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Vindigni V, Marena F, Zanettin C, Bassetto F. Breast Reconstruction: The Oncoplastic Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4718. [PMID: 39200860 PMCID: PMC11355501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast reconstruction surgery is continualladvancing, significantly enhancing patient well-being. Current surgical techniques prioritize minimizing donor site morbidity while achieving a more natural breast appearance. Increasing patient preferences for avoiding prosthetic materials in reconstruction, along with advancements in oncological safety and heightened aesthetic expectations, are driving the exploration and development of innovative approaches. Today's reconstructive options range from straightforward oncoplastic glandular remodeling to intricate microsurgical procedures. This narrative review, titled "Breast reconstruction: the oncoplastic approach," provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary trends in breast-conserving treatment. It evaluates the indications for these techniques and offers guidance to plastic surgeons in crafting personalized treatment plans. This approach presents a valuable single-stage alternative or adjunct to traditional prosthetic or microsurgical reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Marena
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.V.); (C.Z.); (F.B.)
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Kuruvilla AS, Yan Y, Rathi S, Wang F, Weichman KE, Ricci JA. Oncologic Safety in Autologous Fat Grafting After Breast Conservation Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 90:106-110. [PMID: 36534109 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is often used to reconstruct defects after breast conservation therapy (BCT). However, concerns exist about the possibility of AFG-related recurrence or metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the literature to evaluate oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing AFG at the time of BCT. METHODS A systematic review of articles related to AFG based reconstruction at the time of BCT from 1970 to 2021 was performed via PubMed. Patients were grouped based on the presence or lack of AFG usage at the time of BCT, and oncologic outcomes and complications were compared. RESULTS Of the 146 articles identified, 15 were included. Nine hundred patients underwent BCT alone and 1063 patients underwent BCT with AFG patients. Similar average follow-up time was observed between the groups, 58.7 months (BCT only) and 55.2 months (BCT with AFG). On pooled analysis, no difference was identified in local recurrence 4.8% (43 patients) of the BCT group and 3% (32 patients) in the AFG group (P = 0.8), metastasis 4.8% (43 patients) of the BCT group and 6.9% (73 patients) in the AFG group (P = 0.3), or fat necrosis (P = 0.44). Meta-analysis additionally did not identify any statistically significant odds ratios between the BCT only group and BCT with AFG group when evaluated for total recurrence, local recurrence, metastasis or fat necrosis. CONCLUSIONS The results show no significant difference in cancer recurrence or metastasis in the BCT only group versus BCT and AFG, showing that fat grafting has safe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet S Kuruvilla
- From the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Yufan Yan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | - Sourish Rathi
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM), Old Westbury, NY
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | - Katie E Weichman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
| | - Joseph A Ricci
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
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Wang K, Yu Z, Rong X, Tang J, Dang J, Li H, Yang J, Peng H, Yi C. Meta-Analysis of the Oncological Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting After Breast Cancer on Basic Science and Clinical Studies. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022:10.1007/s00266-022-03217-7. [PMID: 36542092 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate the oncological safety of autologous fat grafting after breast cancer by combining experimental and clinical studies. METHODS All studies published before August 2021 were collected by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, SINOMED, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. After screening the research and extracting the data, RevMan was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS Five basic science studies and 26 clinical studies, involving a total of 10,125 patients, were eventually included. In the basic science studies, adipose-derived stem cells promoted breast cancer growth, but fat grafting and adipose-derived stem cells plus fat grafting were not associated with breast cancer growth. An overall analysis of clinical studies showed that autologous fat grafting does not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Subgroup analyses indicated that autologous fat grafting did not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence in Asian or Caucasian patients, in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery or modified radical mastectomy, in patients with in situ carcinomas or invasive carcinomas, or in patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. CONCLUSION This study combined experimental and clinical studies to conclude that autologous fat grafting does not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence. However, the experimental results suggest that adipose-derived stem cells should be used with caution after breast cancer surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Systematic review: Oncological safety of reconstruction with fat grafting in breast cancer outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:4160-4168. [PMID: 36180337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) has become a commonly used procedure for breast reconstruction (BR) after cancer removal. Nevertheless, oncological considerations remain for AFG after breast cancer surgery. OBJECTIVES This article aims to evaluate the oncological safety of AFG in BR and its effect on disease-free survival (DFS) and local-regional recurrences (LRR). METHODS A systematic review regarding the use of AFG in BR to identify a difference in incidence rates of LRR and DFS between patients who had AFG and controls was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The protocol was developed following the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews-Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The included studies had to match predetermined criteria according to the PICOS approach. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included. Seven studies reported LRR, and 5 studies reported DFS in 5,886 patients. Our systematic review showed that AFG was not associated with increased LRR and DFS. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for LRR and DFS were 1.26 (0.90-1.76) and 1.27 (0.96-1.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AFG can, therefore, be performed safely in BR after breast cancer. Further, randomized controlled trials and related systematic reviews, as well as evidence-based medicine (EBM) studies of level 1, are required to consolidate the results of the studies identified in this systematic review.
