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Trimèche M, Boussoffara T, Chelbi I, Cherni S, Zhioua S, Msallem N, Labidi I, Zhioua E. Effects of multiple feedings on sensitized rabbits on the fitness of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Acta Trop 2022; 228:106303. [PMID: 35021103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of antibodies anti-sandfly saliva on the fecundity of Phlebotomus papatasi, vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. Rabbits were repeatedly exposed to sandfly bites. Immune sera showed increased levels of anti-sandfly saliva antibody compared to the pre-exposition period. The analysis of biological parameters revealed no decline on the feeding success of females P. papatasi fed on rabbits repeatedly exposed to sandfly bites. Our results showed that anti-sandfly saliva antibodies of rabbits are not detrimental to the fitness of females P. papatasi. Thus, rabbits did not acquire resistance to sandflies following repeated exposures, and that contribute in maintaining a high density of P. papatasi. To control sandfly infestations and Leishmania transmission, more studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the resistance of hosts to bites of sandflies.
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Adly E, Shehata MG, El-Demerdash E, Alfarraj S, Ali Alharbi S, Soliman DE. Impact of anti-sandfly saliva antibodies on biological aspects of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2695-2700. [PMID: 34025155 PMCID: PMC8117046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandflies are the main vectors of Leishmania parasites in tropical and subtropical areas. The immunization of vertebrate hosts with vector components through repeated bites may offer an alternative method for sandfly control. Aliquots of female Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) were weekly blood fed on 12 individual hamsters throughout 18 successive weeks. Significant biological and biochemical changes resulting from antibodies developed by immunized host sera against repeated biting were observed in sandfly females. Blood feeding and fertility rates of females significantly gradually declined to the end of the study period. No appreciable difference was observed in mortality rates among flies repeatedly fed on individual hamsters throughout weeks 9 and 18, compared to flies fed on naïve hamsters. Total salivary gland proteins of female sandflies were compared to proteins in sera of sensitized hamsters. SDS-page revealed bands common to both flies and hosts, indicating the development of anti-saliva antibodies in hamster sera. The importance of anti-sandfly saliva antibodies as a potential tool for vector control leading to the interruption of leishmaniasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Adly
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Magdi G Shehata
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa E Soliman
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Spitzova T, Sumova P, Volfova V, Polanska N, Poctova L, Volf P. Interactions between host biogenic amines and sand fly salivary yellow-related proteins. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:237. [PMID: 32381071 PMCID: PMC7206685 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During blood feeding, sand flies inoculate salivary proteins that interact with the host haemostatic system. The blocking of biogenic amines such as serotonin and histamine helps to limit vasodilatation and clot formation, and thus enables the insect to finish the blood-feeding process. In sand flies, an amine-binding ability is known only for the yellow-related proteins of Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia vectors, but not yet for members of the genus Sergentomyia. METHODS The ability of Phlebotomus argentipes and Sergentomyia schwetzi recombinant yellow-related salivary proteins to bind histamine and serotonin was measured by microscale thermophoresis. Both sand fly species were also fed through a chicken-skin membrane on blood mixed with histamine or serotonin in order to check the effects of biogenic amines on sand fly fitness. Additionally, fecundity and mortality were compared in two groups of P. argentipes females fed on repeatedly-bitten and naive hamsters, respectively. RESULTS The P. argentipes recombinant yellow-related protein PagSP04 showed high binding affinity to serotonin and low affinity to histamine. No binding activity was detected for two yellow-related proteins of S. schwetzi. Elevated concentrations of serotonin significantly reduced the amount of eggs laid by P. argentipes when compared to the control. The fecundity of S. schwetzi and the mortality of both sand fly species were not impaired after the experimental membrane feeding. Additionally, there were no differences in oviposition or mortality between P. argentipes females fed on immunized or naive hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in natural conditions sand flies are able to cope with biogenic amines or anti-saliva antibodies without any influence on their fitness. The serotonin binding by salivary yellow-related proteins may play an important role in Phlebotomus species feeding on mammalian hosts, but not in S. schwetzi, which is adapted to reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Spitzova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Sumova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Polanska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Poctova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Ortigão-Farias JR, Di-Blasi T, Telleria EL, Andorinho AC, Lemos-Silva T, Ramalho-Ortigão M, Tempone AJ, Traub-Csekö YM. Alternative splicing originates different domain structure organization of Lutzomyia longipalpis chitinases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:96-101. [PMID: 29236932 PMCID: PMC5722264 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insect chitinase gene family is composed by more than 10 paralogs, which
