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Sharygin D, Koniaris LG, Wells C, Zimmers TA, Hamidi T. Role of CD14 in human disease. Immunology 2023; 169:260-270. [PMID: 36840585 PMCID: PMC10591340 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface antigen CD14 is primarily understood to act as a co-receptor for toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate innate immunity responses to pathogens and tissue injury in macrophages and monocytes. However, roles for CD14 are increasingly being uncovered in disease responses in epithelial and endothelial cells. Consistent with these broader functions, CD14 expression is altered in a variety of non-immune cell types in response to a several of disease states. Moreover, soluble CD14 activated by factors from both pathogens and tissue damage may initiate signalling in a variety of non-immune cells. This review examined the current understanding CD14 in innate immunity as well as its potential functions in nonimmune cells and associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sharygin
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts institute of technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Clark Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tewfik Hamidi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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He B, Quan LP, Cai CY, Yu DY, Yan W, Wei QJ, Zhang Z, Huang XN, Liu L. Dysregulation and imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the cardiomyopathy progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:973279. [PMID: 36148059 PMCID: PMC9485579 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.973279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCardiomyopathy is known to be a heterogeneous disease with numerous etiologies. They all have varying degrees and types of myocardial pathological changes, resulting in impaired contractility, ventricle relaxation, and heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenesis, immune-related pathways and important biomarkers engaged in the progression of cardiomyopathy from various etiologies.MethodsWe downloaded the gene microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The hub genes between cardiomyopathy and non-cardiomyopathy control groups were identified using differential expression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). To assess the diagnostic precision of hub genes, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were utilized. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were conducted on the obtained differential genes. Finally, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were utilized to analyze the infiltration level of 28 immune cells and their relationship with hub genes based on gene expression profile data and all differential gene files.ResultsA total of 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened after the training datasets were merged and intersected. The WGCNA analysis clustered the expression profile data into four co-expression modules, The turquoise module exhibited the strongest relationship with clinical traits, and nine candidate key genes were obtained from the module. Then we intersected DEGs with nine candidate genes. LASSO regression analysis identified the last three hub genes as promising biomarkers to distinguish the cardiomyopathy group from the non-cardiomyopathy control group. ROC curve analysis in the validation dataset revealed the sensitivity and accuracy of three hub genes as marker genes. The majority of the functional enrichment analysis results were concentrated on immunological and inflammatory pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant correlation between regulatory T cells, type I helper T cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, natural killer cells, activated dendritic cells and the abundance of immune infiltration in hub genes.ConclusionThe hub genes (CD14, CCL2, and SERPINA3) can be used as markers to distinguish cardiomyopathy from non-cardiomyopathy individuals. Among them, SERPINA3 has the best diagnostic performance. T cell immunity (adaptive immune response) is closely linked to cardiomyopathy progression. Hub genes may protect the myocardium from injury through myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, helper T cells, monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells and activated dendritic cells. The innate immune response is crucial to this process. Dysregulation and imbalance of innate immune cells or activation of adaptive immune responses are involved in cardiomyopathy disease progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Li-Ping Quan
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chun-Yu Cai
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dian-You Yu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qin-Jiang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xian-Nan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, College of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalitie, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: Li Liu
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Zingales B, Bartholomeu DC. Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: impact on transmission cycles and Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210193. [PMID: 35544857 PMCID: PMC9088421 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease (ChD), exhibits remarkable biological and genetic diversity, along with eco-epidemiological complexity. In order to facilitate communication among researchers aiming at the characterisation of biological and epidemiological aspects of T. cruzi, parasite isolates and strains were partitioned into seven discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and TcBat, identifiable by reproducible genotyping protocols. Here we present the potential origin of the genetic diversity of T. cruzi and summarise knowledge about eco-epidemiological associations of DTUs with mammalian reservoirs and vectors. Circumstantial evidence of a connection between T. cruzi genotype and ChD manifestations is also discussed emphasising the role of the host’s immune response in clinical ChD progression. We describe genomic aspects of DTUs focusing on polymorphisms in multigene families encoding surface antigens that play essential functions for parasite survival both in the insect vector and the mammalian host. Such antigens most probably contributed to the parasite success in establishing infections in different hosts and exploring several niches. Gaps in the current knowledge and challenges for future research are pointed out.
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