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Oncological safety of reconstruction with autologous fat grafting in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1379-1385. [PMID: 35790652 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the oncological safety of autologous fat grafting and its effect on disease-free survival and local recurrence in breast cancer patients with autologous fat grafting (AFG) reconstruction. A literature search was performed using the Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane libraries from January 2011 to March 2020, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to identify all relevant studies involving the application of autologous fat grafting in breast cancer reconstruction procedures. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was a difference in incidence rates of locoregional recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who had autologous fat grafting and controls. A total of 11 studies were included. Eight studies reported local-regional recurrences (LRR) and five studies reported disease-free survival (DFS) in 5,886 patients. Our meta-analysis of all included studies about survival outcomes showed AFG was not associated with increased LRR and DFS. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for LRR and DFS were 1.26 (0.90-1.76) and 1.27 (0.96-1.69), respectively. According to the published literature, autologous fat grafting did not result in an increased rate of LRR and DFS in patients with breast cancer. Autologous fat grafting can, therefore, be performed safely in breast reconstruction after breast cancer.
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Goncalves R, Mota BS, Sobreira-Lima B, Ricci MD, Soares JM, Munhoz AM, Baracat EC, Filassi JR. The oncological safety of autologous fat grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 35410265 PMCID: PMC9004160 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To present a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis evaluating the oncological safety of autologous fat grafting (AFG). Summary background data: AFG for breast reconstruction presents difficulties during follow-up radiological exams, and the oncological potential of grafted fat is uncertain. Previous studies confirmed that the fatty tissue could be transferred under a good condition suitable would not interfere with mammographic follow-up, although the issue of oncological safety remains. Methods We reviewed the literature published until 01/18/2021. The outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence (LR). We included studies that evaluated women with breast cancer who undergone surgery followed by reconstruction with AFG. We synthesized data using the inverse variance method on the log-HR (log of the hazard ratio) scale for time-to-event outcomes using RevMan. We assessed heterogeneity using the Chi2 and I2 statistics. Results Fifteen studies evaluating 8541 participants were included. The hazard ratios (HR) could be extracted from four studies, and there was no difference in OS between the AFG group and control (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.54, p = 0.71, I2 = 58%, moderate certainty evidence), and publication bias was not detected. The HR for DFS could be extracted from six studies, and there was no difference between the AFG group and control (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.38, p = 0.96, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty evidence). The HR for LR could be extracted from ten studies, and there was no difference between the AFG group and control (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.12, p = 0.43, I2 = 1%, moderate certainty evidence). Conclusion According to the current evidence, AFG is a safe technique of breast reconstruction for patients that have undergone BC surgery and did not affect OS, DFS, or LR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09485-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Goncalves
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Secretaria Cirúrgica, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Salani Mota
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Secretaria Cirúrgica, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sobreira-Lima
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Secretaria Cirúrgica, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Desidério Ricci
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Secretaria Cirúrgica, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mendonça Munhoz
- Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Hospital Sírio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Filassi
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Secretaria Cirúrgica, 4o andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
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Ahmed YS, Abd El Maksoud WM, Sultan MH, El-Bakoury EA. Immediate Lipo-Filling as a Novel Technique for Volume Replacement in Oncoplastic Breast Conservative Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:1612-1621. [PMID: 35048152 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of immediate lipofilling as a volume replacement technique in breast conservative surgery (BCS) in terms of the volume of fat graft resorption after radiotherapy, patient satisfaction, and oncological safety. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study that included female patients with breast cancer, with small- or medium-sized breasts. The patients underwent BCS followed by lipofilling into the deformed areas away from the tumor site that resulted from direct closure of the tumor cavity. They were followed up for early and late postoperative complications, including recurrence. Volumetric computed tomography was performed before and after radiotherapy to determine percentage fat resorption. Postoperative patient satisfaction was assessed using the Kyungpook National University Hospital Breast Reconstruction Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS The study included 54 female patients with a mean age of 47.57 ± 9.26 years. The mean follow-up period was 31.02 ± 4.47 months. Local recurrence was observed in three patients (5.56%). The volume reduction of the injected fat graft ranged from 10.15% to 55.67%, with a mean of 29.27 ± 10.06%. Fifty-two patients (96.30%) reported postoperative satisfaction, and nine of them expressed satisfaction only after a second lipofilling session. CONCLUSIONS Immediate lipofilling as a volume replacement technique in BCS is a safe and simple technique without major complications. It has a locoregional recurrence rate similar to BCS alone, with an acceptable fat resorption percentage and high postoperative patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Ahmed