can codify proteins with different domain structures. In Lutzomyia
longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in
Brazil, a chitinase cDNA from adult female insects was previously
characterized. The predicted protein contains one catalytic domain and one
chitin-binding domain (CBD). The expression of this gene coincided with the
end of blood digestion indicating a putative role in peritrophic matrix
degradation. OBJECTIVES To determine the occurrence of alternative splicing in chitinases of
L. longipalpis. METHODS We sequenced the LlChit1 gene from a genomic clone and the
three spliced forms obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) using larvae cDNA. FINDINGS We showed that LlChit1 from L. longipalpis
immature forms undergoes alternative splicing. The spliced form
corresponding to the adult cDNA was named LlChit1A and the two larvae
specific transcripts were named LlChit1B and LlChit1C. The B and C forms
possess stop codons interrupting the translation of the CBD. The A form is
present in adult females post blood meal, L4 larvae and pre-pupae, while the
other two forms are present only in L4 larvae and disappear just before
pupation. Two bands of the expected size were identified by Western blot
only in L4 larvae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time alternative splicing generating chitinases with
different domain structures increasing our understanding on the finely
regulated digestion physiology and shedding light on a potential target for
controlling L. longipalpis larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ramalho Ortigão-Farias
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Di-Blasi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Erich Loza Telleria
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Andorinho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thais Lemos-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Antônio Jorge Tempone
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Yara Maria Traub-Csekö
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Londono-Renteria B, Troupin A, Colpitts TM. Arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:516. [PMID: 27664127 PMCID: PMC5035468 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. With the recent introduction of West Nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and Zika virus (2015) to the Americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. With a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease prevention relies on vector control interventions. However, due to the emergence of and rapidly spreading insecticide resistance, different disease control methods are needed. A feasible method of reducing emerging tropical diseases is the implementation of vaccines that prevent or decrease viral infection in the vector. These vaccines are designated ‘transmission blocking vaccines’, or TBVs. Here, we summarize previous TBV work, discuss current research on arboviral TBVs and present several promising TBV candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Malta J, Martins GF, Weng JL, Fernandes KM, Munford ML, Ramalho-Ortigão M. Effects of specific antisera targeting peritrophic matrix-associated proteins in the sand fly vector Phlebotomus papatasi. Acta Trop 2016; 159:161-9. [PMID: 27012717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In many hematophagous insects, the peritrophic matrix (PM) is formed soon after a blood meal (PBM) to compartmentalize the food bolus. The PM is an important component of vector competence, functioning as a barrier to the development of many pathogens including parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies. PM morphology and permeability are associated with the proteins that are part of the PM scaffolding, including several peritrophins, and chitin fibers. Here, we assessed the effects of specific antisera targeting proteins thought to be an integral part of the PM scaffolding and its process of maturation and degradation. Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies were fed with red blood cells reconstituted with antisera targeting the chitinase PpChit1, and the peritrophin PpPer2. Sand fly midguts were dissected at different time points and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies (24, 42-46, 48 and 72h PBM), scanning electron (SEM) (48h PBM) and atomic force (AFM) (30h PBM) microscopies. TEM and WGA-FITC staining indicate PM degradation was significantly delayed following feeding of flies on anti-PpChit1. AFM analysis at 30h PBM point to an increase in roughness' amplitude of the PM of flies that fed on either anti-PpChit1 or anti-PpPer2. Collective, our data suggest that antibodies targeting PM-associated proteins affects the kinetics of PM maturation, delaying its degradation and disruption and are potential targets on transmission-blocking vaccines strategies.
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