Gomes Carvalho
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Sergio Ribeiro
- Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Costa Laperrière
- Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Potential of Aedes albopictus as a bridge vector for enzootic pathogens at the urban-forest interface in Brazil. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:191. [PMID: 30482898 PMCID: PMC6258732 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The invasive species Aedes albopictus is present in 60% of Brazilian municipalities, including at the interfaces between urban settings and forests that are zoonotic arbovirus hotspots. We investigated Ae. albopictus colonization, adult dispersal and host feeding patterns in the anthropic-natural interface of three forested sites covering three biomes in Brazil in 2016. To evaluate whether an ecological overlap exists between Ae. albopictus and sylvatic yellow fever virus (YFV) in forests, we performed similar investigations in seven additional urban-forest interfaces where YFV circulated in 2017. We found Ae. albopictus in all forested sites. We detected eggs and adults up to 300 and 500 m into the forest, respectively, demonstrating that Ae. albopictus forest colonization and dispersal decrease with distance from the forest edge. Analysis of the host identity in blood-engorged females indicated that they fed mainly on humans and domestic mammals, suggesting rare contact with wildlife at the forest edge. Our results show that Ae. albopictus frequency declines as it penetrates into the forest and highlight its potential role as a bridge vector of zoonotic diseases at the edge of the Brazilian forests studied.
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26
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Experimental Adaptation of the Yellow Fever Virus to the Mosquito Aedes albopictus and Potential risk of urban epidemics in Brazil, South America. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14337. [PMID: 30254315 PMCID: PMC6156417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an efficient vaccine, Yellow fever (YF), a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, is still a threat. In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has been restricted to a jungle cycle for more than 70 years. However, YFV has recently invaded populated cities in the Southeast such as Rio de Janeiro where the opportunistic mosquito Aedes albopictus is well established. Using in vivo passages of YFV in Ae. albopictus, we have selected viral strains presenting substitutions in NS1 gene. We did 10 passages of YFV-74018 on two distinct Ae. albopictus populations: (i) Manaus collected from a YFV-endemic area in Amazonia and (ii) PNMNI from a YFV-free area in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Full viral genomes were deep sequenced at each passage. We obtained two YFV strains presenting a non-synonymous substitution in the NS1 gene. Interestingly, they intervened at two different positions in NS1 gene according to the mosquito population: I2772T in Ae. albopictus Manaus and S3303N in Ae. albopictus PNMNI. Both substitutions reached fixation at the passage 10. Our data suggest that YFV has the potential for adaption to Ae. albopictus thereby posing a threat to most cities in South America where this mosquito is present.
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de Abreu FVS, Gomes LR, Mello ARL, Bianco-Júnior C, de Pina-Costa A, Dos Santos E, Teixeira DS, Brasil P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz M. Frozen blood clots can be used for the diagnosis of distinct Plasmodium species in man and non-human primates from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Malar J 2018; 17:338. [PMID: 30249260 PMCID: PMC6154902 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic infections with epidemic potential, as non-human primate malaria and yellow fever (YF), can overlap geographically. Optimizing a small blood sample for diagnosis and surveillance is of great importance. Blood are routinely collected for YF diagnosis and blood clots usually discarded after serum obtention. Aiming to take sample advantage, the sensitivity of a PCR using extracted DNA from long-term frozen clots from human and non-human primates for detection of Plasmodium spp. in low parasitaemia conditions was assayed. RESULTS Malaria diagnosis with DNA extracted from blood clots generated results in agreement with samples obtained with whole blood, including mixed Plasmodium vivax/simium and Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum infections. CONCLUSION Blood clots from human and non-human primates may be an important and low cost source of DNA for malaria surveillance in the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais Campus Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Lavigne Mello
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesare Bianco-Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis/RJ, 25964-004, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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28
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Possas C, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Tauil PL, Pinheiro FDP, Pissinatti A, da Cunha RV, Freire M, Martins RM, Homma A. Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: the puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180278. [PMID: 30427974 PMCID: PMC6135548 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the complex eco-social factors involved in the puzzle of the unexpected rapid viral spread in the ongoing Brazilian yellow fever (YF) outbreak, which has increased the reurbanisation risk of a disease without urban cases in Brazil since 1942. Indeed, this rapid spatial viral dissemination to the Southeast and South regions, now circulating in the Atlantic Forest fragments close to peri-urban areas of the main Brazilian megalopolises (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) has led to an exponential increase in the number of yellow fever cases. In less than 18 months, 1,833 confirmed cases and 578 deaths were recorded most of them reported in the Southeast region (99,9%). Large epizooties in monkeys and other non-human primates (NHPs) were communicated in the country with 732 YF virus (YFV) laboratory confirmed events only in the 2017/2018 monitoring period. We also discuss the peculiarities and similarities of the current outbreak when compared with previous great epidemics, examining several hypotheses to explain the recent unexpected acceleration of epizootic waves in the sylvatic cycle of the YFV together with the role of human, NHPs and mosquito mobility with respect to viral spread. We conclude that the most feasible hypothesis to explain this rapidity would be related to human behavior combined with ecological changes that promoted a significant increase in mosquito and NHP densities and their contacts with humans. We emphasize the urgent need for an adequate response to this outbreak such as extending immunisation coverage to the whole Brazilian population and developing novel strategies for immunisation of NHPs confined in selected reserve areas and zoos. Finally, we stress the urgent need to improve the quality of response in order to prevent future outbreaks and a catastrophic reurbanisation of the disease in Brazil and other South American countries. Continuous monitoring of YFV receptivity and vulnerability conditions with effective control of the urban vector Aedes aegypti and significant investments in YF vaccine production capacity and research and development for reduction of adverse effects are of the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Possas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Tauil