- Experimental Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid M Abd El Maksoud
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Hussein Sultan
- Experimental Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Bakoury
- Radiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Li H, Wang Y, Yang D, Petit JY, Ren G. Clinical study of the feasibility, complications, and cosmetic outcomes of immediate autologous fat grafting during breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer in China. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2386-2397. [PMID: 34527550 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The resection of tumors in small breasts or in areas such as the upper and inner parts of the breast may have disabling cosmetic results. Tumor resection reduces the volume of the breast and may result in asymmetry or distortion of the nipple-areola complex. Autologous fat transfer/grafting has been shown to be a reliable technique for improving these poor cosmetic results. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, complications, and cosmetic outcomes of immediate autologous fat grafting during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in Chinese patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 58 patients with early breast cancer treated by the same surgical team from October 2016 to May 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: BCS with lipofilling (experiment group, n=30) and BCS without lipofilling (control group, n=28). All patients received the recommended breast cancer treatment with complementary radiotherapy. The follow-up period after the completion of radiotherapy ranged from 36-44 months. The resected and grafted volumes, complications, esthetic results, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rate within 3 years were compared between the groups. Results The average resected and grafted volumes in the lipofilled group were 47 and 74 mL, respectively, with only one seroma and no other complications. Regarding physician evaluation, BCS with lipofilling resulted in better cosmetic outcomes than BCS without lipofilling (33% versus 15%, respectively). Poor responses occurred in only 7% of patients with lipofilling, compared with 15% without lipofilling. Regarding patient self-evaluation, Breast-Q scores including patient satisfaction with their breasts and psychosocial well-being, were significantly higher in patients who received lipofilling compared with non-lipofilled patients. Regional recurrence occurred in one patient (case 21) (3.7%) in the lipofilling group and systemic recurrence occurred in one patient (case 12) (3.8%) in the control group. Conclusions Immediate autologous fat grafting is a promising, effective, and convenient technique for partial breast reconstruction after BCS, with potentially higher levels of patient and physician satisfaction compared with traditional BCS. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-ONN-17010514. Registered 24 January 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean Yves Petit
- Division of Plastic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Oncologic Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting after Breast Cancer Surgical Treatment: A Matched Cohort Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:11-20. [PMID: 34003814 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting has been an increasingly popular procedure for remodeling the breast of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. This study's objective was to investigate whether autologous fat grafting is associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence in the context of late breast reconstruction for patients diagnosed with breast cancer who have undergone either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. METHODS A retrospective matched cohort study was performed in a single tertiary health care center. Data were collected from 42 patients formerly treated for breast cancer who underwent the first session of autologous fat grafting between August of 2007 and June of 2016. A total of 126 patients with similar features, who did not undergo autologous fat grafting, were individually matched at a 1:3 ratio with the autologous fat grafting group. The primary endpoint was locoregional recurrence. Secondary outcomes were rates of local and distant recurrences, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 65 months after fat grafting, no significant differences were found between the lipofilling and control groups for locoregional recurrence (7.1 percent versus 6.3 percent; p = 0.856), local recurrence (7.1 percent versus 5.6 percent; p = 0.705), distant recurrence (14.3 percent versus 7.9 percent; p = 0.238), disease-free survival (21.4 percent versus 19.0 percent; p = 0.837), and overall survival (14.3 percent versus 7.1 percent; p = 0.181). CONCLUSIONS No evidence of increased risk in any of the survival outcomes was identified. Lipofilling seems to be a safe procedure for breast reconstruction after surgical treatment of breast cancer. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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Shamoun F, Asaad M, Hanson SE. Oncologic Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:271-277. [PMID: 33789829 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is a useful adjunct to breast reconstruction to address contour changes, volume loss, and deformity. More recent benefits observed include mitigation of pain and inflammation. Although there is no clinical evidence to suggest an increased risk in recurrence or new cancer development in fat grafting for breast reconstruction, the oncologic safety of grafting has come into question. Adipose tissue grafts contain progenitor cells and immunomodulatory cytokines, which may induce vasculogenesis or tumor progression or recurrence at the site. Although these are all theoretical concerns, there is a discrepancy between basic science research and clinical outcomes studies. In this review, the authors summarize available literature regarding three important controversies in fat grafting for oncologic breast reconstruction: the interaction of graft component cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells, with cancer cells; the concern of fat grafting interference with breast cancer screening and detection; and clinical evidence regarding the oncologic safety of fat grafting following breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Shamoun
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Malke Asaad
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Summer E Hanson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL.
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Chung JH, Kim KJ, Jung SP, Park SH, Yoon ES. Analysis of oncological safety of autologous fat grafting after immediate breast reconstruction. Gland Surg 2021; 10:584-594. [PMID: 33708542 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Fat grafting is now a common procedure for breast reconstruction. Many clinical studies have reported its aesthetic efficacy and oncological safety, but some experimental studies raise about the recurrence risk because of its regenerating property. This study aims to investigate the possibility of cancer recurrence associated with fat grafting. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed a total of 339 patients who had undergone immediate reconstructive surgery after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) or skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) in our institution between February 28, 2009 and March 23, 2019. Patients who had undergone breast conserving surgery, radical mastectomy, or delayed reconstruction were excluded. We used univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association between fat grafting and cancer recurrence. Results Among the 339 patients during a median follow-up of 52 months, 27 patients (8.0%) were confirmed to have recurrent cancer. Of 67 patients who had undergone fat grafting, 10 patients were confirmed to have cancer recurrence. In multivariate analyses, fat grafting [hazard ratio (HR), 2.52; 95% CI, 1.005-6.317; P=0.0488] was independently associated with cancer recurrence. Conclusions In population of breast cancer patient who underwent immediate reconstruction in our institution, fat grafting showed significant higher risk of cancer recurrence. Although these results are at odds with many existing studies, it suggests that more careful follow-up may be necessary for patients who had undergone fat grafting after reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jae Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ha Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tayeh S, Muktar S, Wazir U, Carmichael AR, Al-Fardan Z, Kasem A, Hamdi M, Mokbel K. Is Autologous Fat Grafting an Oncologically Safe Procedure following Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer? A Comprehensive Review. J INVEST SURG 2020; 35:390-399. [PMID: 33302753 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1852343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a recognized surgical procedure to correct deformities following breast conservation surgery (BCS) for breast cancer. However, there are concerns about the oncological safety of this technique. In this study we have reviewed the current literature to assess whether AFG adversely influences the oncological outcome after BCS for breast cancer. METHODS We have searched the medical literature using the Embase and PubMed search engines from conception until May 2019 to identify all relevant studies of patients who underwent AFG after BCS. Meta-analysis and meta-regression methodologies were used to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) of loco-regional recurrence (LRR) rates for case-control and case series studies (with historical controls) respectively. RESULTS We have identified 26 eligible studies with a total of 1640 patients who had undergone fat transfer after lumpectomy for breast cancer. The meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed an overall RR for LRR of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.14-1.66]. The meta-regression of case series revealed an overall incidence of LRR of 1.85% compared with 2.53% for historical controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study lends further support to the notion that fat transfer after lumpectomy for breast cancer does not seem to increase the risk of LRR. However further prospective research is required in order to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Tayeh
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK.,Department of General Surgery, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Samantha Muktar
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
| | - Umar Wazir
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK.,Department of General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Amtul R Carmichael
- University Hospital of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Queens Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | | | - Abdul Kasem
- Department of General Surgery, King's College Hospitals NHS Trust, Brixton, UK
| | - Moustapha Hamdi
- Brussels University Hospital, Vrij Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kefah Mokbel