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Freire
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Akira Homma
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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29
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Yellow fever in the diagnostics laboratory. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:129. [PMID: 30002363 PMCID: PMC6043483 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) remains a public health issue in endemic areas despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. In 2015–2016, urban outbreaks of YF were declared in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and a sylvatic outbreak has been ongoing in Brazil since December 2016. Of great concern is the risk of urban transmission cycles taking hold in Brazil and the possible spread to countries with susceptible populations and competent vectors. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of an outbreak response, but a low vaccine stockpile has forced a sparing-dose strategy, which has thus far been implemented in affected African countries and now in Brazil. Accurate laboratory confirmation of cases is critical for efficient outbreak control. A dearth of validated commercial assays for YF, however, and the shortcomings of serological methods make it challenging to implement YF diagnostics outside of reference laboratories. We examine the advantages and drawbacks of existing assays to identify the barriers to timely and efficient laboratory diagnosis. We stress the need to develop new diagnostic tools to meet current challenges in the fight against YF.
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30
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Dias JCA, Monteiro LHA. Clustered Breeding Sites: Shelters for Vector-Borne Diseases. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2575017. [PMID: 30112017 PMCID: PMC6077366 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2575017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, the propagation of vector-borne diseases is modeled by using a probabilistic cellular automaton. Numerical simulations considering distinct spatial distributions and time variations of the vector abundance are performed, in order to investigate their impacts on the number of infected individuals of the host population. The main conclusion is as follows: in the clustered distributions, the prevalence is lower, but the eradication is more difficult to be achieved, as compared to homogeneous distributions. This result can be relevant in the implementation of preventive surveillance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. A. Dias
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, PPGEEC, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L. H. A. Monteiro
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, PPGEEC, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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31
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Sakamoto Y, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto N, Nishiura H. Modeling the elevated risk of yellow fever among travelers visiting Brazil, 2018. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29961429 PMCID: PMC6027565 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike the epidemic of yellow fever from 2016 to 17 in Brazil mostly restricted to the States of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, the epidemic from 2017 to 18 mainly involved São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and resulted in multiple international disseminations. To understand mechanisms behind this observation, the present study analyzed the distribution of imported cases from Brazil, 2018. METHODS A statistical model was employed to capture the risk of importing yellow fever by returning international travelers from Brazil. We estimated the relative risk of importation among travelers by the extent of wealth measured by GDP per capita and the relative risk obtained by random assignment of travelers' destination within Brazil by the relative population size. RESULTS Upper-half wealthier countries had 2.1 to 3.4 times greater risk of importation than remainders. Even among countries with lower half of GDP per capita, the risk of importation was 2.5 to 2.8 times greater than assuming that the risk of travelers' infection within Brazil is determined by the regional population size. CONCLUSIONS Travelers from wealthier countries were at elevated risk of yellow fever, allowing us to speculate that travelers' local destination and behavior at high risk of infection are likely to act as a key determinant of the heterogeneous risk of importation. It is advised to inform travelers over the ongoing geographic foci of transmission, and if it appears unavoidable to visit tourist destination that has the history of producing imported cases, travelers must be strongly advised to receive vaccination in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nao Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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32
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Klitting R, Gould EA, Paupy C, de Lamballerie X. What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E291. [PMID: 29890711 PMCID: PMC6027470 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. Yellow fever virus had been a human plague for centuries prior to the identification of its urban transmission vector, the Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquito species, and the development of an efficient live-attenuated vaccine, the YF-17D strain. The combination of vector-control measures and vaccination campaigns drastically reduced YFV incidence in humans on many occasions, but the virus never ceased to circulate in the forest, through its sylvatic invertebrate vector(s) and vertebrate host(s). Outbreaks recently reported in Central Africa (2015⁻2016) and Brazil (since late 2016), reached considerable proportions in terms of spatial distribution and total numbers of cases, with multiple exports, including to China. In turn, questions about the likeliness of occurrence of large urban YFV outbreaks in the Americas or of a successful import of YFV to Asia are currently resurfacing. This two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology and transmission dynamics of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at individual, local and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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