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Piat JM, Giovinazzo V, Talha A, Dubost V, Maiato AP, Quoc CH. La reconstruction mammaire par le minidorsal lipofillé. KINÉSITHÉRAPIE, LA REVUE 2020; 20:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kine.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Effect of Breast Cancer and Adjuvant Therapy on Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells: Implications for the Role of ADSCs in Regenerative Strategies for Breast Reconstruction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:523-538. [PMID: 32929604 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ADSCs) has emerged as a novel regenerative medicine approach to replace and reconstruct soft tissue damaged or lost as a result of disease process or therapeutic surgical resection. ADSCs are an attractive cell source for soft tissue regeneration due to the fact that they are easily accessible, multipotent, non-immunogenic and pro-angiogenic. ADSC based regenerative strategies have been successfully translated to the clinical setting for the treatment of Crohn's fistulae, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, and cosmetic breast augmentation (fat grafting). ADSCs are particularly attractive as a source for adipose tissue engineering as they exhibit preferential differentiation to adipocytes and support maintenance of mature adipose graft volume. The potential for reconstruction with an autologous tissue sources and a natural appearance and texture is particularly appealing in the setting of breast cancer; up to 40% of patients require mastectomy for locoregional control and current approaches to post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) are limited by the potential for complications at the donor and reconstruction sites. Despite their potential, the use of ADSCs in breast cancer patients is controversial due to concerns regarding oncological safety. These concerns relate to the regeneration of tissue at a site where a malignancy has been treated and the impact this may have on stimulating local disease recurrence or dissemination. Pre-clinical data suggest that ADSCs exhibit pro-oncogenic characteristics and are involved in stimulating progression, and growth of tumour cells. However, there have been conflicting reports on the oncologic outcome, in terms of locoregional recurrence, for breast cancer patients in whom ADSC enhanced fat grafting was utilised as an alternative to reconstruction for small volume defects. A further consideration which may impact the successful translation of ADSC based regenerative strategies for post cancer reconstruction is the potential effects of cancer therapy. This review aims to address the effect of malignant cells, adjuvant therapies and patient-specific factors that may influence the success of regenerative strategies using ADSCs for post cancer tissue regeneration.
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Oncologic safety of immediate autologous fat grafting for reconstruction in breast-conserving surgery. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:301-309. [PMID: 32026213 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Autologous fat grafting (AFG), or lipofilling, has been used for immediate reconstruction at the time of breast-conserving surgery in order to achieve a satisfactory cosmetic outcome in patients with breast cancer and an unfavorable tumor-to-breast volume ratio or unfavorable tumor location. However, the oncologic safety of this technique is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether AFG performed simultaneously with breast-conserving surgery is associated with differences in local relapse rates and disease-free survival. DESIGN Matched retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS Patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery with or without AFG between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively enrolled and matched for age, staging, grade, tumor histology, and tumor immunohistochemical profile. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S) The cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and disease-free survival were the primary end points, while distant recurrence and overall survival were the secondary end points. RESULTS A total of 320 patients were followed. Cases were matched with controls at a 1:4 ratio. There was no difference in LRR or distant recurrence of breast cancer between the two groups. The annual LRR rate was 0.86% in patients who received immediate AFG vs. 0.7% in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery alone (p ≥ 0.05). Number of lymph nodes was the sole independent risk factor for local recurrence (p = 0.045). No significant differences in disease-free survival rates were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE At a mean follow-up of 5 years, no significant differences in locoregional recurrence rates were found between patients who received immediate AFG and those who underwent breast-conserving surgery alone. These findings corroborate previous research demonstrating the oncological safety of immediate AFG reconstruction, further suggesting that this technique as a safe, effective way to achieve optimal cosmetic outcomes in primary breast cancer surgery without jeopardizing oncologic outcomes.
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Wang K, Dai Y, Pan Y, Cheng P, Jin X. Local‐regional recurrence risk after autologous fat grafting in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Surg Oncol 2020; 121:435-440. [PMID: 31943238 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yuechu Dai
- Department of Surgical OncologyTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) Taizhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yin Pan
- Department of Surgical OncologyTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) Taizhou Zhejiang China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Breast SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Surgical OncologyTaizhou Municipal Hospital Taizhou Zhejiang China
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Cohen S, Sekigami Y, Schwartz T, Losken A, Margenthaler J, Chatterjee A. Lipofilling after breast conserving surgery: a comprehensive literature review investigating its oncologic safety. Gland Surg 2019; 8:569-580. [PMID: 31741888 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.09.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipofilling has regenerative properties used to improve deformities after breast conserving surgery. Our hypothesis is that there is inadequate data to ensure that lipofilling does not increase locoregional cancer recurrence after breast conserving surgery. A PRISMA comprehensive literature review was conducted of articles published prior to October 2019 investigating recurrence in patients who underwent lipofilling after breast conserving surgery. All forms of breast conserving surgery, fat grafting, and injection intervals were included. Patients undergoing mastectomy were excluded. Requirements to define lipofilling as "safe" included (I) a defined interval between resection and lipofilling; (II) a minimum follow-up period of 6 years from tumor resection; (III) a minimum follow-up period of 3 years from lipofilling; (IV) presence of a control group; (V) controls matched for ER/PR/Her-2; (VI) a sub-group analysis focusing on ER/PR/Her-2; (VII) adequate powering. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. The range in time from breast conserving surgery to fat injection was 0-76 months. The average time to follow-up after lipofilling was 23 days-60 months. Two studies had a sufficient follow-up time from both primary resection and from lipofilling. Seventeen of the nineteen studies specified the interval between resection and lipofilling, but there is currently no consensus regarding how soon lipofilling can be performed following BCS. Eight studies performed a subgroup analysis in cases of recurrence and found recurrence after lipofilling was associated with number of positive axillary nodes, intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade histology, Luminal A subtype, age <50, Ki-67 expression, and lipofilling within 3 months of primary resection. Of the eleven studies that included a comparison group, one matched patient for Her-2 and there was a statistically significant difference in Her-2 positive cancers in the study arms of two articles. Several studies deemed lipofilling "safe," two showed association of lipofilling and local recurrence, and most studies concluded that further research was needed. Insufficient and contradictory data exists to demonstrate the safety of lipofilling after breast conserving surgery. A multicentered, well designed study is needed to verify the safety of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cohen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yurie Sekigami
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa Schwartz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert Losken
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Margenthaler
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Biazus JV, Stumpf CC, Melo MP, Zucatto AE, Cericatto R, Cavalheiro JA, Damin AP. Breast-Conserving Surgery with Immediate Autologous Fat Grafting Reconstruction: Oncologic Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:1195-1201. [PMID: 29948094 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous fat grafting (AFG; lipofilling, lipografting) has been used in delayed breast reconstruction. Recently, it has also been investigated as an alternative for immediate reconstruction in patients submitted to breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Although good aesthetic results have been reported, the oncologic safety of the procedure remains under investigation. This article aims to assess oncologic outcomes of patients submitted to BCS with immediate AFG reconstruction. METHODS This study consisted of 65 patients undergoing BCS with AFG between January 2010 and January 2017. They were closely followed after surgery for a median period of 40.8 months. Locoregional and systemic recurrences were the primary endpoints of this study. RESULTS Ten patients developed cancer recurrence (15.4%). The median time for recurrence was 58.9 months. Only two patients presented locoregional recurrence (LRR) (3.07%). Five patients had systemic recurrence (7.69%), and three had both systemic and LRR (4.61%). Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 42.2 months, and overall survival (OV) was 44.3 months. Recurrences were significantly associated with the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes detected. CONCLUSION Oncologic outcomes of immediate AFG are similar to the results previously reported in BCS without AFG. Locoregional and systemic recurrences are associated with the presence of axillary metastases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Villanova Biazus
- Postgraduate Program in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, no. 2400 2º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035003, Brazil
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil
| | - Camile Cesa Stumpf
- Postgraduate Program in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, no. 2400 2º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035003, Brazil
| | - Marcia Portela Melo
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil
| | - Angela Erguy Zucatto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cericatto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil
| | - Jose Antonio Cavalheiro
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pires Damin
- Postgraduate Program in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, no. 2400 2º andar, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035003, Brazil.
- Division of Breast Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos no. 2350, room 600 C, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 9005903, Brazil.
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Krastev TK, Schop SJ, Hommes J, Piatkowski AA, Heuts EM, van der Hulst RRWJ. Meta-analysis of the oncological safety of autologous fat transfer after breast cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1082-1097. [PMID: 29873061 PMCID: PMC6055707 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipofilling ok
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Krastev
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S J Schop
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hommes
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Piatkowski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Heuts
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R R W J van der Hulst
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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